This atlas of postmortem angiography provides a summary of techniques that have been developed and used in order to visualize the human vascular system. The indications, advantages, limitations, and pitfalls of the different techniques are explained in detail through the use of examples from real cases and a wealth of informative images, as well as knowledge from the latest scientific works. Helpful recommendations are made concerning interpretation of the obtained radiological images, which will allow readers to start their own work in the field of post-mortem angiography or to ease and improve their practice.The atlas has been edited and written by members of an international working group created in 2012, "Technical Working Group Post-mortem Angiography Methods" (TWGPAM), who for the first time summarize their experiences concerning this new approach. Since findings explaining the reasons for both natural and traumatic death are often hidden within the vascular system, post-mo
rtem angiography is of the highest importance in elucidating cause of death and may represent the key to minimally invasive autopsy. _
Part I: Introduction: PostmortemImaging - Development and Historical Review.- PMI - A part of forensicmedicine.- PMI - A transdisciplinary approach for objectified knowledge. PartII: Postmortem Angiography: PMA - A historical review.- PMA - and thethanatology of the heart-circulation system. Part III: PMA - the technicalapproach: PMA and the Virtangio system.- PMA and CT.- PMA and MRI.- PMA andcontrast agent.- PMA and Database and storage. Part IV: PMA - The role of theradiographer: The new profession of forensic radiographer. PartV: MultiphasePostmortem Angiography: Neuro (Head).- Neck.- Heart.- Vascular system.- Lungs.-Gastro intestinal tract.- Abdominal Organs. Part VI: Post-mortem Angiography ofthe Extremities: Upper extremities.- Lower extremities. Part VII: In cases ofnatural death: Sudden cardiac death.- Systemic diseases, sepsis, multi-organfailure.- Other natural death. Part VIII: PMA and trauma: Blunt trauma.- Sharptrauma.- Shot.- Explosion, Thermic trauma.-
Suffocation / Strangulation.-Intoxication.- Drowning.- Other traumatic death (Cardio-Inhibitor Reflex,electrocution).- Post-operative death. Part IX: Special casuistic cases:Forensic radiological diagnosis and reconstruction. Part X: PMA and clinicalpathology (non-forensic cases): Heart surgery.- Intensive cardiology.-Intensive care unit.- Emergency medicine. Part XI: PMA - special studies:Children.- Decomposition.- Histology - Immuno-Histology.- Intravasalpressures.- Medical malpractice.- Animal model.- Selective angio. Part XII: PMA- in Teaching and clinical anatomy: PMA in student teaching.- PMA in clinicalanatomy.
Part I: Introduction: Postmortem
Imaging - Development and Historical Review.- PMI A part of forensic
medicine.- PMI A transdisciplinary approach for objectified knowledge.
Part
II: Postmortem Angiography: PMA A historical review.- PMA and the
thanatology of the heart-circulation system. Part III: PMA the technical
approach: PMA and the Virtangio system.- PMA and CT.- PMA and MRI.- PMA and
contrast agent.- PMA and Database and storage. Part IV: PMA - The role of
the
radiographer: The new profession of forensic radiographer. PartV: Multiphase
Postmortem Angiography: Neuro (Head).- Neck.- Heart.- Vascular system.-
Lungs.-
Gastro intestinal tract.- Abdominal Organs. Part VI: Post-mortem Angiography
of
the Extremities: Upper extremities.- Lower extremities. Part VII: In cases
of
natural death: Sudden cardiac death.- Systemic diseases, sepsis, multi-organ
failure.- Other natural death. Part VIII: PMA and trauma: Blunt trauma.-
Sharp
trauma.- Shot.- Explosion, Thermic trauma.- Suffocation / Strangulation.-
Intoxication.- Drowning.- Other traumatic death (Cardio-Inhibitor Reflex,
electrocution).- Post-operative death. Part IX: Special casuistic cases:
Forensic radiological diagnosis and reconstruction. Part X: PMA and clinical
pathology (non-forensic cases): Heart surgery.- Intensive cardiology.-
Intensive care unit.- Emergency medicine. Part XI: PMA special studies:
Children.- Decomposition.- Histology Immuno-Histology.- Intravasal
pressures.- Medical malpractice.- Animal model.- Selective angio. Part XII:
PMA
in Teaching and clinical anatomy: PMA in student teaching.- PMA in
clinical
anatomy.
Silke Grabherr, University Center of Legal Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
Jochen Grimm, University Hospital Vaudois, Department of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
Axel Heinemann, University Hospital Hamburg- Eppendorf, Department of Legal Medicine, Hamburg, Germany