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E-raamat: Ballastless Tracks

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Beton-Kalender Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2017
  • Kirjastus: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag fur Architektur und technische Wissenschaften
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783433606902
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Ballastless TracksSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Beton-Kalender Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2017
  • Kirjastus: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag fur Architektur und technische Wissenschaften
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783433606902
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Due to increasing traffic flows the extension of transport infrastructure with rail roads and high speed lines is an ongoing process worldwide. Ballastless track systems with concrete slabs are used more and more. Following the first trials in the 1970s and more than four decades of R&D work on ballastless track, the level of development is such that it can be confirmed that ballastless track is suitable for use as an alternative to ballasted track. This book makes a contribution to the state of the art of ballastless track by describing the basics for designing the ballastless track. Important advice is provided regarding the construction of ballastless track on earthworks and in tunnels. There is also a description of the technical history of the development of ballastless track on bridges and the ensuing findings for bridge design. The state of the art of ballastless track for switches, important information on details concerning drainage, transitions, accessibility for road vehicles and experience gleaned from maintenance round off the work.

Selected chapters from the German concrete yearbook are now being published in the new English "Beton-Kalender Series" for the benefit of an international audience. Since it was founded in 1906, the Ernst & Sohn "Beton-Kalender" has been supporting developments in reinforced and prestressed concrete. The aim was to publish a yearbook to reflect progress in "ferro-concrete" structures until - as the book's first editor, Fritz von Emperger (1862-1942), expressed it - the "tempestuous development" in this form of construction came to an end. However, the "Beton-Kalender" quickly became the chosen work of reference for civil and structural engineers, and apart from the years 1945-1950 has been published annually ever since.
Editorial ix
About the authors xi
1 Introduction and state of the art
1(16)
1.1 Introductory words and definition
1(1)
1.2 Comparison between ballasted track and ballastless track
1(2)
1.3 Basic ballastless track types in Germany -- the state of the art
3(8)
1.3.1 Developments in Germany
4(1)
1.3.2 Sleeper framework on continuously reinforced slab
5(2)
1.3.3 Continuously reinforced slab with discrete rail seats
7(1)
1.3.4 Precast concrete slabs
7(2)
1.3.5 Special systems for tunnels and bridges
9(1)
1.3.6 Further developments
9(2)
1.3.7 Conclusion
11(1)
1.4 Ballastless track systems and developments in other countries (examples)
11(6)
References
15(2)
2 Design
17(22)
2.1 Basic principles
17(2)
2.1.1 Regulations
17(1)
2.1.2 Basic loading assumptions
18(1)
2.2 Material parameters -- assumptions
19(5)
2.2.1 Subsoil
19(1)
2.2.2 Unbound base layer
20(1)
2.2.3 Base layer with hydraulic binder
21(2)
2.2.4 Slab
23(1)
2.3 Calculations
24(11)
2.3.1 General
24(1)
2.3.2 Calculating the individual rail seat loads
24(4)
2.3.3 Calculating bending stresses in a system with continuously supported track panel
28(1)
2.3.4 System with individual rail seats
28(4)
2.3.5 Example calculation
32(3)
2.4 Further considerations
35(4)
2.4.1 Intermediate layers
35(1)
2.4.2 Temperature effects
35(1)
2.4.3 Finite element method (FEM)
36(1)
References
37(2)
3 Developing a ballastless track
39(6)
3.1 General
39(1)
3.2 Laboratory tests
40(2)
3.2.1 Rail fastening test
40(1)
3.2.2 Testing elastic components
41(1)
3.2.3 Tests on tension clamps
42(1)
3.3 Lateral forces analysis
42(3)
References
43(2)
4 Ballastless track on bridges
45(28)
4.1 Introduction and history
45(8)
4.1.1 Requirements for ballastless track on bridges
45(1)
4.1.2 System-finding
45(2)
4.1.2.1 Geometric restraints
47(1)
4.1.2.2 Acoustics
48(1)
4.1.2.3 Design
48(1)
4.1.3 System trials and implications for later installation
49(1)
4.1.4 Measurements during system trials
50(1)
4.1.4.1 Braking tests
50(1)
4.1.4.2 Acoustic properties after installing a resilient mat
50(1)
4.1.4.3 Deflection of the slab
51(1)
4.1.4.4 Summary of system trials
51(1)
4.1.5 Regulations and planning guidance for laying ballastless track on bridges
51(1)
4.1.6 The Cologne--Rhine/Main and Nuremberg--Ingolstadt lines
51(1)
4.1.7 VDE 8 -- new forms of bridge construction
52(1)
4.2 Systems for ballastless track on bridges
53(9)
4.2.1 The principle behind non-ballasted ballastless track on long bridges
53(1)
4.2.2 Ballastless track components on long bridges
54(1)
4.2.2.1 Rail seats
54(2)
4.2.2.2 Slab
56(1)
4.2.2.3 Cam plate
56(1)
4.2.2.4 Separating layer
57(1)
4.2.2.5 Protective concrete
58(1)
4.2.3 Ballastless track on short bridges
58(1)
4.2.4 Ballastless track on long bridges
59(2)
4.2.5 The bridge areas of ballastless tracks
61(1)
4.2.6 End anchorage
62(1)
4.3 The challenging transition zone
62(11)
4.3.1 General
62(1)
4.3.2 The upper and lower system levels
62(1)
4.3.3 Interaction of superstructure and bridge
63(1)
4.3.4 General actions and deformations at bridge ends
64(2)
4.3.5 Summary of actions
66(1)
4.3.6 Supplementary provisions for ballastless track on bridges and analysis
66(2)
4.3.7 Measures for complying with limit values
68(1)
4.3.8 Summary, consequences and outlook
69(1)
References
70(3)
5 Selected topics
73(16)
5.1 Additional maintenance requirements to be considered in the design
73(1)
5.2 Switches in slab track in the Deutsche Bahn network
73(3)
5.3 Slab track maintenance
76(1)
5.4 Inspections
76(3)
5.4.1 General
76(1)
5.4.2 Cracking and open joints
77(1)
5.4.3 Anchors for fixing sleepers
78(1)
5.4.4 Loosening of sleepers
78(1)
5.4.5 Additional inspections
79(1)
5.5 Slab track repairs
79(2)
5.5.1 Real examples of repairs
79(1)
5.5.2 Renewing rail supports
79(1)
5.5.3 Repairing anchor bolts
80(1)
5.5.4 Dealing with settlement
80(1)
5.5.5 Defective sound absorption elements
80(1)
5.6 Drainage
81(1)
5.6.1 General
81(1)
5.6.2 Draining surface water
81(1)
5.6.3 Central drainage
81(1)
5.6.4 Strip between tracks
81(1)
5.6.5 Cover to sides of slab track
82(1)
5.7 Transitions
82(2)
5.7.1 General
82(1)
5.7.2 Transitions in substructure and permanent way
82(1)
5.7.3 Welding and insulated rail joints
83(1)
5.7.4 Transitions between bridges/tunnels and earthworks
83(1)
5.7.5 Transitions between slab and ballasted track
83(1)
5.7.6 Transitions between different types of slab track
84(1)
5.8 Accessibility for road vehicles
84(2)
5.8.1 General
84(1)
5.8.2 Designing for road vehicles
84(1)
5.8.3 Designing for road vehicle loads
85(1)
5.9 Sound absorption elements
86(3)
5.9.1 General
86(1)
5.9.2 Construction and acoustic requirements
86(1)
5.9.3 Special requirements for materials and construction
86(1)
References
87(2)
Index 89
The authors are extensively involved in planning, operating and inspecting, designing and testing as well as updating specific rules as well as R&D.

