Preface |
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ix | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xi | |
About the Author |
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xiii | |
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1 Introduction to Hydraulic Power |
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1 | (24) |
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1.1 Power Transmission and Hydraulic Systems |
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1 | (5) |
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1.1.1 Power Transmission in Machinery Systems |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Hydraulic Power Systems on Mobile Equipment |
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2 | (2) |
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1.1.3 Hydraulic Components and System Schematics |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2 Fundamentals of Hydraulic Power Transmission |
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6 | (6) |
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1.2.1 Multiplication of Force |
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6 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Conservation of Energy |
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8 | (3) |
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1.2.3 Continuity of Fluids |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3 Energy and Power in Hydraulic Systems |
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12 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Energy Conversion in Hydraulic Systems |
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12 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Hydraulic Power and Efficiency |
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13 | (2) |
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1.4 Standard Graphical Symbols for Hydraulic System Schematics |
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15 | (3) |
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1.5 Units and Unit Conversion in Hydraulic Systems |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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2 Hydraulic Power Generation |
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25 | (30) |
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25 | (16) |
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2.1.1 Overview of Hydraulic Pumps |
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25 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Principle of Positive Displacement Pumping |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (5) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (7) |
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2.2 Control of Hydraulic Power Generation |
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41 | (10) |
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2.2.1 Corner Power and Pump Efficiency |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Load Sensing with Pressure Limiting |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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3 Hydraulic Power Distribution |
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55 | (54) |
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3.1 Hydraulic Control Valves |
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55 | (36) |
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3.1.1 Overview of Hydraulic Valves |
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55 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Fundamentals of Valve Control |
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57 | (7) |
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3.1.3 Pressure Control Valves |
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64 | (7) |
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3.1.4 Directional Control Valves |
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71 | (5) |
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3.1.5 Flow Control Valves |
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76 | (5) |
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3.1.6 Electrohydraulic Control Valves |
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81 | (6) |
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3.1.7 Programmable Electrohydraulic Valves |
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87 | (2) |
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3.1.8 Select Appropriate Control Valves |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (2) |
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3.2.1 Overview of Hydraulic Manifolds |
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91 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Modular-Block Manifolds |
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91 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Single-Piece Hydraulic Manifolds |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Major Components of Hydraulic lines |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (3) |
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3.3.3 Metal Tubes and Pipes |
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96 | (2) |
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3.3.4 Designing Hydraulic Lines |
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98 | (3) |
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3.3.5 Hose Routing and Installations |
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101 | (2) |
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3.4 Energy Losses and Heat Generation in Power Distribution |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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4 Hydraulic Power Deployment |
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109 | (58) |
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4.1 Hydraulic Power Deployment Components |
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109 | (4) |
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4.1.1 Hydraulic Actuators |
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109 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Principle of Hydraulic Actuating |
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109 | (4) |
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113 | (13) |
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4.2.1 Classification of Hydraulic Cylinders |
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113 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Operating Parameters of Hydraulic Cylinders |
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114 | (6) |
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4.2.3 Hydraulic Cylinder Cushions |
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120 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Hydraulic Cylinder Power Transmission |
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121 | (2) |
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4.2.5 Hydraulic Cylinder Applications |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (20) |
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4.3.1 Classification of Hydraulic Motors |
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126 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Operating Parameters of Hydraulic Motors |
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126 | (3) |
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4.3.3 High-Speed Hydraulic Motors |
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129 | (6) |
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4.3.4 Low-Speed High-Torque Motors |
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135 | (3) |
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4.3.5 Oscillating Rotary Actuators |
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138 | (2) |
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4.3.6 Speed Control and Power Transmission of Hydraulic Motors |
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140 | (6) |
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4.4 Hydrostatic Transmission |
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146 | (17) |
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4.4.1 Overview of Hydrostatic Transmission |
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146 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Configurations of Hydrostatic Transmission |
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148 | (5) |
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4.4.3 Control of Hydrostatic Transmission |
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153 | (6) |
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4.4.4 Applications of Hydrostatic Transmission |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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5 Hydraulic Power Regulation |
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167 | (28) |
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5.1 Overview of Power Regulation |
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167 | (3) |
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5.1.1 Regulating Hydraulic Power |
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167 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Commonly Used Power-Regulating devices |
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168 | (2) |
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5.2 Power-Absorbing Devices |
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170 | (6) |
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5.2.1 Hydraulic Shock Absorbers |
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170 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Hydraulic Fluid Springs |
