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E-raamat: Bacterial Signaling

Edited by (University of Koln, Ge), Edited by (Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munchen, Ge)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Dec-2009
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527629244
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Bacterial SignalingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Dec-2009
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527629244
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Providing a comprehensive insight into cellular signaling processes in bacteria with a special focus on biotechnological implications, this is the first book to cover intercellular as well as intracellular signaling and its relevance for biofilm formation, host pathogen interactions, symbiotic relationships, and photo- and chemotaxis. In addition, it deals in detail with principal bacterial signaling mechanisms -- making this a valuable resource for all advanced students in microbiology. Dr. Kramer is a world-renowned expert in intracellular signaling and its implications for biotechnology processes, while Dr. Jung is an expert on intercellular signaling and its relevance for biomedicine and agriculture.
Preface.
List of Contributors.
Part I Intercellular Communication.
Introduction (Claudia Anetzberger and Kirsten Jung).
1 Cell–Cell Communication and Biofilm Formation in Gram-Positive Bacteria (Christine Heilmann and Friedrich Götz).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Staphylococcal Infections and Biofilms.
1.3 Molecular Basis of Biofilm Formation in Staphylococci.
1.4 QS in Staphylococcal Biofilms.
References.
2 Cell–Cell Communication in Biofilms of Gram-Negative Bacteria (Claudio Aguilar, Aurelien Carlier, Kathrin Riedel, and Leo Eberl).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 QS in Gram-Negative Bacteria.
2.3 QS and Biofilm Formation.
2.4 QS-Regulated Factors Involved in Biofilm Formation.
2.5 QS as a Target for the Eradication of Biofilms.
2.6 Interspecies Signaling in Mixed Biofilms.
2.7 Conclusions.
References.
3 Cell Interactions Guide the Swarming and Fruiting Body Development of Myxobacteria (Dale Kaiser).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Motility of Myxobacteria.
3.3 Pilus Engine.
3.4 Slime Secretion Engine.
3.5 Swarming of Myxobacteria.
3.6 Regulating Reversals.
3.7 Fruiting Body Development.
3.8 C-Signal and Fruiting Body Morphogenesis.
3.9 Managing the Reversal Frequency.
3.10 C-Signal Control of Gene Expression.
References.
4 Communication Between Rhizobia and Plants (Michael Göttfert).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Nodulation (nod) Genes are Induced by Flavonoids and are Under Positive and Negative Regulation.
4.3 Activation of the nod Genes Results in the Synthesis and Export of Lipo-Chito-Oligosaccharide Signal Molecules.
4.4 Rhizobia use Secreted Proteins as Effector Molecules.
4.5 Microarray Studies Help in Elucidating the Flavonoid Stimulons.
4.6 nod Genes as Accessory Components of the Rhizobial Core Genome.
4.7 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
5 Communication Between Pathogens and Eukaryotic Cells (Jürgen Heesemann).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Long-Distance Communication.
5.3 Short-Distance Communication.
5.4 Conclusions.
References.
6 Identification of Bacterial Autoinducers – Methods
Chapter (Agnes Fekete, Michael Rothballer, Anton Hartmann, and Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Biosensors.
6.3 Sample Preparation Prior to Analysis.
6.4 Techniques for the Structural Analysis of AIs.
6.5 Techniques for the Quantification of AIs.
6.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives.
References.
Part II Transmembrane Signaling.
Introduction (Reinhard Krämer).
7 Outer Membrane Signaling in Gram-Negative Bacteria (Volkmar Braun).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 A Sophisticated Mechanism: A Signaling Cascade Across the Outer Membrane in Transcriptional Regulation of the Ferric Citrate Transport Genes.
7.3 Transfer of the Signal Across the Cytoplasmic Membrane.
7.4 Signal Transfer into the Cytoplasm.
7.5 FecI is an ECF Sigma Factor.
7.6 Mechanism of Ferric Citrate Transcription Regulation.
7.7 Transcription Regulation of the Fec Type in Pseudomonas putida.
7.8 Transcription Regulation of the Fec Type in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
7.9 Transcriptional Regulation of the Fec Type in Bordetella.
7.10 ECF Signaling in Serratia marcescens.
7.11 ECF Signaling in Ralstonia solanacearum.
7.12 Signaling in Outer Membrane Transport.
7.13 Assumed Outer Membrane Signaling.
7.14 Conclusions.
References.
8 Stimulus Perception and Signaling in Histidine Kinases (Ralf Heermann and Kirsten Jung).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Histidine Kinase Family.
