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E-raamat: Avialinguistics: The Study of Language for Aviation Purposes

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The book presents the first comprehensive description of avialinguistics. The author analyses this new interdisciplinary branch of applied linguistics that recognises the role of language for aviation purposes. She provides an integrated approach to Aeronautical English and proffers insights into aviation discourse.



The book presents the first comprehensive description of avialinguistics. The author analyses this new interdisciplinary branch of applied linguistics that recognises the role of language for aviation purposes. She provides an integrated approach to Aeronautical English and proffers insights into aviation discourse, discussing its current linguistic errors and providing suggestions for aviation English communication improvement. The author tests theoretical considerations against illustrative real-life examples so as to facilitate an interpretation of regular pilot-controller communications.

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
15(4)
List of Illustrations
17(2)
Introduction and Overview of the Book 19(6)
Chapter 1 The Origins of Aviation English
25(20)
1.1 Early beginnings
25(1)
1.2 Radiotelephony English
26(13)
1.3 Testing procedures
39(6)
Chapter 2 Avialinguistics
45(56)
2.1 Overview of research on Aviation English
45(6)
2.2 Avialinguistics as an interdisciplinary language science
51(4)
2.3 The definition and object of avialinguistics
55(3)
2.4 The aims and tasks of avialinguistics
58(4)
2.5 Aviation Language (AL) and its aeronautical variety
62(39)
2.5.1 Aviation English as a specialised sublanguage and its constraints
69(6)
2.5.2 Aeronautical Standard Phraseology vs. a specialised sublanguage
75(10)
2.5.3 Simplified Aviation English (SAE) vs. a specialised sublanguage
85(5)
2.5.4 Plain Aeronautical English (PAE) as a specialised sublanguage
90(2)
2.5.5 Aviation English as lingua franca in intercultural communication
92(2)
2.5.5.1 Native speakers' adaptation
94(2)
2.5.5.2 The role of Aeronautical English in intercultural communication
96(5)
Chapter 3 Delimiting the Scope of Aviation Communication and Aeronautical Communication
101(36)
3.1 Aviation communication
101(2)
3.2 Aeronautical communication
103(10)
3.2.1 Principles and purpose of aeronautical communication
106(4)
3.2.2 Effectiveness in aeronautical communication
110(3)
3.3 A new approach to aviation text
113(6)
3.3.1 Aviation text typology
115(3)
3.3.2 Aviation text producers and aviation text receivers
118(1)
3.4 Towards aviation discourse analysis
119(2)
3.5 The essence of aeronautical discourse
121(8)
3.6 From a speech act to an aeronautical dialogue
129(8)
Chapter 4 Linguistic Segmentation of Aeronautical English (AeE)
137(46)
4.1 Linguistic nature of standard phraseology (SP)
140(32)
4.1.1 Intonation
144(5)
4.1.2 Syntactic structures
149(2)
4.1.2.1 SP sentence
151(5)
4.1.2.2 Functions of syntactic patterns
156(5)
4.1.2.3 Utterance structure
161(1)
4.1.3 Standard phraseology lexemes
162(1)
4.1.3.1 The verb
162(3)
4.1.3.2 The noun
165(2)
4.1.3.3 The adjective
167(1)
4.1.3.4 The adverb
168(1)
4.1.3.5 The pronoun
168(1)
4.1.3.6 The preposition
168(1)
4.1.4 SP prominent grammar issues
169(1)
4.1.4.1 Aspect
169(1)
4.1.4.2 Passive voice
170(1)
4.1.4.3 Ellipsis
170(2)
4.2 The linguistic nature of Plain Aeronautical English (PAE)
172(11)
4.2.1 PAE lexis
175(2)
4.2.2 PAE syntax
177(2)
4.2.3 PAE grammatical structures in use
179(4)
Chapter 5 Beyond the Prescribed System
183(36)
5.1 The nature of an aeronautical language error
185(8)
5.2 Types of aeronautical linguistic errors
193(22)
5.2.1 Deviation from SP
193(6)
5.2.2 Errors of commission and omission
199(4)
5.2.3 Expectation bias
203(2)
5.2.4 An insufficient command of general English
205(2)
5.2.5 AeE influenced by mother-tongue
207(3)
5.2.6 Inadequate communication strategies
210(2)
5.2.7 Code-switching
212(3)
5.3 Limitations of English
215(4)
Chapter 6 Improving Aeronautical English Communication
219(32)
6.1 Improving Aeronautical English communication through language use
220(3)
6.2 Improving Aeronautical English communication through professional training
223(28)
6.2.1 AeE learners
225(2)
6.2.2 Building language awareness
227(2)