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173 | (3) |
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5.3 Power Storage Devices |
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176 | (9) |
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5.3.1 Functions of Hydraulic Accumulators |
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176 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Operation Principles of Hydraulic Accumulators |
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178 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Sizing Hydraulic Accumulators |
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181 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Mounting Hydraulic Accumulators |
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183 | (2) |
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5.4 Power Regeneration Devices |
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185 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Functions of Hydraulic Power Regeneration |
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185 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Hydraulic Pressure Intensifiers |
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186 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Two-Speed Hydraulic Cylinders |
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188 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Hydraulic braking chargers |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (3) |
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6 Hydraulic Fluids and Fluid-Handling Components |
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195 | (28) |
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195 | (7) |
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6.1.1 Functions of Hydraulic Fluids |
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195 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Hydraulic Fluid Properties |
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196 | (4) |
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6.1.3 Types of Hydraulic Fluids |
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200 | (2) |
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6.2 Hydraulic Fluids Reservoirs |
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202 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Functionality of Fluid Reservoirs |
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202 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Fluid Reservoir Components |
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203 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Fluid Reservoir Sizing |
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206 | (2) |
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6.3 Hydraulic Fluid Filters |
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208 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Hydraulic Fluid Contamination |
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208 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Fluid Cleanliness Measurements |
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210 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Hydraulic Fluid Filters |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (6) |
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215 | (3) |
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218 | (3) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (30) |
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223 | (11) |
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7.1.1 Pressure Control Circuits |
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223 | (4) |
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7.1.2 Direction Control Circuits |
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227 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Speed Control Circuits |
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228 | (5) |
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7.1.4 Sequencing Control Circuits |
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233 | (1) |
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7.1.5 Synchronizing Control Circuits |
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234 | (1) |
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7.2 Special Function Circuits |
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234 | (6) |
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7.2.1 Pump-Unloading Circuits |
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235 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Cylinder Pressure-Holding Circuits |
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236 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Hydraulic Motors Series-Parallel Circuits |
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236 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Hydraulic Braking Circuits |
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237 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Accumulator Circuits |
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238 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Replenishing and Cooling Circuits |
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239 | (1) |
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7.2.7 Hydraulic Filtering Circuits |
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240 | (1) |
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7.3 Integrated Hydraulic Circuits |
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240 | (9) |
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7.3.1 Hydrostatic Transmission Circuits |
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240 | (4) |
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7.3.2 Multibranch Integrated Hydraulic Circuits |
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244 | (3) |
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7.3.3 Programmable Electrohydraulic Circuits |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (4) |
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8 Hydraulic Systems Modeling |
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253 | (24) |
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8.1 Mathematical Model of Hydraulic Systems |
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253 | (8) |
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8.1.1 Building Blocks of Hydraulic System Modeling |
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253 | (4) |
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8.1.2 Model of Simplified Valve-Controlled Systems |
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257 | (4) |
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261 | (12) |
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8.2.1 System Block Diagram and Transfer Function |
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261 | (5) |
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8.2.2 Transfer Function Simplification |
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266 | (2) |
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8.2.3 System State-Space Equations |
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268 | (1) |
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8.2.4 System Performance Characteristics |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (4) |
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9 Electrohydraulic Systems Control |
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277 | (22) |
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9.1 Concepts of Electrohydraulic System Control |
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277 | (8) |
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9.1.1 Basic Concept of Automatic Controls |
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277 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Open- and Closed-Loop Controls |
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278 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Transient Response and Steady-State Error |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (2) |
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9.1.5 Frequency Response and the Bode Diagram |
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283 | (2) |
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9.2 Hydraulic Velocity, Position, and Force Controls |
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285 | (5) |
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9.2.1 Proportional and Servo Actuation in Electrohydraulic Control Valves |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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9.3 Basic Methods for Electrohydraulic System Controls |
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290 | (4) |
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290 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Modulated Feedforward Control |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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9.3.4 A Few Other Control Methods |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (4) |
Appendix A Hydraulic Power Formulas |
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299 | (4) |
Appendix B Orifice Area Formulas of a Few Typical Shaped Orifices |
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303 | (2) |
Appendix C Some Useful Conversion Factors |
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305 | (2) |
Appendix D Solutions to Selected Exercise Problems |
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307 | (4) |
Index |
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311 | |