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E-raamat: Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics

Series edited by (University of Liverpool, UK), Series edited by (MIT), (University of London, UK), Series edited by (BAE Systems, UK), (University of Southampton, UK)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Aerospace Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jun-2011
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119994107
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Aerospace Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jun-2011
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119994107

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". It represents a subfield of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, with much theory shared between them"--

"Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics, now in its third edition, is widely appreciated as an easily accessible, rounded introduction to the first principles of the aerodynamics of helicopter flight. Concentrating on the well-known Sikorsky configuration of single main rotor with tail rotor, the authors avoid the lengthy mathematical treatment of some textbooks, thereby making the material accessible to undergraduates as well as engineers looking for an introduction to the subject.Early chapters deal with the aerodynamics of the rotor in hover, vertical flight, forward flight and climb. Analysis of these motions is developed to the stage of obtaining the principal results for thrust, power and associated quantities. Later chapters turn to the characteristics of the overall helicopter, its performance, stability and control, and the important field of aerodynamic research is discussed, with some reference also to aerodynamic design practice.This third edition has been brought up to date with a complete new set ofillustrations & imagery, as well as an accompanying website that contains all the calculation files used in the book, problems, solutions and powerpoint slides. The authors address the unique considerations applicable to rotor UAVs/ MAVs, and coverage ofblade dynamics is expanded to include lagging and ground resonance, and new material is included on blade tip design, flow characteristics surrounding the rotor in forward flight, tail rotors, and brown-out, blade sailing and shipborne operations"--

Provided by publisher.

Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics, now in its third edition, is widely appreciated as an easily accessible, rounded introduction to the first principles of the aerodynamics of helicopter flight. Concentrating on the well-known Sikorsky configuration of single main rotor with tail rotor, the authors avoid the lengthy mathematical treatment of some textbooks, thereby making the material accessible to undergraduates as well as engineers looking for an introduction to the subject.

Early chapters deal with the aerodynamics of the rotor in hover, vertical flight, forward flight and climb. Analysis of these motions is developed to the stage of obtaining the principal results for thrust, power and associated quantities. Later chapters turn to the characteristics of the overall helicopter, its performance, stability and control, and the important field of aerodynamic research is discussed, with some reference also to aerodynamic design practice.

This third edition has been brought up to date with a complete new set of illustrations & imagery, as well as an accompanying website that contains all the calculation files used in the book, problems, solutions and powerpoint slides. The authors address the unique considerations applicable to rotor UAVs/ MAVs, and coverage of blade dynamics is expanded to include lagging and ground resonance, and new material is included on blade tip design, flow characteristics surrounding the rotor in forward flight, tail rotors, and brown-out, blade sailing and shipborne operations.

Arvustused

In summary, this greatly improved edition is going to be of interest to all those young people wishing to embark on the understanding of the helicopter, without the fuss of too much detail and too much theory.  (Aeronautical Journal, 1 August 2013)