8.3 Stimulus Perception and Signaling by Histidine Kinases.
8.4 Accessory Proteins of Histidine Kinases.
8.5 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
9 Chemotaxis and Receptor Localization (Victor Sourjik).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Architecture of the Sensory Complex.
9.3 Clustering of Sensory Complexes.
9.4 Role of Clustering in Signal Processing.
9.5 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
10 Photoreception and Signal Transduction (Sonja Brandt and Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel).
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Bacterial Blue-Light Photoreceptors.
10.3 Red-Light Sensing – Phytochromes.
10.4 Conclusions.
References.
11 Transmembrane Signaling (Melinda D. Baker and Matthew B. Neiditch).
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Transmembrane Receptor Domain Architecture.
11.3 Structural Analysis of Transmembrane Signaling.
11.4 Conclusions.
References.
12 Sensory Transport Proteins (Reinhard Krämer).
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Sensing of Transport Activity.
12.3 Stress Sensing by Transport Proteins.
12.4 Conclusions and Perspective.
References.
13 Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis in Bacterial Transmembrane Signaling (Thomas Wiegert).
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Bacterial I-CLiPs.
13.3 Regulation of ECF Sigma Factors by RIP.
13.4 Regulation of ToxR-Like Transcriptional Regulators via RIP.
13.5 Involvement of RIP in Regulation of Bacterial Cell Division and Differentiation.
13.6 Involvement of RIP in Cell–Cell Communication.
13.7 Conclusions.
References.
14 Protein Chemical and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Approaches to Monitor Membrane Protein Structure and Dynamics – Methods
Chapter (Daniel Hilger and Heinrich Jung).
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Cysteine Chemistry.
14.3 Site-Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopy.
14.4 Conclusions.
References.
Part III Intracellular Signaling.
Introduction (Kirsten Jung, Michael Y. Galperin, and Reinhard Krämer).
15 Protein Domains Involved in Intracellular Signal Transduction (Michael Y. Galperin).
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Computational Analysis of Signaling Domains.
15.3 Intracellular Sensory Domains.
15.4 Intracellular Signal-Transducing and Output Domains.
15.5 Diversity of Intracellular Signaling Pathways.
References.
16 Sensing of Oxygen by Bacteria (Gottfried Unden, Martin Müllner, and Florian Reinhart).
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 O2 as a Signal.
16.3 Direct O2 Sensors.
16.4 Indirect O2 Sensors.
References.
17 Microbial Sensor Systems for Dihydrogen, Nitric Oxide, and Carbon Monoxide (Rainer Cramm and Bärbel Friedrich).
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Sensing of Molecular Hydrogen.
17.3 Sensing of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide.
References.
18 Signal Transduction by Trigger Enzymes: Bifunctional Enzymes and Transporters Controlling Gene Expression (Fabian M. Commichau and Jörg Stülke).
18.1 Introduction.
18.2 Trigger Enzymes Active as DNA-Binding Transcription Factors.
18.3 Trigger Enzymes Involved in Post-Transcriptional Regulation via Protein–RNA Interaction.
18.4 Trigger Enzymes Controlling Gene Expression by Signal-Dependent Phosphorylation of Transcription Regulators.
18.5 Trigger Enzymes Controlling the Activity of Transcription Factors by Protein–Protein Interactions.
18.6 Evolution of Trigger Enzymes: From Enzymes via Trigger Enzymes to Regulators.
References.
19 Regulation of Carbohydrate Utilization by Phosphotransferase System-Mediated Protein Phosphorylation (Boris Görke and Birte Reichenbach).
19.1 Introduction.
19.2 Unique Features of the Bacterial PTS.
19.3 Phosphorylation of the IIAGlc Subunit of the Glucose Transporter Triggers Global CCR in Enteric Bacteria.
19.4 A Second Key Mechanism of CCR: Phosphorylation of IIAGlc Controls Inducer Exclusion in Enteric Bacteria.
19.5 Phosphorylation of Ser46 of HPr Triggers CCR in Low-GC Gram-Positive Bacteria.
19.6 Phosphorylation of HPr by the Bifunctional Kinase/Phosphorylase Links CCR to the Metabolic State of the Cell in Gram-Positive Bacteria.
19.7 HPr Controls Inducer Exclusion in Low-GC Gram-Positive Bacteria.
19.8 Control of Transcription Regulators by EII.
19.9 Catabolite Control of PRD-Containing Regulators by HPr(His~P)-Mediated Phosphorylation.
19.10 PTS-Dependent Regulation of Chemotaxis.
19.11 Regulatory Functions of Paralogous PTSs.
References.
