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E-raamat: Assessments, Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease: The Neuroscience of Aging

Edited by , Edited by (Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kings College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Lif), Edited by (Visiting Professor of Perinatal Wellbeing, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128180013
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Assessments, Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease: The Neuroscience of AgingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128180013
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Assessments, Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease: The Neuroscience of Aging is a comprehensive reference on the diagnosis and management of neurological aging and associated disorders. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological aging and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the aging of neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the interactions between genetics, epigenetics and other micro-environmental processes. It also examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of age-related conditions that affect the brain, including Alzheimer’s, stroke and multiple sclerosis.

  • Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics related to the neuroscience of aging
  • Features sections on diagnosis and biomarkers of neurological aging, Alzheimer’s and stroke
  • Contains an abstract, key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points in each chapter
  • Focuses on neurological diseases and conditions linked to aging, environmental factors and clinical recommendations
  • Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables

Arvustused

"This book is unique in its approach to a myriad of topics in aging. I agree with the authors that most books tend to be highly specialized and do not cover the valuable number of topics addressed by this book. I commend them for achieving their objectives. They do so at the expense of not fully tackling any specific topic(s), but this makes the book very useful for a larger audience. I am not aware of a comparable book in this sense." --© Doodys Review Service, 2021, Sasha Alick-Lindstrom, MD, reviewer, expert opinion

Contributors xvii
Preface xxiii
Part I Introductory chapters: Setting the scene for the neuroscience of aging
1 The concept of productive aging
Premchand Dommaraju
Shawn Wong
Mini-dictionary of key terms
3(1)
The concept of productive aging
3(1)
What is productive aging?
3(1)
Work participation
4(2)
Lifelong learning
6(1)
Volunteering
7(1)
Family care
8(1)
Conclusion
9(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
9(1)
Key facts
9(1)
Summary points
9(1)
References
9(4)
2 Quality of life in older people
Timo E. Strandberg
List of abbreviations
13(1)
Introduction: what is quality of life?
13(1)
Dimensions of quality of life
14(1)
Important dimension of QoL--health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
14(1)
How to assess QoL
15(1)
Instruments for measuring QoL and HRQoL
15(2)
Instruments for patients with dementia
17(1)
Problems in assessing QoL in older people
17(1)
Positive aspects of QoL are important in older people
17(1)
Problems in assessing QoL in special subgroups of older people
18(1)
Experience of various QoL instruments among older people
18(1)
Key facts of quality of life in older people
18(1)
Summary points
18(1)
References
19(2)
3 Successful aging and diet
Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou
Duane D. Mellor
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
List of abbreviations
21(1)
Introduction
21(1)
Defining successful aging
21(1)
Aging and lifestyle
22(1)
Diet, cognition, and mental health
22(1)
Diet, physical and cardiometabolic health
23(1)
Sarcopenia, musculoskeletal and bone health
24(1)
Aging meaningfully
24(1)
Discussion
25(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
26(1)
Summary points
26(1)
References
26(3)
4 The impact of positive social relations on the quality of life of older people. An alternative to medicalization from an integral perspective
Luis Miguel Rondan Garcia
Rosa Raquel Ruiz Trascastro
List of abbreviations
29(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
29(1)
Introduction. Positive aging as a strategy for the current scenario
29(5)
Quality of life as a link between health from a physical and social point of view
30(1)
Social relations as a metavariable that prevents illness and fosters the cognitive reserves of the elderly
31(3)
The centrality of medication with the elderly: social alternatives to polimedicalization
