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E-raamat: Australian Uniform Evidence Law

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, (University of New England, Australia), (Monash University, Victoria)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009021388
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Australian Uniform Evidence LawSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009021388
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Now in its second edition, Australian Uniform Evidence Law provides a clear, accessible introduction to the law of evidence. Following the structure of the Evidence Act 1995 (Cth), the text introduces students to basic principles, then covers more complex elements of evidence law. Cases and excerpts from legislation have been selected to guide students through the application of the Act. This edition has been updated to include significant recent case examples and decisions. Each chapter includes a summary of key points, definitions and practice questions to encourage students to apply their knowledge to realistic scenarios. The final chapter comprises longer-form, complex problems designed to test students' understanding of the concepts and rules covered in the Act as a whole. Guided solutions to each question are provided so students can check their understanding. Providing clear explanations and examples, Australian Uniform Evidence Law is an essential resource for all students of evidence law.

Now in its second edition, Australian Uniform Evidence Law provides a clear, accessible introduction to the law of evidence. Following the structure of the Evidence Act 1995 (Cth), the text introduces students to basic principles, then covers more complex elements of evidence law.

Muu info

Australian Uniform Evidence Law provides a clear, accessible introduction to the law of evidence.
Preface xvii
Table of cases
xix
Table of statutes
xxxv
Acknowledgements xlvi
Note on the text xlviii
Guide to student resources xlix
1 introduction
1(24)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 What is evidence?
2(2)
1.2.1 Evidence law
3(1)
1.2.2 Principles versus rules
4(1)
1.3 Background to the Act
4(3)
1.3.1 Structure of the Act
5(1)
1.3.2 Practical effect of the Act
6(1)
1.4 Preliminary concepts
7(14)
1.4.1 Criminal versus civil proceedings
7(1)
1.4.2 Order of court proceedings
8(1)
1.4.3 Functions of judge and jury
8(2)
1.4.4 Burden and standard of proof: Sections 140-2
10(1)
Burden of proof
10(1)
Standard of proof
11(2)
A Victorian variation
13(2)
1.4.5 Judicial notice: Sections 143--5
15(1)
1.4.6 Formal admissions: Section 184
16(1)
1.4.7 Preliminary questions -- the voir dire: Section 189
17(1)
1.4.8 Waiver: Section 190
18(1)
1.4.9 Judicial directions and leave: Section 192
19(1)
1.4.10 Advance rulings and findings: Section 192A
20(1)
1.4.11 Appeals
21(1)
1.5 Types and forms of evidence
21(4)
Key points
23(1)
Key terms and definitions
23(1)
Further reading
24(1)
2 Adducing evidence
25(83)
2.1 Introduction
26(1)
2.2 Calling a witness
27(1)
2.3 Presumption of competence and compellability: Section 12
28(1)
2.4 Competence: Section 13
29(13)
2.4.1 Children and witnesses who are cognitively impaired
31(7)
2.4.2 Alternative arrangements for giving evidence
38(1)
Adult complainants
39(1)
Children and complainants who are cognitively impaired
39(3)
2.5 Compellability
42(15)
2.5.1 Defendant: Section 17
43(1)
2.5.2 Defendant's family: Section 18
43(6)
Exclusion of section 18
49(1)
2.5.3 Silence at trial
49(1)
Common law
49(5)
The Act
54(1)
Jury directions in Victoria
55(2)
2.6 Oaths and affirmations: Sections 21 and 23-4
57(2)
2.7 Questioning of witnesses
59(1)
2.7.1 Parties and the judge: Sections 26--9
59(1)
2.7.2 Counsel
60(1)
2.8 Examination-in-chief
60(22)
2.8.1 Prohibition of leading questions
61(1)
2.8.2 Reviving memory: Sections 32--5
