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E-raamat: Applied Computational Aerodynamics: A Modern Engineering Approach

, (University of Alabama, Birmingham), (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University),
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  • Sari: Cambridge Aerospace Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316234624
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Cambridge Aerospace Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316234624
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This CA textbook is written at the undergraduate level focuses on developing the student's engineering skills required to become an intelligent user of aerodynamic simulations codes, unlike available books which typically focus on writing codes. This is done by taking advantage of CA codes that are now freely available and doing projects to learn the basic numerical and aerodynamic concepts.

This computational aerodynamics textbook is written at the undergraduate level, based on years of teaching focused on developing the engineering skills required to become an intelligent user of aerodynamic codes. This is done by taking advantage of CA codes that are now available and doing projects to learn the basic numerical and aerodynamic concepts required. This book includes a number of unique features to make studying computational aerodynamics more enjoyable. These include: • The computer programs used in the book's projects are all open source and accessible to students and practicing engineers alike on the book's website, www.cambridge.org/aerodynamics. The site includes access to images, movies, programs, and more • The computational aerodynamics concepts are given relevance by CA Concept Boxes integrated into the chapters to provide realistic asides to the concepts • Readers can see fluids in motion with the Flow Visualization Boxes carefully integrated into the text.

Arvustused

'Based on the authors' teaching and research experience, they have succeeded in composing a volume for students in aeronautical and aerospace engineering by including a number of unique features to enthuse the readers. I strongly recommend this textbook for aeronautical or aerospace students at either undergraduate or postgraduate level. Aerospace engineers/researchers will also find it useful as a handbook. This comprehensive volume can be used by those with little background in fluid mechanics, aerodynamics or CFD as a self-contained learning material.' Ning Qin, The Aeronautical Journal ' the text has an easy style, with useful quotes, insets containing biographies of people who work in the field, and concept boxes that summarize the most important ideas. There are also projects included for most chapters, together with traditional problems. These features definitely make the text captivating and should help undergraduate students become passionate about the field especially useful from the point of view of the practitioner. The text helps the student get familiar with various visualization techniques used not only by computational aerodynamicists but also by experimentalists I really like the practical emphasis of the presentation and recommend it as an excellent material for an undergraduate class in computational aerodynamics.' Daniel Livescu, AIAA Journal 'An excellent textbook with a lot of useful information regarding computational aerodynamics.' Xiaofeng Liu, San Diego State University

Muu info

This book covers the application of computational fluid dynamics from low-speed to high-speed flows, especially for use in aerospace applications.
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
List of Abbreviations xxiii
Nomenclature xxvii
1 Introduction to Computational Aerodynamics 1(44)
1.1 Introduction
2(4)
1.2 The Goals of Computational Aerodynamics
6(1)
1.3 The Intelligent User
7(3)
1.4 A Bit of Computational Aerodynamics History
10(9)
1.5 What Can Computational Aerodynamics Do Today and Tomorrow?
19(6)
1.5.1 Commercial Aircraft Applications
19(3)
1.5.2 Military Aircraft Applications
22(3)
1.6 Integration of CA and Experiments
25(2)
1.7 Design, Analysis, and Multidisciplinary Optimization
27(2)
1.8 The Computational Aerodynamics Process
29(8)
1.8.1 Geometry Modeling
31(1)
1.8.2 Grid Generation
32(1)
1.8.3 Flow Solution
33(1)
1.8.4 Post Processing
34(1)
1.8.5 Code Validation
35(2)
1.9 Computational Aerodynamics Users and Errors
37(1)
1.10 Scope, Purpose, and Outline of the Book
38(2)
1.11 Project
40(1)
1.12 References
40(5)
2 Computers, Codes, and Engineering 45(48)
2.1 Introduction
46(1)
2.2 From Engineering Methods to High-Performance Computing
47(12)
2.2.1 Semi-Empirical Methods
48(7)
2.2.2 Linear Potential Flow Methods
55(1)
2.2.3 CFD Methods
55(1)
