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E-raamat: Bacterial Physiology and Biochemistry

(Associate Professor, Department of Experimental Biology (Section of Microbiology), Faculty of Science at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic)
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Bacterial Physiology and BiochemistrySuurem pilt
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Bacterial Physiology and Biochemistry provides the most current, authoritative, and relevant presentation of bacterial physiology and biochemistry on subject, chemical composition and functional bacterial cell structure, nutrition and growth, the process of cell differentiation, metabolism and the influence of environmental factors. The book helps the reader learn and obtain modern knowledges on bacterial physiology and biochemistry, including chemical composition and functional cell structures, bacterial nutrition and growth, and the processes of cell differentiation, bacterial metabolism and microbial growth in nature, and the effect of environmental factors on bacterial cells.

This book is an educational resource designed for use in advanced bachelor's and master's courses in biology, including microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. It contains curriculum taught to biology students specializing in microbiology.

  • Contains modern original color illustrations of biochemical and metabolic processes
  • Provides condensed knowledge on microbiology, microbial kinetics and microbial physiology
  • Includes easy-to-find information on key metabolic pathways in aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms
Acknowledgements ix
Abbreviations xi
Foreword xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction Into Bacterial Physiology And Biochemistry
1(22)
1.1 Subject of study
1(2)
1.2 Bacteria in the phylogeny of living organisms and diversity of cell shapes
3(4)
1.3 Bacterial evolution
7(4)
1.4 Methods of studies of bacterial properties
11(12)
Chapter 2 Bacterial Chemical Composition And Functional Cell Structures
23(68)
2.1 Elemental composition
23(1)
2.2 Compounds composition
24(9)
2.3 Bacterial nucleus
33(3)
2.4 Cytoplasm
36(8)
2.5 Plasma membrane
44(6)
2.6 Cell wall
50(14)
2.7 Flagella, pilus, and fimbria
64(8)
2.8 Bacterial capsule
72(5)
2.9 Endospores
77(8)
2.10 Pigments
85(6)
Chapter 3 Bacterial Nutrition And Growth
91(60)
3.1 Basic sources of nutrition
91(1)
3.2 Sources of carbon
92(2)
3.3 Sources of nitrogen
94(1)
3.4 Mineral nutrition
95(3)
3.5 Growth factors
98(10)
3.6 Sources of energy
108(2)
3.7 Transport of compounds across the plasma membrane
110(1)
3.8 Passive transport
111(1)
3.9 Active transport
112(4)
3.10 Transport of iron and its regulation
116(8)
3.11 Transport of proteins
124(2)
3.12 Group translocation
126(1)
3.13 Bacterial growth and multiplication
127(11)
3.13.1 Growth under conditions of static cultivation
130(3)
3.13.2 Growth constants
133(3)
3.13.3 Deviations from normal growth curve
136(2)
3.14 Multiplication of microorganisms under conditions of continuous (dynamic) cultivation
138(7)
3.15 Synchronous multiplication
145(1)
3.16 Bacterial cell cycle
146(5)
Chapter 4 Processes Of Cell Differentiation
151(8)
4.1 Characteristics of differentiation processes
151(2)
4.2 Polar differentiation in species of Caulobacter genus
153(3)
4.3 Differentiation of photosynthetic membranes in facultative phototrophic bacteria
156(1)
4.4 Formation of heterocyst in cyanobacteria under bound nitrogen deficiency
157(2)
Chapter 5 Bacterial Metabolism
159(152)
5.1 Energy of biochemical reactions
160(3)
5.2 Carriers of hydrogen
163(3)
5.3 Role of ATP and its formation in bacterial cells
166(7)
5.4 Types of phosphorylation
173(3)
5.5 Processes of catabolism
176(75)
5.5.1 Catabolism of carbon compounds and fermentation
177(2)
5.5.1.1 Ethanol fermentation
179(4)
5.5.1.2 Lactic acid fermentation
183(2)
5.5.1.3 Pentose sugars fermentation
185(3)
5.5.1.4 Propionic acid fermentation pathway
188(2)
5.5.1.5 Butyric acid fermentation and solvent formation
190(5)
5.5.1.6 Mixed acid fermentation pathway
195(3)
5.5.1.7 Fermentation of sugars and polysaccharides
198(1)
5.5.2 Anaerobic respiration
199(1)
5.5.2.1 Nitrate reduction and denitrification
199(3)
5.5.2.2 Sulfate reduction (desulfurization)
202(6)
5.5.2.3 Carbon (IV) oxide reduction to methane
208(2)
5.5.3 Aerobic respiration in chemolithotrophic bacteria
210(1)
5.5.3.1 Oxidation of ammonia
211(2)
5.5.3.2 Oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds
213(3)
5.5.3.3 Oxidation of iron compounds
216(1)
5.5.3.4 Oxidation of hydrogen
217(1)
5.5.3.5 Oxidation of methane
218(1)
5.5.4 Aerobic respiration in chemoorganotrophic bacteria
218(1)
5.5.4.1 Incomplete oxidation of substrate
219(1)
5.5.4.2 Complete oxidation of substrate
