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E-raamat: Basic GIS Coordinates

(Van Sickle LLC, Denver, Colorado, USA)
  • Formaat: 208 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498774635
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  • Formaat: 208 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498774635
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Coordinates are integral building tools for GIS, cartography, surveying and are vital to the many applications we use today such as smart phones, car navigation systems and driverless cars. Basic GIS Coordinates, Third Edition grants readers with a solid understanding of coordinates and coordinate systems and how they operate as well as valuable insight into what causes them to malfunction. This practical and comprehensive guide lays out the foundation of a coordinate system and the implications behind building it as it elaborates on heights, two coordinate systems, and the rectangular system.The previous editions described horizontal and vertical datums such as the North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83) and the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88). Both will be replaced in 2022 or thereabouts. The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) plans to replace NAD83 with a new semi-dynamic terrestrial reference frame for North America and a new vertical datum will replace NAVD88. The foundation of the new vertical datum will be a temporally tracked gravimetric geoid. The interim period is intended to smooth the transition to the new paradigm and this new edition explores the changes and provides assistance in understanding them.

Arvustused

"Dr. Van Sickle has made yet another contribution to the field with this update on his popular book, Basic GIS Coordinates. As demonstrated with this book, he has a unique capability for explaining the complications and nuances of coordinate systems in an understandable manner. This book should have a prominent place in the library of the many people having a role in using coordinate systems for their work and everyday life." Lynn E. Johnson, University of Colorado, Denver, USA

"No GIS educator or practitioner should be without Basic GIS Coordinates. Jan Van Sickle explains some of our fields most challenging, yet fundamental, concepts with unsurpassed clarity. His combination of long professional experience, deep study, and clear expression prepare him uniquely to create this invaluable reference work. Meanwhile, the impending replacement of North Americas primary horizontal and vertical datums add a new sense of urgency to this welcome 3rd edition." David DiBiase, Esri, Redlands, California, USA

"This book address the issue of accurately representing our 3D planet in a 2D forum. The author covers the traditional ways of representing location in X,Y, and Z space and the challenges with these techniques; and provides a comprehensive view of coordinate systems, datums, and other details associated with location description." Kumar Navulur, PhD, Frederick, Colorado, USA

"The Basic GIS Coordinates by Dr. Van Sickle has become a favorite book for many of my students. I would recommend this book to everybody who wants to learn the foundations of the coordinate systems, datums, and basic geodetic principals. There are several other books on this subject, but Basic GIS Coordinates stands above all of them for one simple reason: the genuine way of describing complex scientific principals in plain English without extensive heavy mathematics. I strongly recommend." Apostol Panayotov, University of Col