2.2.4 When Should You Use a Given Method?
55(4)
2.3 Computing Systems
59(19)
2.3.1 Why CA Requires Large Computers
61(2)
2.3.2 CA Historical Development
63(3)
2.3.3 Computer Measures of Merit
66(5)
2.3.4 Parallel Computer Scalability
71(7)
2.4 Computer Codes: Verification, Validation, and Certification
78(4)
2.5 Some Comments on Programming
82(4)
2.6 Elements of a Solution
86(3)
2.7 Projects
89(1)
2.8 References
90(3)
3 Getting Ready for Computational Aerodynamics: Fluid Mechanics Foundations 93(68)
3.1 Introduction
94(1)
3.2 Governing Equations of Fluid Mechanics
94(4)
3.3 Derivation of Governing Equations
98(18)
3.3.1 Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation
100(4)
3.3.2 Conservation of Momentum and the Substantial Derivative
104(9)
3.3.2.1 Substantial Derivative
104(3)
3.3.2.2 Forces
107(6)
3.3.3 The Energy Equation
113(3)
3.4 Solution of the Set of Governing Equations
116(1)
3.5 Standard Forms and Terminology of Governing Equations
117(7)
3.5.1 Nondimensionalization
118(1)
3.5.2 Use of Divergence Form
118(2)
3.5.3 The "Standard" or "Vector" Form of the Equations
120(4)
3.6 Boundary Conditions, Initial Conditions, and the Mathematics Classification of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)
124(6)
3.6.1 Hyperbolic Type
126(1)
3.6.2 Parabolic Type
126(1)
3.6.3 Elliptic Type
127(1)
3.6.4 Equations of Mixed Type
127(1)
3.6.5 Elaboration on Characteristics
128(2)
3.7 Hyperbolic PDEs
130(1)
3.8 Parabolic PDEs
131(1)
3.9 Elliptic PDEs
132(1)
3.10 Boundary Conditions
133(5)
3.11 Using and Simplifying These Equations: High- to Low-Fidelity Flowfield Models
138(1)
3.12 Inviscid Flow Models
138(9)
3.12.1 Potential Flow
139(2)
3.12.2 Small Disturbance Expansion of the Full Potential and Energy Equation
141(3)
3.12.3 Transonic Small Disturbance Equation
144(1)
3.12.4 Prandtl-Glauert Equation
145(1)
3.12.5 Incompressible Irrotational Flow: Laplace's Equation
146(1)
3.13 Viscous Flow Models
147(8)
3.13.1 Thin-Layer Navier-Stokes Equations
149(3)
3.13.2 Parabolized Navier-Stokes Equations
152(1)
3.13.3 Boundary-Layer Equations
153(2)
3.14 Examples of Zones of Application
155(1)
3.15 Requirements for a Complete Problem Formulation
156(1)
3.16 Exercises
157(1)
3.17 References
158(3)
4 Getting Ready for Computational Aerodynamics: Aerodynamic Concepts 161(103)
4.1 Introduction
162(1)
4.2 Review of Potential Flow Theory
163(5)
4.2.1 Vorticity
164(3)
4.2.2 Simplified Equations of Motion
167(1)
4.3 Potential Flow Applications
168(9)
4.3.1 Flow Over a Circular Cylinder
169(4)
4.3.2 Flow Over a Circular Cylinder with Circulation
173(4)
4.4 Applications to Airfoils
177(2)
4.4.1 Conformal Mapping
177(1)
4.4.2 Singularity Distribution Approaches
178(1)
4.4.3 Kutta Condition
178(1)
4.5 Boundary Layers and Viscous Effects
179(9)
4.5.1 Boundary Layer Concepts
