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E-raamat: Attitude Reports

(Indiana University)
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Propositional attitude reports are sentences built around clause-embedding psychological verbs, like Kim believes that it's raining or Kim wants it to rain. These interact in many intricate ways with a wide variety of semantically relevant grammatical phenomena, and represent one of the most important topics at the interface of linguistics and philosophy, as their study provides insight into foundational questions about meaning. This book provides a bird's-eye overview of the grammar of propositional attitude reports, synthesizing the key facts, theories, and open problems in their analysis. Couched in the theoretical framework of generative grammar and compositional truth-conditional semantics, it places emphasis on points of intersection between propositional attitude reports and other important topics in semantic and syntactic theory. With discussion points, suggestions for further reading and a useful guide to symbols and conventions, it will be welcomed by students and researchers wishing to explore this fertile area of study.

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A critical survey of key issues in the analysis of propositional attitude reports, a central topic in natural language semantics.
Acknowledgments xi
List of Abbreviations Used in Glosses
xiii
1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 What Are Attitude Reports?
1(2)
1.2 Why a Book about Attitude Reports?
3(5)
1.2.1 Attitude Reports and Sentence Meaning
4(2)
1.2.2 Attitude Reports and Proper Names
6(1)
1.2.3 Attitude Reports and Grammar
7(1)
1.3 The Approach
8(1)
1.4 A Note on Readership and Topical Emphasis
9(1)
1.5 Guide to Logical Symbols and Notational Conventions
10(3)
1.6
Chapter Summaries
13(1)
1.7 Further Reading
14(1)
2 Foundations
15(51)
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Background on Possible Worlds Semantics
16(10)
2.2.1 Extensional Semantics and Its Limits
16(6)
2.2.2 Introducing Intensions
22(4)
2.3 Attitudes in Possible Worlds Semantics
26(10)
2.3.1 Logical Relations between Propositions
26(3)
2.3.2 The Hintikkan Approach to Attitude Semantics
29(4)
2.3.3 Predictions of the Hintikkan Approach
33(3)
2.4 The Problem of Logical Omniscience
36(6)
2.4.1 A Tension
36(3)
2.4.2 Strategy #1: Complicate the Hintikkan Semantics
39(2)
2.4.3 Strategy #2: Abandon the Hintikkan Semantics
41(1)
2.5 Hyperintensionality: Ways of Fine-Graining
42(13)
2.5.1 Motivation
42(5)
2.5.2 Propositional Concepts
47(2)
2.5.3 Impossible Worlds
49(2)
2.5.4 Situations
51(1)
2.5.5 Structured Propositions
52(1)
2.5.6 Sententialism
53(1)
2.5.7 Interpreted Logical Forms
54(1)
2.5.8 Taking Stock
55(1)
2.6 Attitudes, Event Semantics, and Decomposition
55(8)
2.7 Discussion Questions
63(2)
2.8 Further Reading
65(1)
3 Attitude Reports and Proper Names
66(16)
3.1 Introduction
66(2)
3.2 The Non-rigid Designator Approach
68(3)
3.3 The Pragmatic Approach
71(4)
3.4 The Hidden Indexicals Approach
75(1)
3.5 Kripke's Puzzle
76(3)
3.6 Substitution in Simple Sentences
79(1)
3.7 Discussion Questions
80(1)
3.8 Further Reading
80(2)
4 The de dictolde re Ambiguity
82(40)
4.1 Introduction
82(2)
4.2 The Scope Theory
84(5)
4.3 Scope Mismatches
89(8)
4.3.1 Scope Islands
90(3)
4.3.2 Scope Paradoxes
93(1)
4.3.3 Third Readings
94(2)
4.3.4 Summary
96(1)
4.4 Resolving the Mismatches
97(9)
4.4.1 World Pronouns
97(5)
4.4.2 Split Intensionality
102(3)
4.4.3 Presupposition Projection
105(1)
4.5 Double Vision
106(13)
4.5.1 The Puzzle
107(2)
4.5.2 Acquaintance Relations
109(3)
4.5.3 The Shortest Spy
112(3)
4.5.4 Res Movement
115(2)
4.5.5 Concept Generators
117(2)
4.6 Taking Stock
119(1)
4.7 Discussion Questions
120(1)
4.8 Further Reading
121(1)
5 De se Attitude Reports
122(32)
5.1 Introduction
122(3)
5.2 Divorcing de se from Semantic Binding
125(1)
5.3 Properties and Centered Worlds
126(6)
5.4 PRO as Author-/Addressee-or Center-Denoting
132(5)
5.5 The de re Blocking Effect
137(3)
5.6 De se as a Special Case of de re?
140(3)
5.6.1 The Argument from Agreement
141(1)
5.6.2 The de se Generalization
142(1)
5.7 Expanding the Empirical Coverage
143(9)
5.7.1 Logophors
144(2)
5.7.2 Shifted Indexicals
146(5)
5.7.3 Long-Distance Reflexives
151(1)
5.8 Discussion Questions
152(1)
5.9 Further Reading
153(1)
6 Desire Reports and Beyond
154(30)
6.1 Introduction
154(1)
6.2 Belief-Relativity
154(10)
6.2.1 The Better-Worlds Approach
155(4)
6.2.2 The Best-World Approach
159(1)
6.2.3 A Doxastic Presupposition
160(2)
6.2.4 Refining the Presupposition
162(2)
6.3 Monotonicity
164(4)
6.4 Conjunction Introduction and Conflicting Desires
168(4)
6.5 Gradability
172(2)
6.6 Focus-Sensitivity
174(2)
6.7 Presupposition Projection
176(1)
6.8 The Typology of Attitude Predicates
177(5)
6.9 Discussion Questions
182(1)
6.10 Further Reading
183(1)
7 Other Topics
184(23)
7.1 Introduction
184(1)
7.2 Attitude Reports and Embedded Tense
184(9)
7.2.1 Introduction
184(1)
7.2.2 Tense Basics
185(1)
7.2.3 Tense Binding in Attitude Reports
186(2)
7.2.4 Past under Past: Sequence of Tense
188(4)
7.2.5 Present under Past: Double Access
192(1)
7.3 Neg Raising
193(5)
7.3.1 Introduction
193(1)
7.3.2 In Favor of a Syntactic Approach
194(2)
7.3.3 Against a Syntactic Approach
196(2)
7.4 Intensional Transitive Verbs
198(6)
7.4.1 Introduction
198(1)
7.4.2 Diagnosing Intensionality
199(1)
7.4.3 Propositionalism
200(3)
7.4.4 Intensionalism
203(1)
7.5 Discussion Questions
204(1)
7.6 Further Reading
205(2)
Glossary 207(6)
Bibliography 213(20)
Index 233
Thomas Grano is Associate Professor in the Department of Linguistics at Indiana University Bloomington. He is the author of Control and Restructuring (2015) and his work has appeared in numerous journals.
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