34(1)
Conclusions
35(1)
References
36(3)
5 The brain in life span: use of phase functional magnetic resonance imaging
Zikuan Chen
Zeyuan Chen
Bihong T. Chen
List of abbreviations
39(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
39(1)
Introduction
39(1)
Complex-valued BOLD fMRI model
40(1)
Brain fMRI data collection
41(1)
Phase fMRI theory
41(1)
Standard magnitude fMRI for brain study
41(1)
Phase fMRI image processing and ICA decomposition
41(1)
Phase fMRI functional connectivity analysis
42(1)
Whole brain FC balance (mean(FC)~0)
43(1)
Aging effect on individual FC elements
44(1)
Aging effect on whole FC average
44(2)
Maxmin age correlations with FC
46(1)
Significant age correlations with FC
46(2)
Limitations and future research
48(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
48(1)
Key facts of brain functional connectivity aging
49(1)
Summary points
49(1)
Acknowledgments
50(1)
References
50(3)
6 Neuronal structure in aging: cytoskeleton in health and disease
Daniele Cartelli
Mini-dictionary of terms
53(1)
Introduction
53(1)
Neuronal cytoskeleton and axonal transport
54(1)
Aging and neurodegeneration
55(4)
Application to other areas of aging
55(1)
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
56(1)
Parkinson's disease and motor disorders
57(1)
Charcot--Marie--Tooth disease and other neuropathies
58(1)
Cytoskeleton rejuvenation and axon regeneration
59(1)
Closing remarks
60(1)
Key facts
60(1)
Summary points
60(1)
Acknowledgment
61(1)
References
61(4)
7 Sporadic Alzheimer's triad: age, sex, and ApoE
Xin Zhang
Punam Rawal
Long Wu
Liqin Zhao
List of abbreviations
65(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
65(1)
Introduction
66(1)
AD versus normal aging
66(1)
Sex differences in AD
67(1)
ApoE polymorphisms in AD
68(1)
Sex and ApoE interact to influence the risk of developing AD
69(4)
Clinical studies
69(4)
Preclinical studies
73(1)
ApoE genotype modifies efficacy of hormone replacement therapy
73(1)
Clinical studies
73(1)
Preclinical studies
74(1)
Conclusion and future perspectives
74(1)
Key facts of age-sex-ApoE in AD
74(1)
Summary points
74(1)
References
75(4)
8 The moderating effect of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on inhibitory control in elderly individuals
Michel Audiffren
Nathalie Andre
Delphine Fagot
Christian Chicherio
Ce'dric Albinet
List of abbreviations
79(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
79(1)
Introduction
80(1)
Inhibitory control: an important high-level cognitive function
80(1)
Unity and diversity of inhibitory control
80(1)
Two main forms of inhibitory control
81(1)
The effect of aging on inhibitory control
81(1)
BDNF and the gene that codes for its synthesis
82(2)
Moderating role of BDNF polymorphism in cognitive performance
84(1)
The benefit of being a Met carrier during aging
84(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
85(1)
Key facts
85(2)
Key facts about the psychology of aging
85(2)
Key facts about brain plasticity
87(1)
Summary points
87(1)
References
87(4)
9 Alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy options for postmenopausal females: age and gender issues and considerations
Jelena Milic
Janko Zekovic
Dunja Stankic
Ed van Beeck
Janko Samardzic
List of abbreviations
91(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
91(1)
Introduction
91(6)
Understanding the postmenopausal response to alcohol drinking
92(2)
Pharmacotherapy
94(1)
Leading medications
95(1)
Naltrexone
95(1)
Disulfiram
95(1)
Acamprosate
96(1)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
96(1)
Other potential medications as treatment of AUD
97(1)
Nalmefene
97(1)
Topiramate
97(1)
Gabapentin
98(1)
Baclofen
98(1)
Applications to the other areas of aging
98(2)
Key facts of AUD pharmacotherapy
100(1)
Summary points
100(1)
Acknowledgments
101(1)
References
101(2)
10 The aging brain and brain banking
R.C. Jezewski
C.M. Halliday
C.E. Shepherd
List of abbreviations
103(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
103(1)
Introduction
103(1)
Macroscopic age-related brain changes
104(1)
Neurodegenerative pathologies
104(4)
Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change
104(2)
Cerebrovascular changes
106(1)
Lewy body pathology
107(1)
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
107(1)
Age-specific pathologies
108(2)
Primary age-related tauopathy
108(1)
Ageing-related tau astrogliopathy
109(1)
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy
109(1)
Use of aged brain tissue for human brain tissue research
110(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
110(1)
Key facts about aging and pathology
110(1)
Summary points
110(1)
References
111(4)