179(5)
4.5.1.1 Laminar Boundary Layers
180(1)
4.5.1.2 Turbulent Boundary Layers
181(1)
4.5.1.3 Relative Features of Boundary Layers
182(2)
4.5.2 Skin Friction Estimation
184(4)
4.6 Airfoil Aerodynamics
188(20)
4.6.1 Airfoil Terminology
189(1)
4.6.2 Forces and Moments on an Airfoil
189(3)
4.6.3 Airfoil Aerodynamic Coefficients
192(1)
4.6.4 Airfoil Lift and Drag Variations
192(3)
4.6.5 NACA Airfoil Families
195(1)
4.6.6 How to Use NACA Airfoil Data
196(2)
4.6.7 Factors That Affect Airfoil Aerodynamics
198(1)
4.6.7.1 Reynolds Number
198(1)
4.6.7.2 Camber
198(1)
4.6.7.3 Thickness
199(1)
4.6.8 How Airfoils Work
199(5)
4.6.9 Thin Airfoil Theory
204(4)
4.7 Wing Aerodynamics
208(14)
4.7.1 Wing Terminology
209(1)
4.7.2 Wing Aerodynamic Coefficients
210(1)
4.7.3 The Vortex Filament
211(2)
4.7.4 Prandtl's Lifting Line Theory
213(5)
4.7.5 Subsonic Compressibility Effects
218(4)
4.8 Transonic Aerodynamics
222(15)
4.8.1 Transonic Theories
227(1)
4.8.2 Supercritical Airfoils
227(2)
4.8.3 Korn Airfoil Equation
229(1)
4.8.4 Wing Sweep
230(5)
4.8.5 Korn Wing Equation
235(2)
4.9 Supersonic Aerodynamics
237(12)
4.9.1 Supersonic Linear Theory and Airfoil Aerodynamics
240(5)
4.9.2 Volumetric Wave Drag
245(2)
4.9.3 Wing Aerodynamics
247(2)
4.10 Hypersonic Aerodynamics
249(9)
4.10.1 Importance of Temperature in Hypersonic Flow
250(2)
4.10.2 Newtonian and Modified Newtonian Flow Theory
252(1)
4.10.3 Aerodynamic Heating
253(2)
4.10.4 Engine/Airframe Integration
255(3)
4.11 Exercises
258(6)
4.12 Projects
259(1)
4.13 References
260(4)
5 Classical Linear Theory Computational Aerodynamics 264(86)
5.1 Introduction
265(2)
5.2 Panel Methods
267(38)
5.2.1 The Integral Equation for the Potential
269(8)
5.2.2 An Example of a Panel Code: The Classic Hess and Smith Method
277(4)
5.2.3 Program PANEL
281(9)
5.2.4 Geometry and Design
290(2)
5.2.4.1 Effects of Shape Changes on Pressure Distributions
291(1)
5.2.4.2 Shape for a Specified Pressure Distribution
291(1)
5.2.5 Issues in the Problem Formulation for 3D Potential Flow Over Aircraft
292(2)
5.2.6 Example Applications of Panel Methods
294(5)
5.2.7 Using Panel Methods
299(2)
5.2.7.1 Commonsense Rules for Panels
301(1)
5.2.7.2 What a Panel Method Can and Cannot Do
301(1)
5.2.8 Advanced Panel Methods: What Is a "Higher Order" Panel Method?
301(1)
5.2.9 Current Standard Panel Method Programs: A Brief Survey
302(2)
5.2.9.1 PAN AIR
302(1)
5.2.9.2 VSAERO
302(2)
5.2.9.3 Woodward Code
304(1)
5.2.9.4 PMARC
304(1)
5.3 Vortex Lattice Methods
305(34)
5.3.1 Boundary Conditions on the Mean Surface and the Pressure Relation
307(10)
5.3.1.1 Linearized Form of the Boundary Condition
309(1)
5.3.1.2 Transfer of the Boundary Conditions
310(1)
5.3.1.3 Decomposition of Boundary Conditions into Camber/Thickness/Alpha
311(1)
5.3.1.4 Thin Airfoil Theory Pressure Relation
312(1)