Preface ix
Author xi
1 Foundation of a Coordinate System
1(40)
Uncertainty
1(1)
Datums to the Rescue
1(10)
Rene Descartes
2(1)
Cartesian Coordinates
2(2)
Attachment to the Real World
4(1)
Cartesian Coordinates and the Earth
4(4)
The Shape of the Earth
8(3)
Latitude and Longitude
11(11)
Between the Lines
12(1)
Longitude
13(2)
Latitude
15(1)
Categories of Latitude and Longitude
16(1)
The Deflection of the Vertical
17(5)
Directions
22(5)
Azimuths
22(1)
Bearings
22(1)
Astronomic and Geodetic Directions
23(2)
North
25(1)
Magnetic North
25(1)
Grid North
26(1)
Polar Coordinates
27(5)
Summary
30(2)
Exercises
32(9)
2 Building a Coordinate System
41(38)
Legacy Geodetic Surveying
41(2)
Ellipsoids
43(4)
Ellipsoid Definition
43(4)
Ellipsoid Orientation
47(1)
The Initial Point
47(6)
The North American Datum 1927
47(2)
Ground-Based Realization
49(1)
A Systematic Change
49(2)
The North American Datum of 1983
51(1)
Space-Based Realization
52(1)
The Terrestrial Reference Frame
53(2)
Comparing Terrestrial Reference Systems and Terrestrial Reference Frames
53(1)
World Geodetic System 1984
53(1)
TRANSIT
54(1)
Global Positioning System Weeks
54(1)
The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
55(15)
The Conventional Terrestrial Reference System
55(1)
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service Reference Pole
56(2)
The International Terrestrial Reference Frame Realizations
58(1)
The North American Datum of 1983, World Geodetic System 1984, and International Terrestrial Reference Frame
59(2)
International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service 08
61(1)
Replacement of the North American Datum of 1983
62(3)
Transforming Coordinates
65(1)
Transformations versus Coordinate Conversions
65(1)
Integrity
66(1)
Molodenski Transformation
67(1)
Seven-Parameter Transformation
68(1)
Surface Fitting
69(1)
Exercises
70(9)
3 Heights
79(32)
Ellipsoid Height
79(2)
Trigonometric Leveling
81(2)
Spirit Leveling
83(2)
Sea Level
85(2)
Evolution of the Vertical Datum
87(1)
The Zero Point
88(2)
The International Great Lakes Datum
88(1)
The North American Vertical Datum 1988
89(1)
Geoid
90(2)
Dynamic Heights
92(2)
Measuring Gravity
94(2)
Gal
95(1)
Orthometric Correction
96(2)
Ellipsoid, Geoid, and Orthometric Heights
98(1)
NGS Geoid Models
99(5)
Two Categories of Geoid Models
101(3)
Replacement of NAVD88
104(1)
References
105(1)
Exercises
106(5)
4 Two Coordinate Systems
111(44)
State Plane Coordinates
111(29)
Map Projection
111(3)
Polar Map Projections
114(5)
Choices
119(4)
State Plane Coordinate Systems 27 to State Plane Coordinate Systems 83
123(2)
Geodetic Lengths to Grid Lengths
125(8)
Geographic Coordinates to Grid Coordinates
133(1)
Conversion from Geodetic Azimuths to Grid Azimuths
134(5)
State Plane Coordinate Systems to Ground Coordinates
139(1)
Common Problems with State Plane Coordinates
140(1)
Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates
140(6)
Exercises
146(9)
5 The Rectangular System
155(30)
The Initial Points
156(2)
Quadrangles
158(3)
Townships
161(3)
Sections
164(3)
The Subdivision of Sections
167(1)
Township Plats
168(1)
Fractional Lots
169(3)
Naming Aliquot Parts and Corners
172(7)
References
179(1)
Exercises
179(6)
Index 185
Jan Van Sickle has many years of experience in GIS, GPS, surveying, mapping, and imagery. He began working with GPS in the early 1980s when he supervised control work using the Macrometer, the first commercial GPS receiver. He created and led the GIS department at Qwest Communications, Denver, Colorado, for the companys 25,000-mile worldwide fiber optic network. He also led the team that built the GIS for natural gas gathering in the Barnett Shale. He has led nationwide seminars based on his three books: GPS for Land Surveyors, Basic GIS Coordinates, and Surveying Solved Problems. He led the team that collected, processed, and reported control positions for more than 120 cities around the world for the ortho-rectification of satellite imagery now utilized in a global web utility. He managed the creation of the worldwide T&E sites for two major earth observation satellites that are used for frequent accuracy assessments. He created an imagery-based system of deriving road centerlines that meet the stringent Advanced Driver Assistance specifications and developed a method of forest inventory to help quantify that depleted resource in Armenia. He assisted the supervision of the first GPS survey of the Grand Canyon for the photogrammetric evaluation of sandbar erosion along the Colorado River. He has performed three-dimensional mapping with terrestrial photogrammetry and LiDAR as well as Building Information Modeling for major buildings in Washington, DC. He was a member of the team of authors for the Geospatial Technology Competency Model for the Department of Labor.