6.2.3 Building cross-cultural awareness
229(2)
6.2.4 The role of an Aeronautical English trainer
231(3)
6.2.5 Proper methodology
234(1)
6.2.5.1 Communicative approach
234(1)
6.2.5.2 Needs analysis
234(2)
6.2.5.3 Voice articulation and intonation
236(2)
6.2.5.4 EGP reinforcement (for NNS)
238(1)
6.2.5.5 Integration of SP and PAE
238(3)
6.2.5.6 Training resources
241(1)
6.2.5.7 Language behaviour training
242(3)
6.2.5.8 Attitude toward errors
245(3)
6.2.5.9 Concluding remarks and perspectives
248(3)
Chapter 7 Aeronautical Communication Investigation Results
251(32)
7.1 The scope of the study
251(1)
7.2 Method
252(1)
7.2.1 Participants
252(1)
7.2.2 Material
252(1)
7.2.3 Procedure
253(1)
7.3 Results
253(28)
7.3.1 Section 1: Your profile
253(1)
7.3.1.1 Job
253(1)
7.3.1.2 Nationality
254(1)
7.3.1.3 Gender
255(1)
7.3.1.4 Age
255(1)
7.3.1.5 Work experience in aviation communication in years
255(1)
7.3.1.6 Current ICAO level of English and what test it is based on
255(1)
7.3.1.7 You are a ...
256(1)
7.3.1.8 Working knowledge of foreign languages other than English
256(1)
7.3.1.9 Which region do you use Aviation English in?
257(1)
7.3.2 Section 2: Aviation English users' linguistic behaviour
257(1)
7.3.2.1 NS' linguistic behaviour
258(1)
7.3.2.2 NNS' linguistic behaviour
259(2)
7.3.3 Section 3: Standard Phraseology
261(1)
7.3.3.1 Have you ever noticed a speaker on the radio who deviates from standard phraseology?
261(1)
7.3.3.2 Have you ever noticed a speaker on the radio who does not comply with Aviation English language rules in their use of standard phraseology?
262(2)
7.3.4 Section 4: Plain Aviation English
264(1)
7.3.4.1 Have you ever communicated with somebody over the radio who does not have enough control or English proficiency to communicate effectively?
264(1)
7.3.4.2 How often do you notice misunderstandings?
264(2)
7.3.4.3 Have you ever communicated with somebody over the radio who had a strong native (English or other) accent that was difficult to understand?
266(1)
7.3.4.4 Have you ever noticed a speaker on the radio who does not comply with English language rules in their use of Plain Aviation English?
267(1)
7.3.5 Section 5: Your communicative attitude
268(1)
7.3.5.1 Do you think the ICAO level 4 is the appropriate language level for operational personnel?
268(1)
7.3.5.2 Is there anything you would like to have modified about the ICAO rating scale?
268(1)
7.3.5.3 Do you notice communication problems on a regular basis?
269(1)
7.3.5.4 If a communication problem happens, how often do you try to sort it out?
269(2)
7.3.5.5 When you are not sure about the information provided, do you ask for readback?
271(1)
7.3.5.6 Have you experienced an expectation bias on your part (you heard what you expected to hear rather than what is actually happening)?
272(1)
7.3.5.7 Are you sure you would effectively use Aviation English in a sudden non-routine occurrence?
272(1)
7.3.5.8 Are you calm during unexpected situations as you can rely on your linguistic skills?
273(1)
7.3.5.9 Have you ever made a linguistic error?
274(1)
7.3.5.10 How do you assess aviation communication in general?
274(1)
7.3.5.11 Is there anything which aviation communication is missing?
275(1)
7.3.5.12 Are there any words/phrases you find particularly problematic?
276(1)
7.3.5.13 Do you ever happen to deviate from standard phraseology?
277(1)
7.3.5.14 Would you like any aspects of Aviation English communication to be improved upon?
278(1)
7.3.6 Section 6: Aviation English Training
278(1)
7.3.6.1 What is, in your opinion, the most important aspect of Aviation English training?
278(1)
7.3.6.2 Would you like to see any more components included in Aviation English training courses in the future that are missing now?
279(1)
7.3.6.3 Do you undertake any activities towards the further development of your language skills beyond your work environment?
280(1)
7.3.7 Section 7: Participants' general remarks
280(1)
7.4 Conclusion
281(2)
Conclusions and Implications 283(6)
References 289(32)
Appendix: Questionnaire 321(10)
Subject Index 331
Anna P. Borowska is an Assistant Professor at the University of Warsaw where she also heads the Aviation Communication Research Centre. Her research focuses on aviation language and aviation verbal communication. She is also an Aviation English trainer.
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