About the Authors xi
Series Preface xiii
Preface to First Edition xv
Preface to Second Edition xvii
Preface to Third Edition xix
Notation xxiii
Units xxvii
Abbreviations xxix
1 Introduction
1(22)
1.1 Looking Back
1(21)
1.1.1 Early Years
1(2)
1.1.2 First World War Era
3(1)
1.1.3 Inter-war Years
3(3)
1.1.4 Second World War Era
6(1)
1.1.5 Post-war Years
7(6)
1.1.6 The Helicopter from an Engineering Viewpoint
13(9)
1.2 Book Presentation
22(1)
Reference
22(1)
2 Rotor in Vertical Flight: Momentum Theory and Wake Analysis
23(40)
2.1 Momentum Theory for Hover
23(2)
2.2 Non-dimensionalization
25(1)
2.3 Figure of Merit
26(3)
2.4 Axial Flight
29(1)
2.5 Momentum Theory for Vertical Climb
29(5)
2.6 Modelling the Streamtube
34(3)
2.7 Descent
37(8)
2.8 Wind Tunnel Test Results
45(4)
2.9 Complete Induced-Velocity Curve
49(3)
2.9.1 Basic Envelope
49(2)
2.9.2 Autorotation
51(1)
2.9.3 Ideal Autorotation
52(1)
2.10 Summary Remarks on Momentum Theory
52(1)
2.11 Complexity of Real Wake
53(2)
2.12 Wake Analysis Methods
55(3)
2.13 Ground Effect
58(2)
2.14 Brownout
60(3)
References
61(2)
3 Rotor in Vertical Flight: Blade Element Theory
63(16)
3.1 Basic Method
63(5)
3.2 Thrust Approximations
68(2)
3.3 Non-uniform Inflow
70(1)
3.3.1 Constant Downwash
71(1)
3.4 Ideal Twist
71(2)
3.5 Blade Mean Lift Coefficient
73(1)
3.6 Power Approximations
74(2)
3.7 Tip Loss
76(2)
3.8 Example of Hover Characteristics
78(1)
Reference
78(1)
4 Rotor Mechanisms for Forward Flight
79(32)
4.1 The Edgewise Rotor
79(6)
4.2 Flapping Motion
85(3)
4.3 Rotor Control
88(6)
4.4 Equivalence of Flapping and Feathering
94(17)
4.4.1 Blade Sailing
95(1)
4.4.2 Lagging Motion
95(1)
4.4.3 Coriolis Acceleration
95(3)
4.4.4 Lag Frequency
98(1)
4.4.5 Blade Flexibility
99(1)
4.4.6 Ground Resonance
99(10)
References
109(2)
5 Rotor Aerodynamics in Forward Flight
111(28)
5.1 Momentum Theory
111(4)
5.2 Descending Forward Flight
115(5)
5.3 Wake Analysis
120(5)
5.3.1 Geometry of the Rotor Flow
120(5)
5.4 Blade Element Theory
125(14)
5.4.1 Factors Involved
125(3)
5.4.2 Thrust
128(2)
5.4.3 In-Plane H-force
130(1)
5.4.4 Torque and Power
131(2)
5.4.5 Flapping Coefficients
133(3)
5.4.6 Typical Numerical Values
136(2)
References
138(1)
6 Aerodynamic Design
139(40)
6.1 Introductory
139(1)
6.2 Blade Section Design
139(5)
6.3 Blade Tip Shapes
144(4)
6.3.1 Rectangular
144(1)
6.3.2 Swept
144(2)
6.3.3 Advanced Planforms
146(2)
6.4 Tail Rotors
148(17)
6.4.1 Propeller Moment
151(4)
6.4.2 Precession - Yaw Agility
155(5)
6.4.3 Calculation of Downwash
160(2)
6.4.4 Yaw Acceleration
162(2)
6.4.5 Example - Sea King
164(1)
6.5 Parasite Drag
165(3)
6.6 Rear Fuselage Upsweep
168(4)
6.7 Higher Harmonic Control
172(1)
6.8 Aerodynamic Design Process
173(6)
References
177(2)
7 Performance
179(22)
7.1 Introduction
179(1)
7.2 Hover and Vertical Flight
180(3)
7.3 Forward Level Flight
183(1)
7.4 Climb in Forward Flight
184(3)
7.4.1 Optimum Speeds
186(1)
7.5 Maximum Level Speed
187(1)
7.6 Rotor Limits Envelope
187(1)
7.7 Accurate Performance Prediction
188(1)
7.8 A World Speed Record
189(2)
7.9 Speculation on the Really Low-Drag Helicopter
191(2)
7.10 An Exercise in High-Altitude Operation
193(2)
7.11 Shipborne Operation
195(6)
References
200(1)
8 Trim, Stability and Control
201(14)
8.1 Trim
201(3)
8.2 Treatment of Stability and Control
204(1)
8.3 Static Stability
205(3)
8.3.1 Incidence Disturbance
206(1)
8.3.2 Forward Speed Disturbance
207(1)
8.3.3 Angular Velocity (Pitch or Roll Rate) Disturbance
207(1)
8.3.4 Sideslip Disturbance
207(1)
8.3.5 Yawing Disturbance
207(1)
8.3.6 General Conclusion
207(1)
8.4 Dynamic Stability
208(1)
8.4.1 Analytical Process
208(1)
8.4.2 Special Case of Hover
208(1)
8.5 Hingeless Rotor
209(1)
8.6 Control
209(2)
8.7 Autostabilization
211(4)
References
213(2)
9 A Personal Look at the Future
215(8)
References
222(1)
Appendix: Performance and Mission Calculation
223(26)
A.1 Introduction
223(1)
A.2 Glossary of Terms
224(1)
A.3 Overall Aircraft
224(5)
A.3.1 Main Rotor
225(2)
A.3.2 Tail Rotor
227(1)
A.3.3 Complete Aircraft
228(1)
A.3.4 Example of Parameter Values
228(1)
A.4 Calculation of Engine Fuel Consumption
229(1)
A.5 Engine Limits
230(1)
A.5.1 Maximum Continuous Power Rating
231(1)
A.5.2 Take-Off or 1 Hour Power Rating
231(1)
A.5.3 Maximum Contingency or 2 1/2 Minute Power Rating
231(1)
A.5.4 Emergency or 1/2 Minute Power Rating
231(1)
A.6 Calculation of the Performance of a Helicopter
231(6)
A.6.1 Influence of Wind
236(1)
A.7 Mission Analysis
237(3)
A.7.1 Calculation Method
238(1)
A.7.2 Atmospheric Parameters
238(1)
A.7.3 Downwash Calculation
239(1)
A.8 Helicopter Power
240(2)
A.9 Fuel Flow
242(1)
A.10 Mission Leg
242(2)
A.11 Examples of Mission Calculations
244(1)
A.12 Westland Lynx - Search and Rescue
245(4)
A.12.1 Description of the Mission
245(1)
A.12.2 Fuel Consumption
246(3)
Index 249
John Seddon, Formerly of the Ministry of Defence, UK

Simon Newman, University of Southampton, UK