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stephan Freudenstein has been a full professor at the Chair and Institute of Road, Railway and Airfield Construction at the Technical University of Munich and director of the test institute of the same name in Pasing, Munich, since 2008. After graduating in civil engineering at TU Munich in 1995 and working at Heilit + Woerner Bau AG, Stephan Freudenstein became a research associate at TU Munich's Chair and Institute of Road, Railway and Airfield Construction in 1997. In 2002 he joined Pfleiderer Infrastrukturtechnik GmbH, now known as RAILONE GmbH, in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany. While there, he headed up the technology and development department. He was responsible for prestressed concrete sleepers and the technical side of various ballastless track projects in Germany and farther afield. The main focus of Prof. Freudenstein's research is the structural design of road and rail superstructure systems and aviation surfaces. He is a member of numerous German and European technical standard committees and committees of independent experts.

Dr.-Ing. Konstantin Geisler graduated in civil engineering at TU Munich in 2010. He was awarded his doctorate by that university in 2016 and now works in academic research at TU Munich's Chair and Institute of Road, Railway and Airfield Construction.

Dipl.-Ing. Tristan Mölter studied civil engineering at TU Darmstadt. Since 1999 he has been responsible for noise control, bridge equipment and provisional bridges at the technology and plant management department of Deutsche Bahn DB Netz AG in Munich. He is the chair of the structural engineering commission (FA KIB) at VDEI (association of German railway engineers) and a member of numerous German and European technical standard committees and committees of independent experts.

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Mißler studied civil engineering at TU Darmstadt. As a team leader and project manager he is responsible for the ballastless track technique and track stability at the track technology management dept. of Deutsche Bahn DB Netz AG in Frankfurt on the Main, Germany. He has pushed on the development of ballastless track for Deutsche Bahn since 1999. In the context of his central technical responsibility he is a member of numerous German and European technical standard committees and committees of independent experts.

Dipl.-Ing. Christian Stolz studied civil engineering at Cologne's University of Applied Sciences. Since 2010 he has been responsible for ballastless track engineering in the track technology management department of Deutsche Bahn DB Netz AG in Frankfurt/Main, Germany. He is a member of numerous German and European technical standard committees, e.g. DIN Standards Committee Railway NA 087-00-01 AA "Infrastructure", DIN subcommittee "Ballastless track" and CEN TC 256/SC 1/WG 46 "Ballastless Track".
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