5.3.1.5 Ac due to Camber/Alpha (Thickness Effects Cancel!)
313(4)
5.3.2 The Classical Vortex Lattice Method
317(6)
5.3.3 Examples of the Use and Accuracy of the Vortex Lattice Method
323(11)
5.3.3.1 The Warren 12 Test Case
323(2)
5.3.3.2 Isolated Swept Wing
325(1)
5.3.3.3 Wing-Body-Tail
326(2)
5.3.3.4 Control Surface Deflection
328(1)
5.3.3.5 Pitch and Roll Damping Estimation
328(1)
5.3.3.6 Slender Lifting Body Results
329(2)
5.3.3.7 Non-Planar Results
331(1)
5.3.3.8 Ground Effects and Dihedral Effects
332(2)
5.3.4 Inverse Design Methods and Program DesCam
334(2)
5.3.5 Alternate and Advanced VLM Methods
336(1)
5.3.6 Unsteady Flow Extension
337(1)
5.3.7 Vortex Lattice Method Summary
338(1)
5.4 Projects
339(5)
5.5 References
344(6)
6 Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics 350(98)
6.1 Introduction
351(2)
6.2 Options for Numerically Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations
353(5)
6.2.1 Finite Difference Methods
354(1)
6.2.2 Finite Volume Methods
355(1)
6.2.3 Finite Element/Pseudo Spectral Methods
356(2)
6.3 Approximations to Derivatives
358(1)
6.4 Finite Difference Methods
359(8)
6.5 Representing Partial Differential Equations
367(4)
6.5.1 Discretization
369(1)
6.5.2 Consistency
370(1)
6.5.3 Stability
370(1)
6.5.4 Convergence
370(1)
6.6 Stability Analysis
371(6)
6.6.1 Fourier or Von Neumann Stability Analysis
372(2)
6.6.2 Examples of Stability and Instability
374(3)
6.7 The Wave Equation
377(6)
6.7.1 Forward Difference in x
379(1)
6.7.2 Central Difference in x
379(1)
6.7.3 Backward Difference in x
379(1)
6.7.4 Lax Method
380(1)
6.7.5 Lax-Wendroff Method
381(1)
6.7.6 MacCormack Method
381(2)
6.8 Truncation Error Analysis of the Wave Equation: The Modified Equation
383(2)
6.9 The Heat Equation
385(4)
6.9.1 Explicit Scheme
386(1)
6.9.2 Implicit Scheme
387(2)
6.10 Laplace's Equation
389(2)
6.11 The Finite Volume Method
391(5)
6.12 Time Integration and Differences
396(7)
6.12.1 Explicit Time Integration
397(3)
6.12.1.1 First-Order Time Accuracy
397(1)
6.12.1.2 Second-Order Time Accuracy
398(1)
6.12.1.3 General Form of Backward Time Difference
398(1)
6.12.1.4 Runge-Kutta Time Integration
399(1)
6.12.2 Implicit Time Integration
400(1)
6.12.3 Subiterations
401(1)
6.12.4 Solution Method for Time Integration
402(1)
6.13 Boundary Conditions
403(7)
6.13.1 Farfield Boundary Conditions
403(2)
6.13.2 Solid Wall Boundary Conditions
405(4)
6.13.3 Numerical Representation of Boundary Conditions
409(1)
6.14 Solution of Algebraic Equations
410(11)
6.14.1 Dense Matrix
411(1)
6.14.2 Sparse and Banded Matrix
411(1)
6.14.3 General Sparse Matrix
412(1)
6.14.4 Point Jacobi and Point Gauss-Seidel
413(1)
6.14.5 Gauss-Seidel and Successive Over-Relaxation
413(2)
6.14.6 Successive Line Over-Relaxation
415(1)
6.14.7 Approximate Factorization
416(4)
6.14.8 Multigrid Method
420(1)
6.14.9 The Delta Form
421(1)
6.15 Program THINFOIL
421(4)
6.16 Modern Methods
425(14)
6.16.1 Finite Difference Methods
425(3)
6.16.2 Higher-Order Methods
428(2)
6.16.3 Finite Volume Methods
430(9)
6.17 Projects
439(4)
6.18 References
443(5)
7 Geometry and Grids: Key Considerations in Computational Aerodynamics 448(91)
7.1 Introduction
449(1)
7.2 Surface Shape Development: Lofting Techniques
449(5)
7.3 Computational Grid Overview
454(1)
7.4 Grid or Mesh Types
455(8)
7.5 Structured Grids
463(5)
7.5.1 Topologies
463(5)
7.6 Methods for Creating Structured Grids
468(13)
7.6.1 Algebraic Grid Generation and Stretching/Clustering
472(3)
7.6.2 Conformal Transformation
475(2)
7.6.3 Elliptic Grid Generation
477(3)
7.6.4 Hyperbolic Grid Generation
480(1)
7.7 Unstructured Meshes
481(3)
7.7.1 Cell Types
482(2)
7.8 Methods for Creating Unstructured Meshes
484(5)
7.8.1 Delaunay Triangulation
484(2)
7.8.2 Advancing Front/Advancing Layer
486(2)
7.8.3 Octree
488(1)
7.9 Cartesian Grids
489(4)
7.10 Grid Adaption
493(4)
7.11 Grid Properties that Affect Solution Accuracy
497(16)
7.11.1 Outer Boundary Size
497(2)
7.11.2 Structured Cell Geometry
499(6)
7.11.2.1 Jacobian
499(1)
7.11.2.2 Cell Shape
500(1)
