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E-raamat: Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts

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(Hersch Lauterpacht Chair in Public International Law, Hebrew University, Jerusalem)
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Are international courts effective tools for international governance? Do they fulfill the expectations that led to their creation and empowerment? Why do some courts appear to be more effective than others, and do so such appearances reflect reality? Could their results have been produced by other mechanisms? This book evaluates the effectiveness of international courts and tribunals by comparing their stated goals to the actual outcomes they achieve. Using a theoretical model borrowed from social science, the book assesses their effectiveness by analysing key empirical data.

Its first part is dedicated to theory and methodology, laying out the effectiveness model, explaining its different components, its promise and limits, and discussing the measurement challenges it faces. The second part analyses the role that indicators such as jurisdiction, judicial independence, legitimacy, and compliance play in achieving effectiveness. Part three applies the effectiveness model to the International Court of Justice, the WTO dispute settlement mechanisms (panels and Appellate Body), the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and Yugoslavia, the European Court of Human Rights, and the European Court of Justice, reflecting the diversity of the field of international adjudication. Given the recent proliferation of international courts and tribunals, this book makes an important contribution towards understanding and measuring the value that these institutions provide.

Arvustused

In Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts, Shany proposes an analytical framework for assessing the effectiveness of international courts. A critical insight that Shany's book offers is that traditional definitions of effectiveness in the literature of internationallaw contain an "Achilles heel". Indeed, Shany exposes the weaknesses of traditional monolithiceffectiveness analyses by encouraging us to zoom in on the context and nuances that those traditional indicators hide. * Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, The American Journal of International Law30/04/2015 * It will be apparent that Professor Shany's book is an extremely far-reaching and exhaustive study; and it is not possible, within the bounds of a brief review, to give more than some indication of the extensive research and carefully weighed conclusions that it contains ... For lawyers, ... particularly those concerned with the work of international courts, the great merit of the book is that it guides the reader to look beyond a courts judgments and opinions, and form a realistic picture of the actual impact beyond the courtroom that these may make in Professor Shanys apt terminology (p. 53), to look beyond the output of the court, and discern and assess the outcome. * Hugh Thirlway, Formerly Principal Legal Secretary, International Court of Justice; Formerly Professor of International Law, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva *

Table of Cases
xiii
Introduction 1(1)
Empirical Scholarship on International Courts 1(3)
Existing Definitions of Effectiveness 4(2)
Effectiveness as Attainment of the Mandate Providers' Goals 6(2)
The Book's Contents 8(5)
I THE GOAL-BASED APPROACH
1 A Goal-Based Approach to Effectiveness Analysis
13(18)
1.1 The Goal-Based Approach
13(4)
1.2 Goal Categories
17(3)
1.3 The Problem of Goal Ambiguity
20(3)
1.4 The Time-Frame Element
23(2)
1.5 Goals v Motives
25(1)
1.6 An Organization's Shared Goals
26(1)
1.7 Broadening the Research Framework: Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness
27(2)
1.8 Conclusions
29(2)
2 The Goals of International Courts
31(18)
2.1 Identifying a Key Constituency: The Mandate Providers
31(6)
2.2 The Generic Goals of International Courts
37(11)
2.3 Conclusions
48(1)
3 Measuring Goal Attainment
49(14)
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 The Use of Operational Categories
50(2)
3.3 Possible Performance Indicators
52(9)
3.4 Conclusions
61(2)
II APPLICATION OF THE GOAL-BASED APPROACH TO JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
Introduction: The Analytical Promise of the Effectiveness Model
63(4)
4 Jurisdictional Powers and Issues of Admissibility
67(30)
4.1 The Concept of Jurisdiction
67(8)
4.2 Goal Attainment and the Scope of Jurisdictional Powers
75(8)
4.3 Issues of Admissibility
83(4)
4.4 Policy Considerations in Decisions on Jurisdiction and Admissibility
87(7)
4.5 Conclusion
94(3)
5 Judicial Independence and Impartiality
97(20)
5.1 Introduction
97(2)
5.2 The Operative Role of Judicial Independence and Impartiality
99(6)
5.3 The Relationship between Judicial Independence and Effectiveness
105(6)
5.4 Constrained Independence in Action: ICTY v NATO, ICTR v Rwanda
111(4)
5.5 Conclusion
115(2)
6 Judgment-Compliance
117(20)
6.1 Introduction
117(2)
6.2 Judgments, Remedies, and Judicial Outcomes
119(4)
6.3 Judgment-Compliance and the Goals of International Courts
123(2)
6.4 Assessing ECtHR Judgment-Compliance
125(5)
6.5 Compliance with ICJ Remedial Orders in the Bosnian Genocide and Avena cases
130(5)
6.6 Conclusions
135(2)
7 Legitimacy
137(24)
7.1 Introduction
137(1)
7.2 Different Understandings of Legitimacy
138(7)
7.3 Operative Categories and the Legitimacy Capital
145(5)
7.4 Links between Legitimacy and Other Key Functions and Features of Adjudication
150(7)
7.5 Conclusions
157(4)
III APPLICATION OF THE GOAL-BASED APPROACH TO SPECIFIC COURTS
8 The International Court of Justice (with Rotem Giladi)
161(28)
8.1 Introduction
161(3)
8.2 The Goals of the ICJ
164(5)
8.3 Factors Controlling Judicial Outcomes
169(11)
8.4 Outcomes
180(7)
8.5 Conclusions
187(2)
9 The WTO Dispute Settlement System (with Sivan Shlomo-Agon)
189(34)
9.1 Introduction
189(2)
9.2 The Goals of the WTO Dispute Settlement System
191(6)
9.3 Factors Controlling Judicial Outcomes
197(17)
9.4 Judicial Outcomes
214(7)
9.5 Conclusions
221(2)
10 The International Criminal Court (with Sigall Horovitz and Gilad Noam)
223(30)
10.1 Introduction
223(3)
10.2 The Goals of the ICC
226(11)
10.3 Factors Controlling Judicial Outcomes
237(11)
10.4 Outcomes
248(4)
10.5 Conclusions
252(1)
11 The European Court of Human Rights (with Henry Lovat)
253(24)
11.1 Introduction
253(3)
11.2 The Goals of the ECtHR
256(5)
11.3 Factors Controlling Judicial Outcomes
261(10)
11.4 Outcomes
271(5)
11.5 Conclusions
276(1)
12 The Court of Justice of the European Union (with Thorbjorn Bjornsson)
277(30)
12.1 Introduction
277(2)
12.2 The Goals of the CJEU
279(9)
12.3 Factors Controlling Judicial Outcomes
288(14)
12.4 Outcomes
302(3)
12.5 Conclusions
305(2)
Conclusions 307(6)
Index 313
Prof. Yuval Shany is the Hersch Lauterpacht Chair in International Law at the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He also serves currently as the academic director of the Minerva Center for Human Rights, a director in the International Law Forum at the Hebrew University, and the Project on International Courts and Tribunals (PICT) and a member of the steering committee of the DOMAC project (assessing the impact of international courts on domestic criminal procedures in mass atrocity cases). Shany has degrees in law from the Hebrew University (LL.B, 1995 cum laude), New York University (LL.M., 1997), and the University of London (Ph.D., 2001) and he has published a number of books and articles on international courts and arbitration tribunals and other international law issues such as international human rights and international humanitarian law.
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