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E-raamat: Basic Steps in Geostatistics: The Variogram and Kriging

  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: SpringerBriefs in Agriculture
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Mar-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319158655
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: SpringerBriefs in Agriculture
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Mar-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319158655

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This brief will provide a bridge in succinct form between the geostatistics textbooks and the computer manuals for `push-button' practice. It is becoming increasingly important for practitioners, especially neophytes, to understand what underlies modern geostatistics and the currently available software so that they can choose sensibly and draw correct conclusions from their analysis and mapping. The brief will contain some theory, but only that needed for practitioners to understand the essential steps in analyses. It will guide readers sequentially through the stages of properly designed sampling, exploratory data analysis, variography (computing the variogram and modelling it), followed by ordinary kriging and finally mapping kriged estimates and their errors. There will be short section on trend and universal kriging. Other types of kriging will be mentioned so that readers can delve further in the substantive literature to tackle more complex tasks.

Arvustused

This text provides a condensed introduction to the fundamental principles, albeit better suited to reader from a mathematical background . its greatest value may be as a concise reference. (Markus Eichhorn, Frontiers of Biogeography, Vol. 7 (3), 2015)

1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Background to Geostatistics
1(1)
1.2 Applications of Geostatistics
2(4)
1.2.1 Mining and Engineering
2(1)
1.2.2 Environmental Pollution
3(1)
1.2.3 Precision Agriculture (PA)
4(2)
1.2.4 Fisheries
6(1)
1.3 Sampling
6(3)
1.3.1 The Domain
7(1)
1.3.2 The Variables
8(1)
1.3.3 Units and Support
8(1)
1.3.4 Practical Matters
8(1)
1.4 The Essence of Geostatistics
9(2)
2 Regionalized Variable Theory
11(4)
2.1 Random Variables and Regionalized Variable Theory
11(4)
2.1.1 Stationarity
12(3)
3 The Variogram and Modelling
15(28)
3.1 The Experimental Variogram
16(3)
3.1.1 Computing the Variogram from Regular Sampling in One Dimension
16(2)
3.1.2 Computing the Variogram from Regular and Irregular Sampling in Two Dimensions
18(1)
3.2 Factors Affecting the Reliability of Experimental Variograms
19(11)
3.2.1 Sample Size
19(4)
3.2.2 Sampling Interval and Spatial Scale
23(1)
3.2.3 Lag Interval and Bin Width
24(1)
3.2.4 Statistical Distribution
25(3)
3.2.5 Anisotropy
28(2)
3.2.6 Trend
30(1)
3.3 Modelling the Variogram
30(7)
3.3.1 Principal Features of the Variogram
30(2)
3.3.2 Variogram Model Functions
32(5)
3.4 Factors Affecting the Reliability of Variogram Models
37(6)
3.4.1 Fitting Models
37(6)
4 Geostatistical Prediction: Kriging
43(28)
4.1 Introduction
43(1)
4.2 Theory
44(23)
4.2.1 Kriging Weights
47(6)
4.2.2 Kriging Neighbourhood
53(4)
4.2.3 Punctual and Block Kriging for Mapping
57(6)
4.2.4 Anisotropy
63(2)
4.2.5 Simple Kriging
65(1)
4.2.6 Lognormal Kriging
66(1)
4.3 Cross-Validation
67(2)
4.4 Summary
69(2)
5 Sampling
71(14)
5.1 Sampling for the Variogram
72(8)
5.1.1 Nested Sampling
73(7)
5.2 Sampling Plans for Mapping
80(3)
5.2.1 Illustrative Example: Sampling to Map Chromium in the Swiss Jura
82(1)
5.3 Summary
83(2)
6 Dealing with Trend
85(10)
6.1 Trend
85(4)
6.1.1 Variogram and Model
88(1)
6.2 Example
89(1)
6.3 Illustration from a Case Study
90(4)
6.4 Summary
94(1)
References 95(4)
Index 99