62(1)
In court
63(2)
Police officers
65(2)
Out of court
67(1)
2.8.3 Unfavourable witnesses: Section 38
68(14)
2.9 Cross-examination
82(16)
2.9.1 Improper or disallowable questions: Section 41
82(1)
Northern Territory and Victoria: improper questioning and vulnerable witnesses
82(7)
2.9.2 Leading questions: Section 42
89(1)
2.9.3 The rule against prior consistent statements
90(1)
2.9.4 Exceptions to the rule against prior consistent statements: Section 108(3)
91(2)
2.9.5 Prior inconsistent statements: Sections 43--5
93(1)
2.9.6 The rule in Browne v Dunn
94(3)
Rebuttal and reopening
97(1)
Civil cases
97(1)
Criminal cases
97(1)
Leave to recall witnesses: Section 46
98(1)
2.10 Re-examination: Section 39
98(1)
2.11 Proof of contents of documents: Section 48
99(3)
2.12 Other evidence
102(6)
2.12.1 Part 2.3 -- other evidence
102(1)
Key points
103(2)
Key terms and definitions
105(1)
Further reading
105(1)
Practice problem
106(2)
3 Relevance
108(27)
3.1 Introduction
108(1)
3.2 Different types of relevance
109(10)
3.2.1 Directly relevant evidence
109(1)
3.2.2 Indirectly relevant evidence
109(10)
3.3 Defining relevance
119(12)
3.3.1 The common law
119(1)
Legal relevance
119(1)
3.3.2 The Act: Sections 55--6
120(1)
Logical relevance
120(1)
3.3.3 Judicial discretions: Sections 135--7
121(10)
3.4 Provisional relevance: Sections 57--8
131(4)
Key points
132(1)
Key terms and definitions
132(1)
Further reading
133(1)
Practice problems
133(2)
4 Hearsay
135(69)
4.1 Introduction
136(1)
4.2 The common law
137(4)
4.2.1 Express and implied assertions
137(2)
4.2.2 Non-hearsay purpose at common law
139(2)
4.3 The Act: Section 59
141(5)
4.3.1 Representation
141(1)
4.3.2 Previous representation
142(1)
4.3.3 Asserted fact
143(1)
4.3.4 Made by a person
143(1)
4.3.5 Intended to assert
143(3)
4.4 Hearsay purpose
146(11)
4.4.1 Non-hearsay purpose: Section 60
151(6)
4.5 Exceptions to the hearsay rule
157(32)
4.5.1 Competency: Section 61
157(1)
4.5.2 First-hand hearsay: Section 62
158(2)
4.5.3 Civil proceedings -- maker of the statement is not available: Section 63
160(1)
4.5.4 Civil proceedings -- maker of the statement is available: Section 64
160(1)
4.5.5 Criminal proceedings -- maker of the statement is not available: Section 65
161(1)
Made under a duty: Section 65(2)(a)
162(1)
Made when or shortly after ... unlikely that the representation is a fabrication: Section 65(2)(b)
162(2)
Highly probable that the representation is reliable: Section 65(2)(c)
164(4)
Against the interests of the person: Section 65(2)(d)
168(7)
Previous representation adduced by a defendant: Section 65(8)
175(3)
Evidence of a previous representation about a matter ... adduced by a defendant: Section 65(9)
178(1)
4.5.6 Criminal proceedings -- maker of the statement is available: Section 66
179(10)
4.6 Contemporaneous mental and physical states
189(3)
4.6.1 The common law
189(1)
Statements of intention
190(1)
State of mind
190(1)
Emotional state of mind
191(1)
Knowledge
191(1)
4.6.2 The Act: Section 66A
192(1)
4.7 Business records: Section 69
192(12)
4.7.1 Tags, labels and writing: Section 70
199(1)
4.7.2 Electronic communications: Section 71
199(1)
Key points
200(1)
Key terms and definitions
201(1)
Further reading
202(1)
Practice problems
202(2)
5 Opinion
204(26)
5.1 Introduction
204(1)
5.2 Defining opinion evidence
205(2)
5.3 The opinion rule: Section 76
207(2)
5.4 Exception -- dual relevance: Section 77
209(1)
5.5 Exception -- lay opinions: Section 78
210(5)
5.6 Exception -- expert opinions: Section 79
215(10)
5.6.1 Basis rule
219(4)
5.6.2 Expert opinion basis and hearsay
223(1)
5.6.3 Procedural issues
224(1)
5.7 Other admissible opinions
225(1)
5.8 Scope of application -- ultimate issue and common knowledge: Section 80
226(4)
Key points
227(1)
Key terms and definitions
228(1)
Further reading
228(1)
Practice problems
229(1)
6 Admissions
230(67)
6.1 Introduction
231(1)