Part II Impairments and diseases
11 Dementia or no dementia in the elderly. Why?
Lewis H. Kuller
List of abbreviations
115(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
115(1)
Introduction
116(1)
Successful longevity
116(1)
Aging and dementia
117(1)
Alzheimer's disease, dementia
118(1)
Brain vascular disease
118(1)
Pathology of dementia in the elderly
119(1)
Imaging of the brain in vivo
120(1)
Relation between vascular disease and AD
121(1)
Discussion
121(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
122(1)
Key facts of dementia
122(1)
Summary points
123(1)
References
123(4)
12 Neuropsychology, social cognition, and loss of insight in frontotemporal dementia
Fiadhnait O'Keeffe
Derval McCormack
List of abbreviations
127(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
127(1)
Introduction
127(1)
Clinical subtypes of FTD
128(1)
Overlap of FTD and other disorders
128(1)
Pathology
128(1)
Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (BvFTD)
128(1)
Primary progressive aphasias FTD (PPA FTD)
129(1)
Neuropsychology of FTD
130(2)
Social cognition in FTD
132(3)
Loss of insight
133(2)
Interventions
135(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
135(1)
Key facts of FTD
135(1)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
135(1)
Summary points
135(1)
References
136(3)
13 Neuroinflammation and aging
Joao O. Malva
Ricardo Moreira
Beatriz Martins
Joao Novo
Frederico C. Pereira
Ramon Raposo
Reinaldo B. Oria
Carlos Fontes Ribeiro
List of abbreviations
139(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
139(1)
Introduction
140(1)
The neuroinflammatory cascade
140(2)
Cell death and neuroinflammation
142(1)
Neuroinflammation and synaptic function
142(1)
Neuroinflammation and neurogenesis
143(2)
Neuroinflammation and cognition
145(1)
Neuroinflammation and aging
145(1)
Conclusion
146(1)
Applications to "other areas of aging"
146(1)
Key facts
147(1)
Summary points
147(1)
Acknowledgments
148(1)
References
148(5)
14 Cortical microinfarcts and the aging brain
Eniko Kovari
Gabriel Gold
List of abbreviations
153(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
153(1)
Introduction
153(1)
Age-related vascular changes
154(1)
Age-related vascular lesions and their cognitive consequences
154(1)
Cortical microinfarcts
155(4)
Conclusion
159(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
159(1)
Key facts of cortical microinfarcts
160(1)
Summary points
160(1)
References
160(3)
15 Cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative racial/ethnic health disparities
Astrid M. Suchy-Dicey
List of abbreviations
163(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
163(1)
Brain imaging
164(1)
Vascular dementia
164(1)
Risk factors and racial/ethnic groups
164(1)
Associations common to multiple racial/ethnic populations
164(2)
Associations specific to individual racial/ethnic populations
166(1)
Methodologic differences in epidemiologic studies
166(1)
Socioeconomic confounding: access to resources
166(1)
Epidemiologic classification: measurement error
166(1)
Residual differences: mortality and risk
167(1)
Conclusion
167(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
167(1)
Key facts
167(1)
Summary points
167(1)
References
168(5)
16 Hearing loss among the elderly
Gary Jek Cbong Lee
List of abbreviations
173(1)
Epidemiology of hearing loss in older adults
173(1)
Social and psychological impact of hearing loss
173(1)
Overview of the auditory system
174(1)
Peripheral auditory system
174(1)
Central auditory pathway
174(1)
Pathophysiological process associated with presbycusis
175(1)
Peripheral presbycusis
175(1)
Central presbycusis
176(1)
Risk factors for presbycusis
176(1)
Noise exposure
176(1)
Genetics
176(1)
Diabetes mellitus
177(1)
Use of ototoxic drugs
177(1)
Smoking
177(1)
Health impact of hearing loss
177(1)
Tinnitus
177(1)
Dementia
177(1)
Falls and physical functioning
178(1)
Diagnosis of hearing loss
178(1)
Treatment for hearing loss
178(1)
Hearing aids
178(1)
Cochlear implants
179(1)
Auditory training
179(1)
Pharmacological approaches and ongoing areas of research
179(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
180(1)
Summary points
180(1)
References
180(3)
17 Aging auditory cortex: the impact of reduced inhibition on function
Bjorn Herrmann
Blake E. Butler
List of abbreviations
183(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
183(1)
Introduction
183(1)
Anatomy and function of auditory cortex
184(1)
Anatomical organization
184(1)
Functional organization
185(1)
Anatomy in the aged auditory cortex
185(1)
Cortical morphometry
185(1)
Loss of inhibition
185(1)
Function in the aged auditory cortex
185(4)
Hyperexcitability
186(1)
Reduced neural adaptation
186(1)
Periodicity processing
187(1)
Spectral processing
187(1)
Spatial processing
188(1)
Loss of inhibition facilitates neural plasticity
189(1)
Discrepancies between work in animals and humans
189(1)
Conclusion and future directions
189(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
190(1)
Key facts of auditory aging
190(1)
Summary points
190(1)
Acknowledgments
190(1)