220(5)
5.5.4.3 Oxidation of saccharides and polysaccharides
225(2)
5.5.4.4 Oxidation of lipids
227(2)
5.5.4.5 Oxidation of hydrocarbons
229(4)
5.5.5 Catabolism of nitrogenous compounds
233(1)
5.5.5.1 Dissimilation of proteins and amino acids
233(1)
5.5.5.1.1 Anaerobic degradation (amino acid fermentation)
233(7)
5.5.5.1.2 Aerobic (oxidative) catabolism of amino acids
240(6)
5.5.6 Catabolism of heterocyclic compounds
246(1)
5.5.6.1 Fermentation of heterocyclic compounds
246(3)
5.5.6.2 Oxidation of heterocyclic compounds
249(2)
5.6 Processes of anabolism (biosynthesis)
251(40)
5.6.1 Biosynthesis of saccharides
251(8)
5.6.2 Biosynthesis of lipids
259(6)
5.6.3 Consumption of CO2 by heterotrophic bacteria
265(3)
5.6.4 Fixation of molecular nitrogen
268(1)
5.6.5 Biosynthesis of amino acids
269(9)
5.6.6 Biosynthesis of nucleotides
278(4)
5.6.7 Biosynthesis of nucleic acids
282(3)
5.6.8 Biosynthesis of proteins
285(6)
5.7 Regulation of metabolism process
291(10)
5.7.1 Regulation of enzyme synthesis
292(5)
5.7.2 Regulation of enzymatic activity
297(1)
5.7.3 Specifics of regulation mechanisms
298(2)
5.7.4 Regulation of energetic metabolism
300(1)
5.8 Metabolism of phototrophic bacteria
301(10)
5.8.1 Photolithotrophs
301(4)
5.8.2 Photoorganotrophs
305(6)
Chapter 6 Growth Of Microorganisms In Nature
311(14)
6.1 Microorganisms as part of the ecosystem
311(2)
6.2 Physiological role of microorganisms in ecosystems
313(2)
6.3 Intercellular and internal population interactions and quorum-sensing regulation of gene expression
315(4)
6.4 Luminescent bacteria and bioluminescence
319(6)
Chapter 7 Effect Of Environmental Factors On Bacterial Cells
325(36)
7.1 Effect of external factors on bacteria
325(3)
7.2 Mechanisms of the effect of environmental factors
328(20)
7.2.1 Physical factors
328(7)
7.2.2 Chemical factors
335(10)
7.2.3 Chemotherapeutics
345(3)
7.3 Antibiotics and their mechanisms of action
348(13)
7.3.1 Antibiotics inhibiting cell wall synthesis
348(5)
7.3.2 Antibiotics disrupting the plasma membrane
353(1)
7.3.3 Antibiotics disturbing the metabolism of nucleic acids
354(1)
7.3.4 Antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis
355(3)
7.3.5 Antibiotics affecting phosphorylation process
358(3)
Recommended References 361(2)
Index 363
Ivan Kushkevych is a microbiologist who got his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology in 2010. His PhD thesis was entitled: Influence of heavy metals salts on physiological and biochemical characteristics of the sulfur cycle bacteria”. He also has received a Degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences (Dr.Sc.) in Microbiology (2016). He obtained a second Ph.D. degree in Pharmacology and Toxicology in 2021. His Ph.D. thesis was entitled: Testing the cytotoxicity and biological effects of salicylamide derivatives against intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria”.

Dr. Kushkevych did several research internships at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Institute Pharmacological Research Mario Negri (2013, Milan, Italy), and other research laboratories at University of Valencia (2018), University of Barcelona, Spain (2020, 2021, 2022), University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland (2021).

Dr. Kushkevychs research focuses on the physiological and biochemical features of sulfate-reducing microorganisms and their functional role in the development of bowel diseases in both humans and animals. He is a single author of the book entitled: Intestinal Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria” (2017), and the author in several chapters of other books, among them: Sulfate Source and Its Role in the Development of Colitis” of the book: Colitis: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment”, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, New York, United States (2019); Isolation and Purification of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria” of the book: Microorganisms, IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom (2019); Effect of intestinal microbiome, antibiotics, and probiotics in the prevention and management of ulcerative colitis” of the book: Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases: A Scientific Perspective”, Elsevier Academic Press (2022).

The author worked previously at the Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology at University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Brno, Czech Republic) and currently works as an Associate Professor at the Department of Experimental Biology (Section of Microbiology), Faculty of Science at Masaryk University. He teaches: General Microbiology, Bacterial Physiology and Biochemistry, Cytology and Morphology of Bacteria.
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