6.2 What is an admission?
231(4)
6.2.1 Exception to the hearsay and opinion rules: Section 81
232(2)
6.2.2 Personal knowledge: Section 82
234(1)
6.2.3 No application against third parties without consent: Section 83
235(1)
6.3 Admissions and confessions made in police custody
235(9)
6.3.1 Electronic recording
235(8)
6.3.2 In the course of official questioning
243(1)
6.4 Voluntariness and reliability of admissions
244(21)
6.4.1 The common law
244(1)
6.4.2 The Act
245(1)
Violent, oppressive, inhuman or degrading conduct: Section 84
245(1)
Reliability of admissions: Section 85
246(7)
`Investigating official' or an `act of another person'
253(1)
Circumstances in which the admission was made
253(8)
Exclusion of records of oral questioning: Section 86
261(1)
Authority to make statements: Section 87
262(3)
Proving admissions: Section 88
265(1)
6.5 Statements and conduct that amount to admissions
265(12)
6.5.1 Failure to call witnesses or produce evidence in civil proceedings
267(1)
6.5.2 Pre-trial silence in criminal proceedings
267(1)
Pre-trial silence: Section 89
267(3)
Consciousness of guilt
270(1)
Inculpatory and exculpatory statements of the accused
271(6)
6.6 Discretions to exclude admissions
277(20)
6.6.1 The unfairness discretion: Section 90
278(14)
6.6.2 The case of Haddara
292(1)
Key points
293(1)
Key terms and definitions
294(1)
Further reading
295(1)
Practice problems
295(2)
7 Tendency and coincidence
297(77)
7.1 Introduction
298(1)
7.2 When the rules do not apply
299(3)
7.2.1 Non-application: Section 94
299(1)
Evidence of credibility of witness
300(1)
Bail or sentencing
300(1)
Fact in issue
300(1)
7.2.2 Use of evidence for other purposes: Section 95
301(1)
7.2.3 Use of evidence to prove good character
302(1)
7.3 Formal requirements: Sections 97--100
302(49)
7.3.1 Purpose
302(1)
Tendency and/or coincidence purpose
302(2)
Tendency reasoning in civil cases
304(1)
Tendency reasoning in criminal cases
305(1)
Coincidence reasoning in civil cases
306(1)
Coincidence reasoning in criminal cases
307(1)
7.3.2 Notice
307(3)
7.3.3 Significant probative value
310(1)
(A) How is `significant probative value' assessed?
310(1)
(B) Should the court assume the truthfulness and reliability of the evidence?
311(5)
Applying tendency evidence
316(32)
Applying coincidence evidence
348(2)
Some basic differences between tendency and coincidence reasoning
350(1)
7.4 Further restrictions in criminal cases: Section 101
351(16)
7.4.1 Probative value versus prejudicial effect
351(12)
7.4.2 Collusion, concoction or contamination
363(2)
7.4.3 Prejudicial effect
365(2)
7.5 Competing with other inferences
367(1)
7.6 Judicial directions
368(6)
7.6.1 Jury directions in Victoria
369(3)
Key points
372(1)
Key terms and definitions
372(1)
Further reading
372(1)
Practice problem
373(1)
8 Credibility
374(31)
8.1 Introduction
374(1)
8.2 The collateral nature of credibility evidence
375(2)
8.3 What is credibility evidence?
377(7)
8.3.1 Current definition: Section 101A
377(2)
8.3.2 Redefining credibility evidence under the Act
379(5)
8.4 The credibility rule: Section 102
384(1)
8.5 Exceptions to the credibility rule
385(11)
8.5.1 Evidence adduced in cross-examination: Section 103
385(2)
8.5.2 Evidence adduced in cross-examination of an accused: Section 104
387(2)
8.5.3 Evidence in rebuttal of denials: Section 106
389(4)
8.5.4 Evidence to re-establish credibility: Section 108
393(3)
8.6 Credibility of non-witnesses
396(9)
8.6.1 Evidence about a person who has made a previous representation: Section 108A
396(2)
8.6.2 Previous representations of an accused: Section 108B
398(2)
8.6.3 Expert opinion on a witness's credibility: Section 108C
400(2)
Key points
402(1)
Key terms and definitions
402(1)
Further reading
403(1)
Practice problems
403(2)
9 Character
405(28)
9.1 Introduction
405(1)
9.2 The meaning of `character'
406(1)
9.3 Character evidence about the accused
407(21)
9.3.1 Adducing evidence of good character: Section 110
407(2)