References
191(2)
18 Aging and vestibular disorders
Augusto Pietro Casani
Elena Navari
List of abbreviations
193(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
193(1)
Introduction
193(5)
Physiological aspects of aging
194(1)
Vestibular disorders in the elderly
195(3)
Final considerations
198(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
198(1)
Key facts of aging
199(1)
Summary points
199(1)
References
199(4)
19 Brain aging in HIV and retrovirals
Jasmina Boban
Majda M. Thurnber
Dusko Kozic
List of abbreviations
203(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
203(1)
Introduction
204(1)
Diagnostic of HAND
204(1)
Pathogenesis of neurocognitive impairment in HIV
205(1)
Proposed models of brain aging in HIV
206(2)
Treatment and potential preventive measures
208(1)
Practical conclusion
209(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
210(1)
Key facts of brain aging in HIV infection and retrovirals
210(1)
Summary points
210(1)
References
211(2)
20 Methylmercury exposure and its implications for aging
Andrew N. Shen
M. Christopher Newland
List of abbreviations
213(1)
Introduction
213(1)
Chronic human exposure to methylmercury
214(1)
Interaction among mechanisms of methylmercury toxicity and normal aging
214(1)
Calcium homeostasis
214(1)
Oxidative stress
214(1)
Selenium
215(1)
Aging and gestational methylmercury exposure
215(1)
Aging and adult-onset methylmercury exposure
215(5)
DHA does not protect against sensorimotor impairment but benefits aging
215(1)
Selenium protects against select signs of methylmercury toxicity and benefits aging
216(1)
Nimodipine protects against select signs of methylmercury toxicity
217(1)
Age-dependent rescue by nimodipine
218(2)
Application with other areas of aging: methylmercury and neurodegenerative diseases
220(1)
Key facts of methylmercury exposure
221(1)
Summary points
221(1)
References
222(3)
21 Alcohol and the aging brain: increased alcohol sensitivity potentially magnifying oxidative stress
Candice E. Van Skike
Douglas B. Matthews
List of abbreviations
225(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
225(1)
Introduction
225(1)
Increased alcohol sensitivity across the lifespan
226(1)
Alcohol-induced cognitive impairments
227(1)
Chronic alcohol exposure in aged animals
227(1)
Alcohol exposure during adolescence can persist into late life
227(1)
Alcohol negatively affects pathways associated with aging
228(1)
Alcohol alters the rate of cognitive decline
228(1)
Revisiting alcohol's effects on mortality
229(1)
Concluding remarks
229(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
229(1)
Key facts of alcohol and aging
230(1)
References
230(5)
Part III Biomarkers and diagnosis
22 Brain aging: radiological biomarkers
Banu Alicioglu
Hakki Muammer Karakas
List of abbreviations
235(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
235(1)
Introduction
236(1)
Postmitotic nature of the brain
236(1)
Brain atrophy
236(1)
Gray matter
237(1)
White matter
238(1)
The hippocampus
239(1)
Vascular aging
239(1)
Iron accumulation
240(1)
MR spectroscopy
241(3)
Progress to MCI and AD
244(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
245(1)
Key facts of aging brain
245(1)
Summary points
245(1)
References
245(4)
23 ADAM10 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
Mariana Luciano de Almeida
Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
Patricia Regina Manzine
Rafaela Peron
Carlos Roberto Bueno Junior
Ma'rcia Regina Cominetti
List of abbreviations
249(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
249(1)
Introduction
249(1)
Aging, Alzheimer's disease characteristics, and epidemiology
250(1)
Alzheimer's disease pathological hallmarks
250(2)
Biomarkers in CSF and blood
252(1)
ADAM10 structure and functions
253(1)
ADAM10 levels and activity
254(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
255(1)
Key facts of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers
255(1)
Summary points
256(1)
References
256(3)
24 Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of health in elderly individuals
Jonas Mengel-From
List of abbreviations
259(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
259(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
259(5)
Introduction
260(1)
The health of elderly citizens
260(1)
Cognitive decline and beyond
260(1)
microRNA epigenetic signatures
260(2)
microRNA function
262(1)
MiRNA expression, longevity, and aging
262(1)
Circulating miRNAs, cognitive decline, and neurodegeneration
262(1)
Circulating miRNAs and cognitive decline in aging Danish twins
263(1)
miRNA and neuroplasticity
263(1)
Circulating markers and inflammation
264(1)
miRNA in neurodegenerative diseases
264(1)
Summary
264(1)
Key facts
265(1)
Summary points
265(1)
References
265(4)
25 DHEA as a biomarker of aging in humans and nonhuman primates: synthesis, neuroprotection, and cognitive function
Henryk F. Urbanski
List of abbreviations
269(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
269(1)
Introduction
270(1)
Intracrine conversion of DHEA to sex steroid hormones
270(4)
