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E-raamat: Basic Guide to Infection Prevention and Control in Dentistry

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(Queen's University Belfast), (Specialist in Oral Microbiology)
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Basic Guide to INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN DENTISTRY A practical step-by-step guide for all members of the dental team

Thoroughly updated, this new edition ensures all members of the dental team are up to speed on the practical aspects of infection prevention and control. It provides step-by-step guidance on the safe running of a dental practice, clear and concise explanations of the key issues and concepts, an overview of the evidence base, and coverage of legal and regulatory issues about which all staff members need to be aware. With more colour photographs and illustrations than the first edition, it also includes appendices full of useful practical and clinical information, and a companion website offering helpful instructional videos and self-assessment questions.

Key topics include communicable diseases, occupational health and immunization, sharp safe working, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, disinfection of dental instruments, surface decontamination, dental unit waterlines, clinical waste management, and pathological specimen handling.

An indispensable working resource for the busy dental practice, Basic Guide to Infection Prevention and Control in Dentistry, 2nd Edition is also an excellent primer for dental students.

Arvustused

This is a reputable source of infection control and prevention protocols, and this update is necessary to maintain current guidelines on infection control. The book can be used as an additional resource for U.S.-based practices, but it may not be suitable as the sole book because some information is pertinent only to U.K. practice. The book is very thorough if used for proper practice guidelines, but more detail may be necessary based on individual practices Maria Prassas, RDH, MEd, MOT, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry on behalf of Doodys

Foreword viii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
1 Essentials of infection control 1(15)
Why do we need infection control in dentistry?
1(1)
Relative risk and risk perception
2(1)
Risk assessment and the management decision-making process
3(1)
How to perform a risk assessment in a dental practice
4(2)
Hierarchy of risk management control
6(1)
Infection control and the law
7(1)
Legal acts under which dental practice is conducted
8(4)
Published standards and guidance
12(1)
Team approach to prevention of infection
13(3)
2 Communicable diseases in the dental surgery 16(18)
How infections are spread
16(2)
Reservoirs and sources of infection
18(1)
Infectious diseases by route of infection in dentistry
19(1)
Infectious disease by route of transmission in the dental surgery
20(8)
Emerging and re-emerging pathogens
28(6)
3 Occupational health and immunization 34(19)
Occupational health hazards
34(1)
Building a culture of safety
35(2)
Organizing staff health in a dental practice
37(2)
Immunization requirements for dentistry
39(1)
Protecting women of childbearing age
39(4)
Occupational vaccines to protect against hepatitis and TB
43(3)
Health checks and the consequences of blood-borne virus infection
46(1)
Health clearance
47(3)
Duty of care to patients
50(3)
4 Sharp safe working in the dental surgery 53(15)
Why sharps prevention is important
53(2)
When do sharps injuries occur?
55(1)
Preventable sharps injuries
56(1)
How to avoid a sharps injury
56(4)
Managing sharps injuries and splashes
60(2)
Occupational health risk assessment for BBV exposure
62(1)
Management of hepatitis C exposures
62(2)
Postexposure prophylaxis for HIV and hepatitis B
64(2)
Recording of sharps injuries
66(1)
Clinical governance and accident risk assessment
66(2)
5 Hand hygiene 68(17)
Hands as a source of infection
68(1)
Hands as a source of hospital-acquired infection
69(1)
Hand hygiene and teamworking
70(6)
Hand hygiene technique
76(6)
Hand care and prevention of dermatitis
82(3)
6 Personal protection for prevention of cross-infection 85(20)
Why we wear personal protective equipment
85(1)
The role of gloves
86(2)
Choosing a suitable glove for the task
88(1)
Managing an allergy to NRL gloves
88(2)
Managing latex allergies in patients
90(1)
Masks and when to use them
91(4)
Protective eyewear and visors
95(2)
Protection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
97(2)
Tunics and uniforms
99(3)
Protective barriers-plastic aprons and surgical gowns
102(3)
7 Sterilization and disinfection of dental instruments 105(43)
Decontamination cycle
105(1)
Why has cleaning become so important?
106(1)
Legal requirements and technical standards for decontamination
107(3)
Where should instrument decontamination take place?
110(1)
Design of dedicated decontamination units
110(7)
Purchasing of dental equipment
117(1)
Cleaning of dental instruments
118(3)
Disinfection of dental handpieces
121(3)
Mechanical cleaning with an ultrasonic bath
124(2)
Thermal washer disinfectors
126(4)
Instrument inspection
130(1)
Dental instrument sterilization
130(1)
Suitability of sterilizer for different loads
130(1)
Sterilizer installation and validation
131(1)
Steam purity and maintenance of water reservoir chamber
132(1)
How do you know your sterilizer is working?
133(5)
Loading the sterilizer
138(1)
Storage of wrapped and unwrapped instruments
138(4)
Single-use items
142(2)
Variant CJD and rationale for single-use items
144(1)
Disinfection of heat-sensitive equipment and hard surfaces
144(2)
Disinfection of dental impressions
146(2)
8 Dental surgery design, surface decontamination and managing aerosols 148(19)
Dental surgery design
148(5)
Survival of microbes on surgery surfaces
153(1)
General cleaning
154(2)
Surface decontamination in the dental surgery
156(6)
Management of aerosols and splatter
162(2)
Managing large blood or body fluid spillages
164(3)
9 Management of dental unit waterlines 167(15)
What are biofilms?
167(1)
Risk to staff and patient health from dental unit waterlines
168(5)
Methods to reduce the biofilm
173(7)
Control of legionellae in the dental practice water supply
180(2)
10 Healthcare waste management 182(19)
Legislation on hazardous waste disposal
182(2)
Types of waste
184(1)
What is hazardous waste?
185(4)
Clinical waste segregation and classification
189(4)
Amalgam waste and installation of amalgam separators
193(1)
Mercury in the environment
193(2)
Disposal and handling of hazardous waste in the surgery
195(2)
Safe handling of clinical waste prior to disposal
197(1)
Bulk storage of waste for collection
197(1)
Transport of hazardous waste
198(1)
Benefits of waste segregation
198(3)
11 Transport and postage of diagnostic specimens, impressions and equipment for servicing and repair 201(7)
Legal framework
201(1)
Collecting specimens
202(1)
Transport of specimens to the laboratory
203(1)
Transport restrictions
204(1)
Fixed pathological specimens
205(1)
Transporting impressions
206(1)
Equipment to be sent for service or repair
206(2)
Appendix 208(9)
Table A.1 Daily infection control clinical pathway
208(3)
Table A.2 Decontamination methods for specific instruments and items of dental equipment
211(3)
Table A.3 Examples of hand and hard surface disinfectants and dental unit waterline biocides
214(3)
Index 217
About the Authors

Dr Caroline L. Pankhurst BSc, BDS, MSc, PhD, MRCPath, is a former Clinical Senior Lecturer in Oral Microbiology at the Dental Institute of Kings College London and a Specialist in Oral Microbiology.

Professor Wilson A. Coulter BSc, BDS, PGCert Ed, MSc, PhD, FRCPath, is a Professor of Oral Microbiology at the University of Ulster and former Consultant/Reader in Oral Microbiology at the School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queens University Belfast.

The authors are dentally qualified medical microbiologists with extensive experience in the field of infection control in dentistry. They have published numerous scientific studies in the field, the findings of which have been presented at conferences around the world. Both authors have served on government advisory bodies on infection control and decontamination, and teach dentists, nurses, therapists and hygienists at both pre- and post-qualification level in the UK and overseas.
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