9.3.2 Character in general or in a particular respect?
409(10)
9.3.3 Judicial directions and discretion
419(3)
9.3.4 Evidence about character of co-accused: Section 111
422(1)
9.3.5 Leave to cross-examine about character of accused or co-accused: Section 112
423(5)
9.4 Character evidence about complainants and victims
428(5)
Key points
430(1)
Key terms and definitions
430(1)
Further reading
431(1)
Practice problems
431(2)
10 Identification evidence
433(25)
10.1 Introduction
433(1)
10.2 Defining identification evidence
434(3)
10.2.1 Types of identification evidence
435(1)
Visual identification and picture identification
435(1)
In-court identification
435(1)
Out-of-court identification
436(1)
Formal identification procedures
436(1)
10.3 The common law and identification parades
437(4)
10.4 Visual identification evidence: Section 114
441(4)
10.4.1 Exclusion
442(1)
10.4.2 The `reasonableness' condition
442(3)
10.5 Picture identification evidence: Section 115
445(3)
10.5.1 Pictures of people in police custody
447(1)
10.5.2 Exclusion
447(1)
10.5.3 Warnings
448(1)
Unreliability
448(1)
10.6 Special need for caution: Section 116
448(3)
10.6.1 Jury directions in Victoria
449(2)
10.7 The displacement effect
451(7)
10.7.1 The role of section 137
453(3)
Key points
456(1)
Key terms and definitions
456(1)
Further reading
456(1)
Practice problem
457(1)
11 Privileges
458(67)
11.1 Introduction
459(2)
11.2 Client legal privilege
461(2)
11.2.1 Definitions: Section 117
462(1)
`Lawyer'
463(1)
`Client'
464(1)
`Employee or agent'
464(6)
Confidentiality
464(1)
11.2.2 Dominant purpose test
465(5)
11.2.3 Legal advice privilege: Section 118
470(1)
`Communication' and `document'
470(10)
Copy documents
472(1)
11.2.4 Litigation privilege: Sections 119--20
472(1)
11.2.5 Invoking client legal privilege
473(1)
11.2.6 General loss of privilege: Section 121
474(1)
11.2.7 Waiver: Section 122
475(4)
11.2.8 Other causes of loss of privilege: Sections 123--6
479(1)
11.3 Professional confidential privilege
480(4)
11.3.1 Medical communications
483(1)
11.4 Sexual assault communications privilege
484(4)
11.5 Journalist privilege
488(1)
11.6 Religious confessions
489(2)
11.7 Privilege against self-incrimination
491(7)
11.7.1 The common law
491(1)
11.7.2 The Act: Sections 128--128A
492(4)
Objection
496(1)
Determination
497(1)
Certificate
497(1)
Preliminary procedures
497(1)
11.8 Judicial reasons
498(1)
11.9 Public interest immunity
498(13)
11.9.1 The common law
498(1)
Class claims and contents claims
499(9)
11.9.2 The Act: Section 130
508(1)
11.9.3 Matters of state
509(1)
Security, defence or international relations of Australia
509(1)
Investigation and prosecution
510(1)
Proper functioning of government
510(1)
Interest in disclosure
510(1)
Factors to take into account
511(1)
11.10 Settlement negotiations
511(8)
11.10.1 The common law
511(6)
11.10.2 The Act: Section 131
517(2)
11.11 Pre-trial, trial and non-judicial proceedings: Section 131A
519(2)
11.12 General procedural issues
521(4)
Key points
522(1)
Key terms and definitions
522(1)
Further reading
523(1)
Practice problem
523(2)
12 Discretionary and mandatory exclusions
525(52)
12.1 Introduction
526(1)
12.2 General discretion to exclude evidence: Section 135
526(4)
12.2.1 `Unfairly prejudicial'
528(1)
12.2.2 `Misleading or confusing'
528(1)
12.2.3 `Undue waste of time'
529(1)
12.3 General discretion to limit the use of evidence: Section 136
530(1)
12.4 Mandatory exclusion of evidence in criminal proceedings: Section 137
531(17)
12.4.1 `Probative value'
532(11)
12.4.2 `Unfair prejudice'
543(5)
Procedural unfairness
548(1)
12.5 Discretion to exclude improperly or illegally obtained evidence
548(9)
12.5.1 The common law
548(8)
12.5.2 The Act
556(1)
Discretion to exclude improperly or illegally obtained evidence: Section 138
556(1)
`Improper' and `impropriety'
557(10)
Cautioning of persons: Section 139
566(1)
12.6 Corroboration
567(2)
12.6.1 The common law
568(1)
12.6.2 The Act: Section 164
569(1)
12.7 Unreliable evidence
569(8)
12.7.1 Warning in relation to unreliable evidence: Section 165
570(1)
12.7.2 Warnings in relation to children's evidence: Section 165A
571(1)
12.7.3 Delay in prosecution: Section 165B
572(3)
Key points
575(1)
Key terms and definitions
575(1)
Further reading
576(1)
Practice problem
576(1)
13 Facilitation of proof and ancillary matters
577(13)
13.1 Introduction
577(1)
13.2 Facilitation of proof
577(6)
13.2.1 The common law
578(1)
13.2.2 General: Sections 146--52
578(2)
13.2.3 Matters of official record: Sections 153--9
580(1)
13.2.4 Post and communications: Sections 160--3
581(2)
13.3 Ancillary provisions
583(4)
13.3.1 Requests: Sections 166--9
583(1)
13.3.2 Affidavits: Sections 170--3
584(1)
13.3.3 Foreign law: Sections 174--6
584(2)
13.3.4 Procedures for proving other matters: Sections 177--81
586(1)
13.4 Miscellaneous matters
587(3)
Key points
588(1)
Key terms and definitions
589(1)
Further reading
589(1)
Practice problem
589(1)
14 Putting it all together: extended practice problems
590(19)
Suggested answers to practice problems in
Chapters 2--13
595(14)
Index 609
Fiona Hum is a Senior Teaching Fellow in the Faculty of Law, Monash University and an Honorary Fellow, Lecturer, University of Melbourne. Gregor Urbas is Adjunct Associate Professor at the ANU College of Law, Australian National University. Ottavio Quirico is Associate Professor at the University of New England and Honorary Lecturer and Visiting Fellow at the Australian National University.
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