Circulating patterns of DHEA(S) across the day and during aging
271(1)
Oral DHEA supplementation in the elderly
272(1)
DHEA as a biomarker of aging and caloric restriction
273(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
274(1)
Key facts
275(1)
Summary points
276(1)
References
276(3)
26 Evaluation of subjective memory abilities in elderly people
Luigi Trojano
Gabriella Santangelo
Simona Raimo
List of abbreviations
279(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
279(1)
Introduction
279(1)
Definition and relevance of subjective memory complaints
279(1)
Prevalence and predictors
280(1)
Correlates of SMC
280(2)
Subjective memory assessment in the elderly
282(1)
The Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire (MIA)
282(4)
The Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ)
284(1)
The Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q)
284(1)
The Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ)
284(1)
The Prospective and Retrospective Daily Memory Failure Questionnaire (PRMQ)
284(2)
The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ)
286(1)
The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ)
286(1)
Conclusions
286(1)
Application to other areas of aging
287(1)
Key facts of subjective memory abilities
287(1)
Summary points
287(1)
References
287(6)
27 The functional activities questionnaire: applications to aging
Ondrej Bezdicek
List of abbreviations
293(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
293(1)
Introduction
294(1)
Psychometric description of FAQ
295(1)
Applications of FAQ to healthy aging
296(2)
Applications of FAQ to abnormal aging
298(1)
FAQ: applications to other areas of aging
299(1)
Summary points
300(1)
References
300(5)
28 Autobiographical memory as a diagnostic tool in aging
Juan C. Mele'ndez
Encarnacidn Satorres
List of abbreviations
305(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
305(1)
Introduction
305(2)
Temporal distribution of autobiographical memory throughout the life cycle
307(1)
Comparison of autobiographical memory in healthy older adults, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease
308(1)
Autobiographical memory evaluation
309(2)
Applications to other areas of aging
311(1)
Key facts of autobiographical memory
312(1)
Summary points
312(1)
References
312(3)
29 Assessment tools for subjective memory abilities in elderly people
Simona Raimo
Gabriella Santangelo
Luigi Trojano
List of abbreviations
315(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
315(1)
Introduction
315(2)
The memory functioning questionnaire (MFQ)
317(1)
The everyday memory questionnaire (EMQ)
317(5)
The memory complaint questionnaire (MAC-Q)
322(4)
Conclusions
326(1)
Application to other areas of aging
326(1)
Key facts of subjective memory questionnaires
327(1)
Summary points
327(1)
References
327(2)
30 The Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire
Celinda Reese-Melancon
Katie E. Cherry
Erin E. Harrington
List of abbreviations
329(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
329(1)
Introduction
329(1)
Memory aging
329(1)
Measuring memory aging knowledge: the KMAQ
330(5)
Age and individual differences in memory aging knowledge
330(4)
Relevance
334(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
335(1)
Cognition and public health
335(1)
Ageism
335(1)
Educational efforts
336(1)
Clinical implications
337(1)
Conclusion
337(1)
Key facts of knowledge of memory aging
337(1)
Summary points
338(1)
References
338(5)
Part IV Management and treatments
31 Pharmacological use of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel agonists in neurological disease and aging: effects on swallowing and implications for nutrition
Noemi Tomsen
Pere Clave
List of abbreviations
343(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
343(1)
Introduction
344(1)
Transient receptor potential channel family
345(4)
TRPV1
345(1)
TRPA1
345(2)
TRPM8
347(1)
Other TRP
348(1)
Chemical and pharmacological sensory stimulation treatments
349(1)
Capsaicin
349(1)
Piperine
349(1)
Menthol
350(1)
Combination treatment and comparative effect
350(1)
The future of sensory stimulation treatment
350(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
350(1)
Key facts of oropharyngeal dysphagia
351(1)
Summary points
351(1)
References
351(4)
32 Aripiprazole: features and use in the aged
Unax Lertxundi
Rafael Hernandez
Juan Medrano
List of abbreviations
355(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
355(1)
Introduction
356(1)
Clinical pharmacokinetics
356(1)
Interactions
356(1)
Uses of aripiprazole
357(4)
Schizophrenia
357(1)
Bipolar disorder I
357(1)
Major depressive disorder
358(1)
Dementia
358(2)
Parkinson's disease
360(1)
Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia
360(1)
Miscellaneous indications
361(1)
Safety issues
361(1)
Impulse control disorders
361(1)
The problem of the use of the term "month" on pharmacotherapy
361(1)
Aripiprazole as a hazard for the environment
362(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
362(1)
Key facts about antipsychotic use in dementia
363(1)
Summary points
363(1)