7.11.2.3 Cell Orthogonality at a Surface Boundary
501(1)
7.11.2.4 Cell Stretching
502(3)
7.11.3 Unstructured Cell Geometry
505(6)
7.11.3.1 Flow Alignment and Boundary Layer Gradients
505(1)
7.11.3.2 Cell Planarness
506(2)
7.11.3.3 Cell Skew and Smoothness
508(2)
7.11.3.4 Cell Isotropy and Spacing
510(1)
7.11.4 Viscous Grid Requirements
511(2)
7.12 Grid Sensitivity Studies
513(3)
7.13 Examples of Grids for Complex Geometries
516(9)
7.13.1 Ranger Jet Aircraft Inviscid Block-structured Grid
516(2)
7.13.2 X-31 Viscous Block Structured Grid
518(2)
7.13.3 Block Structured Grid for Helicopter with Sliding Interface Rotor
520(1)
7.13.4 Unstructured High Lift Commercial Transport
520(2)
7.13.5 Unstructured Mesh for Aircraft with Stores
522(1)
7.13.6 C-130 Unstructured Chimera Mesh with Ring-Slot Parachute
522(2)
7.13.7 V-22 Rotorcraft with Cartesian Overset Grids
524(1)
7.14 Current Grid Generation Software and Data Structures
525(3)
7.15 Projects
528(2)
7.16 References
530(9)
8 Viscosity and Turbulence Modeling 539(78)
8.1 Introduction
540(1)
8.2 Types of Viscous Effects
540(3)
8.3 Laminar Flow
543(2)
8.4 Transition
545(9)
8.5 Turbulent Flow
554(1)
8.6 Characteristics of Turbulence
555(5)
8.7 Turbulence Modeling Approaches
560(3)
8.8 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)
563(27)
8.8.1 Mass-Weighted Averaging
566(1)
8.8.2 Taxonomy of Turbulence Models
567(2)
8.8.3 Prandtl's Mixing-Length Theory - An Example of a Zero-Equation Model
569(3)
8.8.4 Examples of the Use of Various RANS Models
572(11)
8.8.5 FLOMANIA Project Results
583(1)
8.8.6 AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop results
584(6)
8.9 Large-Eddy Simulation
590(5)
8.9.1 Spatial Filtering
591(1)
8.9.2 Subgrid Scale Models
592(1)
8.9.3 Example LES Applications
593(2)
8.10 Hybrid Approach (RANS/LES)
595(12)
8.10.1 Detached-Eddy Simulation
596(3)
8.10.2 Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation
599(3)
8.10.3 Improved Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation
602(1)
8.10.4 DESider Results
603(4)
8.11 Direct Numerical Simulation
607(3)
8.12 References
610(7)
9 Flow Visualization: The Art of Computational Aerodynamics 617(45)
9.1 Introduction
618(2)
9.2 Flow Visualization Background
620(7)
9.3 How Flow Visualization Works
627(7)
9.3.1 Smooth Contour Lines
628(2)
9.3.2 Three-Dimensional Vector Plots
630(1)
9.3.3 Streamlines
631(1)
9.3.4 Flow Function Computation
632(2)
9.4 How to View Scalar Properties
634(3)
9.5 How to View Vector Properties
637(13)
9.5.1 Commonly Used Vectors in Fluid Dynamics and Flow Visualization
637(3)
9.5.1.1 Vorticity
638(1)
9.5.1.2 Helicity Density and Relative Helicity
638(1)
9.5.1.3 Q-Criterion
639(1)
9.5.1.4 Shear Stress Vector
639(1)
9.5.2 Examples of vector flow visualization
640(7)
9.5.2.1 Vector Arrows
640(1)
9.5.2.2 Streamline/Stream Ribbons
641(2)
9.5.2.3 Vortex Visualization Using Vector Magnitudes
643(3)
9.5.2.4 Vortex Visualization Using the Q-Criterion
646(1)
9.5.2.5 Vortex Visualization Using Vortex Tracking
647(1)
9.5.3 Skin Friction Lines
647(3)
9.6 Newer Flow Visualization Approaches
650(9)
9.6.1 Line Integral Convolution
650(1)
9.6.2 Numerical Schlieren
651(2)
9.6.3 Feature Extraction
653(4)
9.6.4 Unsteady Flow and Movies
657(2)
9.7 Projects
659(1)
9.8 References
659(3)
10 Applications of Computational Aerodynamics 662(69)
10.1 Introduction
663(1)
10.2 Getting to Know Flowfields
663(6)
10.3 Transonic Aerodynamics Prediction
669(11)
10.3.1 Brief Review of Methodology Development for Transonic Flow Calculations
669(1)
10.3.2 Airfoils
670(2)
10.3.3 Wings
672(1)
10.3.4 Drag Prediction
673(3)
10.3.5 Fighter Aircraft Design
676(4)
10.4 Supersonic Aerodynamics Prediction
680(10)
10.4.1 Initial Application of CFD at Supersonic Speeds
680(3)
10.4.2 Application of CFD to a Supersonic Configuration
683(2)
10.4.3 Application to Low Sonic Boom Aircraft Design
685(5)
10.5 Hypersonic Aerodynamics Prediction
690(6)
10.6 Aerodynamic Design and MDO
696(8)
10.6.1 High Speed Civil Transport Example
699(2)
10.6.2 Truss-Braced Wing Example
701(3)
