E-raamat: Antimicrobial/Anti-Infective Materials: Principles and Applications

Preface xi List of Contributors xiii Perspectives on Infectious Disease Challenges and Antimicrobial Answers 1(22) G. Manivannan S. P. Sawan Introduction 1(2) Antimicrobials 3(2) Mode of Action and Interaction 5(2) Host-Parasite Relationship 7(1) Infectious Disease Challenges 8(1) Foodborne Diseases and Related Issues 9(2) Contributing Factors to the Emergence of Foodborne Diseases 11(3) Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Related Issues 14(1) Rational Use of Antimicrobials 15(1) Device-Related Infections 16(1) Aspects of Travel 17(2) Concluding Remarks 19(1) References 20(3) Infections of Intracardiac Devices 23(16) L. A. Asbel D. Callans A. R. Tunkel Cardiac Pacemakers 23(4) Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators 27(2) Left Ventricular Assist Devices 29(3) Prosthetic Cardiac Valves 32(3) References 35(4) Infections in Orthopaedics 39(28) A. S. Koelling R. A. Johnson N. J. Ballintyn Introduction 39(1) Osteomyelitis: Definition, Classification, and Relationship to Orthopaedic Devices 39(1) Etiology and Establishment of Infections on Orthopaedic Devices 40(3) Conventional Diagnostic and Treatment Regimens for Osteomyelitis 43(2) Alternative Approaches to Infection Treatment and Prophylaxis 45(5) Implant Surfaces That are Passive and/or Anti-Adhesive 50(4) Regulatory Issues 54(4) References 58(9) Physicochemical Basis of Bacterial Adhesion to Biomaterial Surfaces 67(27) R. B. Dickinson A. G. Ruta S. E. Truesdail Introduction 67(1) Bacterial Adhesion as a Dynamic Process 68(3) Properties and Structure of Bacterial Cell Surfaces 71(2) Non-Specific Adhesion Mechanisms 73(9) Specific Adhesion Mechanisms 82(3) Other Factors Affecting Adhesion 85(1) Summary 86(1) References 87(7) Albumin Affinity Coatings May Prevent Foreign-Body Infections 94(36) J. R. Keogh Introduction 94(1) Foreign-Body Infections 95(1) Protein Adsorption 96(5) Blood Coagulation 101(2) Fibrinolysis 103(1) Platelet Adhesion 104(1) Microbial Adhesion 105(3) Medical-Device Coatings 108(6) Conclusion 114(4) References 118(12) Immobilized Biocides as an Alternative Strategy for Control of Microbial Contamination 130(19) S. L. Haynie G. Crum B. O. Ozen Summary 130(1) Introduction 131(1) Synthesis of the Immobilized Peptide Systems 132(2) Biological Activity 134(7) Chemical and Physical Stability 141(3) Discussion and Implications 144(2) References 146(3) Anti-Infective Coatings Reduce Device-Related Infections 149(32) X. Zhang Introduction 149(1) Biology on the Surfaces of Indwelling Devices 150(8) Anti-Infective Medical Devices by Surface Treatment 158(13) Further Research Remarks 171(1) References 172(9) Reduced Implant-Related Infectious Complications by Surface Modification Providing Controlled Antimicrobial Release 181(39) M. Hendriks P. Van Wachem L. Brouwer M. Verhoeven P. Cahalan M. Van Luyn Introduction 181(3) Surface Modification for Controlled Gentamicin Release 184(4) Animal Studies--Safety and Efficacy Testing 188(25) Concluding Remarks 213(1) References 214(6) A Chemically Intelligent Infection-Resistant Coating 220(19) S. Subramanyam A. Yurkovetskiy D. Hale S. P. Sawan Introduction 220(2) Anti-Infective Coating Exhibiting Chemical Intelligence 222(5) Mechanism of Action 227(4) Coating Stability 231(1) Bacterial Grow Through Resistance in Coated Microporous Membranes 231(1) Efficacy Against Biofilms 232(3) Summary 235(1) References and Notes 235(4) Merging of Biomedical and Textile Technologies in Order to Create Infection-Resistant Prosthetic Vascular Grafts 239(21) M. D. Phaneuf W. C. Quist F. W. Logerfo M. J. Bide Introduction 239(1) Infection of Prosthetic Vascular Grafts: A ``Costly Complication 240(1) Efforts to Combat Graft Infection 241(1) Textiles Dyes Versus Antibiotics: Structural and Chemical Similarities 242(1) Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics: The Ideal Antimicrobial Dyes? 243(2) The Interaction of Fibers and Small Molecules 245(2) Application of Fluoroquinolones to Polyester via Pad/Heat Dyeing 247(5) Conclusions 252(3) Future Directions 255(1) References 256(4) Aseptic Approaches and Novel Antimicrobial Catheters for Prevention of Infection of Vascular Catheters 260(14) R. O. Darouiche I. I. Raad Aseptic Approaches 261(4) Novel Anti-Infective Catheters 265(4) Conclusion 269(1) References 270(4) Anti-Infective Devices in Otolaryngology: Current Applications and Future Opportunities 274(18) R. E. Swain Introduction 274(1) Anti-Infective Devices in Otology: Trans-Tympanic Ventilation Tubes 275(4) Present Examples of Anti-Infective Ventilation Tubes 279(7) Anti-Infective Devices in Laryngology: Airway Management Devices and Voice Prostheses 286(2) Anti-Infective Devices in Rhinology: Nasal Packing, Sinus Stents, and Nasal Septal Buttons 288(1) Summary 289(1) References 289(3) Laboratory Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 292(25) B. S. Reisner G. L. Woods Introduction 292(1) Indications for Susceptibility Testing 292(2) Susceptibility Test Methods 294(5) Special Susceptibility Tests 299(5) Selection and Reporting of Antimicrobial Agents 304(4) Emerging Resistance Problems 308(3) Summary 311(1) References 312(5) Toward Dollar Devices for Measuring Metabolic Biochemistry 317(13) J. D. Andrade C-Y. Wang D-J. Min C. Eu R. Van Wagenen R. Scheer Introduction 317(2) A ``Simpler Approach to Bioluminescence-Based Analysis 319(2) The ATP Platform 321(1) Substrate Specific Sensors 322(4) Multi-Analyte Panels 326(1) Samples 326(1) Other Technologies 327(1) Conclusions 328(1) References 329(1) Sisyphus in the Microbial World: Antimicrobial Strategies and Humanitys Health 330(13) D. P. Fidler Introduction 330(1) The Role of Science and Technology in Epidemiological Shifts in Human History 331(2) Multidimensional Antimicrobial Strategies: Coping with The Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance 333(3) Antimicrobial Strategies Through the Lens of the Law 336(2) Science, Antimicrobial Strategies, and Future Plagues 338(2) References 340(3) Index 343

Samuel P. Sawan, Gurusamy Manivannan