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E-raamat: Astronomy with Radioactivities

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  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Physics 812
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Oct-2010
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642126987
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Physics 812
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Oct-2010
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642126987
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This comprehensive and coherent book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed.



This book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics, i.e. the acquisition and reading of measurements on unstable isotopes in different parts of the universe. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed. More specifically, the authors address stars of different types, stellar explosions which terminate stellar evolutions, and other explosions triggered by mass transfers and instabilities in binary stars. They also address nuclear reactions and transport processes in interstellar space, in the contexts of cosmic rays and of chemical evolution. A special chapter is dedicated to the solar system which even provides material samples. The book also contains a description of key tools which astrophysicists employ in those particular studies and a glossary of key terms in astronomy with radioactivities.
Part I The Role of Radioactivities in Astrophysics
1 Introduction to Astronomy with Radioactivity
3(22)
R. Diehl
1.1 The Origin of Radioactivity
3(6)
1.2 The Processes of Radioactivity
9(4)
1.3 Radioactivity and Cosmic Nucleosynthesis
13(4)
1.4 Observations of Cosmic Radioactive Isotopes
17(4)
1.5 The Structure of this Book
21(1)
References
22(3)
2 The Role of Radioactive Isotopes in Astrophysics
25(58)
D.D. Clayton
2.1 History of Nucleosynthesis and Radioactivity
25(13)
2.2 Disciplines of Astronomy with Radioactivity
38(39)
References
77(6)
Part II Specific Sources of Cosmic Isotopes
3 Radioactivities in Low - and Intermediate-Mass Stars
83(70)
M. Lugaro
A. Chieffi
3.1 The Missing Element
84(1)
3.2 The Production of Radioactive Nuclei in Stellar Interiors
84(9)
3.3 Evolution To and Through the First Giant Branch
93(10)
3.4 Evolution in the Double Shell Burning Phase
103(13)
3.5 Neutron-Capture Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars
116(16)
3.6 Nucleosynthesis of Long-live Isotopes in AGB Stars
132(12)
References
144(9)
4 Massive Stars and Their Supernovae
153(80)
F.-K. Thielemann
R. Hirschi
M. Liebendorfer
R. Diehl
4.1 Cosmic Significance of Massive Stars
153(2)
4.2 Hydrostatic and Explosive Burning in Massive Stars
155(8)
4.3 Evolution of Massive Stars up to Core Collapse
163(17)
4.4 Supernovae from Massive Stars and the Role of Radioactivity
180(22)
4.5 The Aftermath of Explosions
202(17)
References
219(14)
5 Binary Systems and Their Nuclear Explosions
233(76)
J. Isern
M. Hernanz
J. Jose
5.1 Accretion onto Compact Objects and Thermonuclear Runaways
233(11)
5.2 Classical Novae
244(8)
5.3 SNIa Explosions
252(10)
5.4 X-Ray Bursts and Superbursts
262(10)
5.5 Observational Diagnostics of Binary-Systems
272(17)
5.6 Accretion in Binaries: Special Cases
289(2)
References
291(18)
Part III Special Places to Observe Cosmic Isoltops
6 The Early Solar System
309(36)
M. Busso
6.1 The Age of the Solar System
309(4)
6.2 Short-Lived Radioactive Nuclei in the Early Solar System
313(5)
6.3 Expected Conditons in the Eary Solar System
318(5)
6.4 The Galactic Inheritance
323(2)
6.5 Local Prodcution of Radioactive Nuclei
325(6)
6.6 Short-Live Nuclei: In-Situ Production
331(3)
6.7 Early Solar System Lessons
334(2)
References
336(9)
7 Distributed Radioactivities
345(94)
R. Diehl
D.H. Hartmann
N. Prantzos
7.1 The Role of Radioactivities
345(3)
7.2 The Milky Way
348(10)
7.3 Processes in the Interstellar Medium: Mixing and Feedback
358(11)
7.4 26Al in the Interstellar Medium
369(17)
7.5 60Fe and Massive-Star Structure
386(3)
7.6 44Ti and Galactic Core-Collapse Supernovae
389(2)
7.7 Positrons and their Annihilation
391(17)
7.8 Radioactivities in Cosmic Rays
408(10)
7.9 Cosmic Star Formation and Supernova Rates
418(5)
References
423(16)
Part IV Tools for the Study of Radioactivities in Astrophysics
8 Computer-Modeling of Stars
439(22)
M. Liebendorfer
8.1 Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae
443(10)
8.2 Models of Ejecta for Nucleosynthetic Yield Prediction
453(3)
References
456(5)
9 Nuclear Reactions
461(30)
M. Wiescher
T. Rauscher
9.1 Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysical Environments
461(7)
9.2 Relevant Energy Range of Astrophysical Cross Sections
468(1)
9.3 Nuclear Reaction Models
469(5)
9.4 Experimental Facilities and Techniques
474(8)
9.5 Specific Experiments
482(4)
References
486(5)
10 Instruments for Observations of Radioactivities
491(28)
G. Kanbach
L. Nittler
10.1 Astronomical Telescopes
491(8)
10.2 Analyzing Material Samples From and Within Meteorites
499(8)
10.3 Detection and Analysis of Cosmic Rays
507(3)
References
510(9)
Part V Epilogue
11 Perspectives
519(6)
R. Diehl
D. H. Hartmann
N. Prantzos
Appendices
A Annotations on Chemical Evolution
525(14)
A.1 Chemical Evolution: Analytical Descriptions
525(4)
A.2 Complexities in Descriptions of Chemicalk Evolution
529(7)
References
536(3)
B Radionuclides and Their Stellar Origins
539(10)
M. Lugaro
A. Chieffi
References
546(3)
C Milestones in the Science of Cosmic Radioactivities
549(4)
D Glossary: Key Terms in Astronomy with Radioactivities
553(6)
Index 559