10.7 Integration of Computational and Experimental Work
704(14)
10.7.1 Pros and Cons of Experiments
704(1)
10.7.2 Pros and Cons of Computations
705(1)
10.7.3 Delta Wing with Periodic Suction and Blowing for Flow Control
706(2)
10.7.4 Pitching UCAV Configuration
708(3)
10.7.5 C-130 Airdrop Configuration
711(1)
10.7.6 Closed-Loop Flow Control
712(4)
10.7.7 Data Assimilation
716(2)
10.8 Current Applications of Potential Flow Codes
718(3)
10.8.1 Compressible Vortex Lattice Method
719(1)
10.8.2 Transonic Lifting-Line Method
719(1)
10.8.3 Unsteady Vortex-Lattice Method for Aeroelasticity
720(1)
10.8.4 Meshless Full Potential Solver
721(1)
10.9 The Future of Computational Aerodynamics
721(3)
10.10 Projects
724(1)
10.11 References
724(7)
Appendix A Geometry for Aerodynamicists 731(35)
Appendix B Sources of Experimental Data for Code Validation 766(10)
Appendix C Potential Flow Review 776(14)
Appendix D Computational Aerodynamics Programs 790(12)
Appendix E Structured Grid Transformations 802(6)
Appendix F Commonly Used Turbulence Models 808(15)
Glossary 823(10)
Index 833
Russell M. Cummings is a professor of aeronautics at the US Air Force Academy, where he teaches fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, and numerical methods, in addition to computational aerodynamics. Professor Cummings is the coauthor of Aerodynamics for Engineers, 6th edition, and is also professor emeritus of aerospace engineering at California Polytechnic State University. Professor Cummings has specialized in high angle of attack aerodynamics and manoeuvring aircraft simulation for most of his career. William H. Mason is a professor emeritus of aerospace engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. As a member of the Virginia Tech community since 1989, Mason has advised many undergraduate and graduate students in the aerospace engineering degree program and has served as graduate advisor for twenty-three master's thesis students and nine doctoral students. In addition, he advised numerous undergraduate aircraft-design teams, with nine first-place honors in international design competitions and ten second- or third-place honors. He was the advisor to the Virginia Tech student chapter of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and to the Design Build Fly Team. Scott A. Morton is a researcher at the University of Dayton Research Institute and is the principal software developer for the Kestrel Fixed Wing Aircraft Product of the Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and Environments (CREATE) Program, part of the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office. He leads a team of thirteen aerodynamicists, structural dynamicists and software engineers in a twelve year project to produce a production quality tool integrating aerodynamics, dynamic stability and control, structures, propulsion, and store and cargo separation into a single simulation on a peta-flop class machine. Dr Morton served as a professor of aeronautics at the US Air Force Academy from 1998 to 2006, at which time he retired from the Air Force at the rank of Lt Colonel. Dr Morton has specialized in the areas of high angle of attack aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, and computational stability and control in his twenty-nine-year career. David R. McDaniel began his career serving in the US Air Force conducting flight tests to assess the stability and control characteristics of various military aircraft. He later taught aerodynamics and thermodynamics at the US Air Force Academy where he first entered into the world of computational aerodynamics. He worked as a researcher in the Aeronautics Lab at the Academy for several years developing computational techniques for simulating various multidisciplinary problems. Dr McDaniel currently is a Research Associate Professor at the University of Alabama, Birmingham where he works on the Kestrel fixed-wing product development team as part of the CREATE effort managed by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program.