20 cAMP Signaling in Prokaryotes (Knut Jahreis).
20.1 Introduction.
20.2 CCR – A Short Historical Account.
20.3 Regulation of Intracellular cAMP Levels: PTS as a Sensor and Signal Transduction System that Modulates AC Activity.
20.4 Another Extension of the Simple Model: Catabolite Repression by Non-PTS Substrates: The PEP: Pyruvate Ratio is a Key Node in Carbon and Energy Metabolism.
20.5 cAMP Excretion and Phosphodiesterase Activity.
20.6 Function of the cAMP–CRP Complex.
20.7 cAMP–CRP Modulon and the CFU ‘‘Carbohydrate Catabolism/Quest for Food’’.
20.8 Interactions with Other Regulatory Systems.
20.9 Mathematical and Computer-Assisted Modeling of Catabolite Repression.
20.10 Conclusions.
References.
21 c-di-GMP Signaling (Christina Pesavento and Regine Hengge).
21.1 Introduction.
21.2 Protein Domains Involved in c-di-GMP Signaling.
21.3 Signaling Specificity.
21.4 c-di-GMP Signaling in E. coli.
21.5 c-di-GMP signaling in V. cholerae.
21.6 c-di-GMP Signaling in C. crescentus.
21.7 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
22 ppGpp Signaling (Rolf Wagner).
22.1 Introduction.
22.2 Induction of the Effector (p)ppGpp Through Synthesis and Degradation.
22.3 ppGpp – A Bona Fide Global Regulator.
22.4 Effects on Macromolecular Synthesis.
22.5 Regulation of Transcription: RNA Polymerase is the Target.
References.
23 Sensory RNAs (Franz Narberhaus).
23.1 Introduction.
23.2 RNA as a Regulatory Molecule.
23.3 Riboswitches.
23.4 RNA Thermometers.
23.5 Conclusions.
References.
24 Signal Transduction by Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases in Bacteria (Michael Bott).
24.1 Introduction.
24.2 Discovery and Distribution of STPKs in Prokaryotes.
24.3 Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation versus Histidine/Aspartate Phosphorylation.
24.4 Domain Architecture of STPKs.
24.5 Structural Studies on STPKs.
24.6 Signal Transduction by STPKs.
24.7 Control of Gene Expression by PknB via the Activity of Sigma Factors.
24.8 Control of Gene Expression by PknH via the Transcriptional Regulator EmbR.
24.9 Direct Control of Enzyme Activities by STPKs.
24.10 Indirect Control of Enzyme Activity by PknG and its Target Protein OdhI/GarA.
24.11 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
25 Regulatory Proteolysis and Signal Transduction in Bacteria (Kürşad Turgay).
25.1 Introduction.
25.2 Hsp100/Clp and other AAA+ Protease Systems in Bacteria.
25.3 Substrate Recognition and Adaptor Proteins.
25.4 Examples of Regulatory Proteolysis in B. subtilis.
25.5 Conclusions.
References.
26 Intracellular Signaling and Gene Target Analysis – Methods
Chapter (Jörn Kalinowski).
26.1 Introduction.
26.2 Genome-Wide Expression Analysis.
26.3 Finding Unknown Target Genes.
26.4 Analyzing Known Targets.
26.5 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
Index. 9783527323654
Reinhard Kramer is chair in Biochemistry at Cologne University, Germany. After studying Biochemistry at the Universities of Tubingen and Munich, he obtained his Ph.D. from LMU Munich. He then spent 10 years at the Research Center Julich (Institute of Biotechnology) and the University of Dusseldorf as an Associate Professor for Biochemistry before taking up his present position at Cologne University. During his scientific career, R. Kramer has focused on different aspects of membrane transport proteins, both in mitochondria and in prokaryotes, as well as on stress response in bacteria, in particular osmotic stress.

Kirsten Jung studied biochemistry and performed her doctoral thesis at the University of Leipzig in 1988. After postdoctoral studies at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, she continued her research at the University of Osnabruck. In 2002 she was appointed as Associate Professor for Microbiology at the Technical University of Darmstadt, and in 2004 she became Full Professor and Chair for Microbiology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munich. Research of Kirsten Jung is focused on the molecular mechanisms of stimulus perception by sensor kinases involved in environmental stress response.
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