References
363(4)
33 Cognition-enhancing drugs and applications to aging
Jelena Milit
Janko Zekovic
Dunja Stankic
Boris Hencic
Jasna Jancic
Janko Samardzic
List of abbreviations
367(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
367(1)
Introduction
368(8)
Cognition
368(1)
Age-related decline in cognition
368(1)
Memory and drugs enhancing memory
369(2)
AchE inhibitors as cognitive enhancers
371(3)
Glutamate NMDA receptor: a focus on memantine
374(1)
The role of the noradrenergic system in cognition
374(1)
Stimulating influence of nicotine and caffeine in cognition
374(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
374(2)
Drugs enhancing cognition in healthy adults
376(1)
Concluding remarks
376(1)
Key facts of cognition enhancing drugs
377(1)
Summary points
377(1)
References
377(2)
34 Creatine supplementation in the aging brain
Marina Yazigi Solis
Eimear Dolan
Guilherme Giannini Artioli
Bruno Gualano
List of abbreviation
379(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
379(1)
Introduction
380(1)
Creatine in brain
381(1)
Aging brain
382(1)
Effect of creatine supplementation on cognitive function
382(2)
Neurodegenerative conditions
384(2)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
384(1)
Huntington's disease
385(1)
Parkinson's disease
385(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
386(1)
Key facts of creatine in aging brain
386(1)
Summary points
387(1)
References
387(2)
35 Photobiomodulation as a brain-boosting strategy in aging
Farzad Salehpour
Marvin H. Berman
Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
List of abbreviations
389(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
390(1)
Introduction
390(1)
PBM in the aging brain: animal studies
391(1)
Behavioral outcomes
391(3)
Molecular outcomes
391(3)
PBM in the aging brain: human studies
394(5)
Healthy subjects
394(5)
PBM in treating neuropathological conditions
399(1)
Conclusions and future outlook
399(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
399(1)
Key facts of photobiomodulation
400(1)
Summary points
400(1)
References
400(3)
36 Innovations in deep brain stimulation in aging: a focus on Parkinson disease
Paolo Amami
List of abbreviations
403(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
403(1)
Introduction
403(8)
DBS programming phase: constant-voltage and constant-current stimulation
404(7)
Conclusion
411(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
411(1)
Key facts
411(1)
Summary points
412(1)
References
412(3)
37 Exergames: what they are and how they can be used to successful aging?
Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
Ana Carolina de Mello Alves Rodrigues
Lai's Francielle Francisca Feli'cio
Luiz Felipe da Silva Figueiredo
Tu'lio Brandao Xavier-Rocha
List of abbreviations
415(1)
Introduction
415(1)
Historical exergame aspects
415(2)
The role of exergames on aging
417(1)
Exergames and mental health perspectives
417(1)
Exergames effects on institutionalized elderly
418(1)
Exergames use by the institutionalized elderly
418(1)
Neurobiological exergames hypotheses: From biomarkers to functional status
419(1)
Musculoskeletal and immune system biological mechanisms
420(1)
Conclusions
420(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
420(2)
Summary points
422(1)
References
422(3)
38 Linking cognitive decline and ballroom dance as a therapeutic intervention in the elderly
Jacqueline C. Dominguez
Maria Clarissa O. del Moral
Ma Fe P. de Guzman
Jeshya A. Chio
List of abbreviations
425(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
426(1)
Introduction
426(8)
Cognitive decline in aging
426(1)
Complexity of ballroom dance
427(1)
Neural networks involved in ballroom dance
428(2)
Physical and observational learning
430(1)
Dancer role and improvisation, communication, and decision-making
430(1)
Music/acoustic stimulation and audiomotor entrainment
431(1)
Social interaction, reward, and emotion
431(1)
Neurocognitive benefits of ballroom dancing in the elderly
431(1)
Ballroom dance as intervention in the cognitively impaired
431(3)
Mechanistic link between ballroom dance and cognition
434(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
434(1)
Key facts of ballroom dance
435(1)
Summary points
435(1)
References
436(3)
39 Training the functionality of daily life. A new neuroscientific paradigm of cognitive training
Carmen Requena
Paula Alvarez-Merino
Francisco Javier Belchi'
Mini-dictionary of terms
439(1)
Introduction
439(1)
Transfer of the training to daily functioning
440(1)
A new neuroscientific paradigm of the evaluation of everyday life
440(2)
Cognitive processes of daily life activities
441(1)
The evaluation of errors and microerrors in daily life activities
441(1)
"Staying activities" versus "staying sharp" to preserve long-term functional autonomy in adulthood
442(1)
Leisure activities for "staying active" in a static environment
442(1)
New activities to "stay sharp" in a dynamic environment
443(1)
Conclusion
443(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
443(1)
Key facts of functionally autonomy
443(1)
Summary points
