Muutke küpsiste eelistusi
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
  • Hind: 59,80 €*
  • * hind on lõplik, st. muud allahindlused enam ei rakendu
  • Lisa ostukorvi
  • Lisa soovinimekirja
  • See e-raamat on mõeldud ainult isiklikuks kasutamiseks. E-raamatuid ei saa tagastada.
  • Formaat: 232 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jun-2011
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309156080

DRM piirangud

  • Kopeerimine (copy/paste):

    ei ole lubatud

  • Printimine:

    ei ole lubatud

  • Kasutamine:

    Digitaalõiguste kaitse (DRM)
    Kirjastus on väljastanud selle e-raamatu krüpteeritud kujul, mis tähendab, et selle lugemiseks peate installeerima spetsiaalse tarkvara. Samuti peate looma endale  Adobe ID Rohkem infot siin. E-raamatut saab lugeda 1 kasutaja ning alla laadida kuni 6'de seadmesse (kõik autoriseeritud sama Adobe ID-ga).

    Vajalik tarkvara
    Mobiilsetes seadmetes (telefon või tahvelarvuti) lugemiseks peate installeerima selle tasuta rakenduse: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    PC või Mac seadmes lugemiseks peate installima Adobe Digital Editionsi (Seeon tasuta rakendus spetsiaalselt e-raamatute lugemiseks. Seda ei tohi segamini ajada Adober Reader'iga, mis tõenäoliselt on juba teie arvutisse installeeritud )

    Seda e-raamatut ei saa lugeda Amazon Kindle's. 

Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid.





According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle.





The book focuses on fuel consumptionthe amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distancebecause energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals of Fuel Consumption 3 Cost Estimation 4 Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engines 5 Compression-Ignition Diesel Engines 6 Hybrid Power Trains 7 Non-Engine Technologies 8 Modeling Improvements in Vehicle Fuel Consumption 9 Application of Vehicle Technologies to Vehicle Classes Appendixes Appendix A: Committee Biographies Appendix B: Statement of Task Appendix C: List of Presentations at Public Committee Meetings Appendix D: Select Acronyms Appendix E: Comparison of Fuel Consumption and Fuel Economy Appendix F: Review of Estimate of Retail Price Equivalent Markup Factors Appendix G: Compression-Ignition Engine Replacement for Full-Size Pickup/SUV Appendix H:Other NRC Assessments of Benefits, Costs, and Readiness of Fuel Economy Technologies Appendix I: Results of Other Major Studies Appendix J: Probabilities in Estimation of Fuel Consumption Benefits and Costs Appendix K: Model Description and Results for the EEA-ICF Model
Summary 1(8)
1 Introduction 9(3)
Current Policy Context and Motivation,
9(1)
Statement of Task,
10(1)
Contents of This Report,
10(1)
References,
11(1)
2 Fundamentals Of Fuel Consumption 12(12)
Introduction,
12(1)
Fuel Consumption and Fuel Economy,
12(2)
Engines,
14(2)
Fuels,
16(1)
Fuel Economy Testing and Regulations,
17(1)
Customer Expectations,
18(1)
Tractive Force and Tractive Energy,
19(2)
Detailed Vehicle Simulation,
21(1)
Findings and Recommendations,
22(1)
References,
23(1)
3 Cost Estimation 24(14)
Introduction,
24(1)
Premises,
25(1)
Components of Cost,
26(1)
Factors Affecting Costs over Time and Across Manufacturers,
27(1)
Methods of Estimating Costs,
28(4)
Retail Price Equivalent Markup Factors,
32(4)
Findings,
36(1)
References,
36(2)
4 Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engines 38(23)
Introduction,
38(1)
SI Engine Efficiency Fundamentals,
38(2)
Thermodynamic Factors,
40(1)
Valve-Event Modulation of Gas-Exchange Processes,
40(8)
Gasoline Direct Injection,
48(1)
Downsized Engines with Turbocharging,
49(3)
Engine Friction Reduction Efforts,
52(1)
Engine Heat Management,
53(1)
Homogeneous-Charge Compression Ignition,
54(1)
Combustion Restart,
54(1)
Ethanol Direct Injection,
54(1)
Findings,
55(1)
Bibliography,
56(2)
Annex,
58(3)
5 Compression-Ignition Diesel Engines 61(23)
Introduction,
61(1)
Technologies Affecting Fuel Consumption,
62(6)
Fuel Consumption Reduction Potential,
68(4)
Technology Readiness/Sequencing,
72(1)
Technology Cost Estimates,
73(7)
Findings,
80(2)
References,
82(1)
Annex,
83(1)
6 Hybrid Power Trains 84(15)
Introduction,
84(1)
Hybrid Power Train Systems,
84(4)
Battery Technology,
88(3)
Power Electronics,
91(1)
Rotating Electrical Machines and Controllers,
91(2)
Cost Estimates,
93(1)
Fuel Consumption Benefits of Hybrid Architectures,
94(1)
Fuel Cell Vehicles,
95(1)
Findings,
95(1)
References,
96(1)
Annex,
97(2)
7 Non-Engine Technologies 99(19)
Introduction,
99(1)
Non-Engine Technologies Considered in This Study,
99(7)
Fuel Consumption Benefits of Non-Engine Technologies,
106(3)
Timing Considerations for Introducing New Technologies,
109(2)
Costs of Non-Engine Technologies,
111(3)
Summary,
114(2)
Findings,
116(1)
References,
116(2)
8 Modeling Improvements In Vehicle Fuel Consumption 118(20)
Introduction,
118(1)
Challenges in Modeling Vehicle Fuel Consumption,
119(1)
Methodology of the 2002 National Research Council Report,
119(4)
Modeling Using Partial Discrete Approximation Method,
123(8)
Modeling Using Full System Simulation,
131(2)
An Analysis of Synergistic Effects Among Technologies Using Full System Simulation,
133(2)
Findings,
135(1)
References,
136(2)
9 Application Of Vehicle Technologies To Vehicle Classis 138(21)
Introduction,
138(1)
Developing Baseline Vehicle Classes,
138(2)
Estimation of Fuel Consumption Benefits,
140(1)
Applicability of Technologies to Vehicle Classes,
141(1)
Estimating Incremental Costs Associated with Technology Evolution,
141(3)
Assessing Potential Technology Sequencing Paths,
144(9)
Improvements to Modeling of Multiple Fuel Economy Technologies,
153(2)
Findings and Recommendation,
155(1)
Bibliography,
156(3)
Appendixes
A Committee Biographies
159(4)
B Statement of Task
163(2)
C List of Presentations at Public Committee Meetings
165(2)
D Select Acronyms
167(2)
E Comparison of Fuel Consumption and Fuel Economy
169(2)
F Review of Estimate of Retail Price Equivalent Markup Factors
171(6)
G Compression-Ignition Engine Replacement for Full-Size Pickup/SUV
177(4)
H Other NRC Assessments of Benefits, Costs, and Readiness of Fuel Economy Technologies
181(8)
I Results of Other Major Studies
189(19)
J Probabilities in Estimations of Fuel Consumption Benefits and Costs
208(2)
K Model Description and Results for the EEA-ICF Model
210