444(1)
References
444(3)
40 Integrated medical and psychiatric self-management smartphone technologies for older adults with serious mental illness
Karen L. Fortuna
Cynthia Bianco
List of abbreviations
447(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
447(1)
Introduction
447(3)
Definition of oxidative stress
448(1)
Definition of neuroinflammation
448(1)
Definition of telomeres
449(1)
Integrated self-management interventions for older adults with serious mental illness
450(2)
Self-management smartphone technologies for older adults with serious mental illness
450(1)
A novel integrated self-management smartphone technologies for older adults with SMI
450(1)
Considerations for designing smartphone apps for older adults with serious illness
451(1)
Schizophrenia and cognitive impairments
451(1)
Bipolar disorder and cognitive impairments
452(1)
Major depressive disorder and cognitive impairments
452(1)
User-centered design with older adults with SMI
452(2)
Applications to other areas of aging
453(1)
Summary points
454(1)
References
454(5)
41 Psychosocial interventions for suicide prevention in the elderly: advances and future directions
Theresa Ebo
Hannah Reich
Elizabeth Arslanoglou
Claudia Heidenreich
Jody Monkovic
Dimitris Kiosses
List of abbreviations
459(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
459(1)
Introduction
459(1)
Epidemiology and characteristics of late-life suicide
460(1)
Factors associated with suicide in late life
461(2)
Demographic factors and early experiences
461(1)
Personality traits
461(1)
Physical illness and disability
461(1)
Psychiatric illness and previous suicidal behavior
462(1)
Social relations
462(1)
Emotions and cognition in suicide in older adults
462(1)
Psychosocial interventions for suicide prevention
463(2)
Future directions and advances
465(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
466(1)
Key facts of Suicide
466(1)
Key facts of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
466(1)
Summary points
466(1)
References
466(5)
Part V Models and modelling
42 D-galactose-induced aging and brain mitochondria
Fereshteh Farajdokht
Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
Javad Mahmoudi
List of abbreviations
471(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
472(1)
Introduction
472(1)
D-gal model of aging
473(1)
D-gal-induced brain aging
473(2)
Behavioral outcomes
473(1)
Mitochondria-related structural dysfunction
474(1)
Apoptosis
475(1)
Other mechanisms
475(1)
Neuroinflammation
475(1)
Neurogenesis and synaptic function
475(1)
Cholinergic system
476(1)
Conclusion and future directions
476(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
476(1)
Key facts of aging
476(1)
Key facts of D-galactose
476(1)
Summary points
477(1)
References
478(3)
43 Drosophila models of neuronal aging
Victor Lopez del Amo
Andrea Tapia
Maximo Ibo Galindo
List of abbreviations
481(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
481(1)
Introduction
482(4)
Drosophila as a model organism in biomedical research
482(1)
Insulin signaling, dietary restriction, and aging
483(1)
Mitochondria and oxidative stress
484(1)
Brain'ging': RNA levels decrease in old brains
484(1)
Aging brain and mitochondria
485(1)
Aging brain and insulin signaling
486(1)
Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases
486(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
486(1)
Key facts of Drosophila
487(1)
Summary points
488(1)
References
488(3)
44 The zebrafish (Danio rerio) and its uses for understanding the neuroscience of aging: applications and observation
Dilan Celebi-Birand
Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
Narin llgim Ardic-Avci
Hande Ozge Aydogan
Begun Erbaba
Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
Hulusi Kafaligonul
Michelle M. Adams
List of abbreviations
491(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
491(1)
Introduction
492(1)
Zebrafish nervous system organization
492(1)
Neurobehavioral phenotypes
493(1)
Cellular and molecular alterations in the aged brain
494(1)
Neurogenesis and gliogenesis
494(1)
Senescence and molecular alterations in aging zebrafish brain
494(1)
Antiaging interventions: genetic and nongenetic
495(4)
Genetic interventions
495(1)
Nongenetic interventions
496(3)
Zebrafish aging and neurodegenerative disease models
499(1)
Conclusion
500(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
500(1)
Key facts of zebrafish as a model of aging
500(1)
Summary points
500(1)
References
501(4)
45 Murine models of tauopathies: a platform to study neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging
Chazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi
David Westaway
List of abbreviations
505(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
505(1)
Introduction
505(3)
Tau, from gene to protein
506(1)
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tau protein
507(1)
Tau protein in neurodegenerative diseases
507(1)
Animal models of tauopathies
508(1)
Invertebrate models
508(5)
Rodent models
509(4)
What have the models told us so far, and what lies ahead?
513(1)
Application to other areas of aging
513(1)
Key facts about tauopathies
513(1)
Summary points
513(1)
Acknowledgments
513(1)
References
514(3)
46 Modeling nutrition and brain aging in rodents
Devin Wahl
Rahul Gokarn
Samantha M. Solon-Biet
Victoria C. Cogger
Thomas J. LaRocca
David Raubenheimer
Stephen J. Simpson
David G. Le Couteur
List of abbreviations
517(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
517(1)
Introduction
517(1)
Nutrition and the aging brain
517(1)
Caloric restriction caveats and macronutrient ratios
518(1)
The geometric framework
518(5)
Rationale of the geometric framework
520(1)
The GF, health span, and life span
520(3)
Amino acids and brain health during aging
523(1)
Conclusions
523(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
523(1)
Key facts of modeling nutrition and brain aging in rodents
524(1)
Summary points
524(1)
References
524(2)
Further reading
526(1)
47 Nonhuman primates as models for aging and Alzheimer's disease
Melissa K. Edler
Emily L. Munger
Hayley Groetz
Mary Ann Raghanti
List of abbreviations
527(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
527(1)
Introduction
527(1)
Age-related neurological changes in primates
528(1)
Gene expression
528(1)
Volumetric atrophy and cellular changes
529(4)
Cerebrovascular dysfunction
529(1)
Neuroinflammation
529(1)
Cognitive decline
529(1)
Alzheimer's disease pathology in primates
530(2)
Aβ pathology
532(1)
Tau pathology
532(1)
Volumetric atrophy and cell loss
533(1)
Neuroinflammation
533(1)
Cognitive decline
533(1)
Conclusions
533(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
533(1)
Key facts of nonhuman primate models
534(1)
Summary points
534(1)
References
534(5)
48 Linking aging and animal models to neurodegeneration: the striatum, substantia nigra, and Parkinson's disease
Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
Ana Lopez Ramirez
List of abbreviations
539(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
540(1)
Introduction to Parkinson's disease (PD)
540(1)
History, epidemiology, and hallmarks of PD
540(1)
Nigrostriatal pathway: neurotransmitters and neuronal circuits
540(1)
Factors that contribute to PD
541(5)
Genetic factors and models
541(3)
Mitochondrial impairment in PD
544(1)
Glutamate excitotoxicity
545(1)
Autophagy impairment in PD
546(1)
Animal models of PD
546(2)
MPTP
546(2)
Pesticides
548(1)
Other models of PD
548(1)
Conclusion and perspectives
548(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
549(1)
Key facts of Parkinson's disease models
549(1)
Summary points
549(1)
References
550(3)
49 Behavioral evaluation of aging in experimental animals
Ana Perez-Villalba
Isabel Farinas
Mini-dictionary of terms
553(1)
Why evaluating behavioral aging in animal models: short-living animals for long-term conclusions
553(1)
Behavioral analyses of aging in inbred mice
554(5)
Emotion
555(1)
Motor behavior
556(1)
Social behavior
556(1)
Cognition
557(1)
Physical health, strength, and resistance
558(1)
Olfaction
558(1)
Longevity-associated mice models
559(1)
Senescence-associated mice models and their behavior
559(1)
Avoiding bias in behavioral assessment: why strain and sex matter?
559(1)
Critical checkpoints in a behavioral evaluation of the aging process: time and order
560(1)
Applications to other areas of aging
561(1)
Key facts of animal models for anxiety and depression
561(1)
Summary points
562(1)
References
562(5)
Part VI Resources
50 Recommended resources on the neuroscience of aging
Rajkumar Rajendram
Victor R. Preedy
Introduction
567(1)
Resources
568(6)
Summary points
574(1)
Acknowledgments
574(1)
References
574(1)
Index 575
Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at Kings College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at Kings College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at Kings College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guys, Kings and St. Thomas Medical School, Kings College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.

Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.



Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr Rajendrams focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of Kings College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.
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