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E-raamat: To Be Met as a Person: The Dynamics of Attachment in Professional Encounters

4.50/5 (16 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
  • Formaat: 288 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Apr-2018
  • Kirjastus: Karnac Books
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429923067
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To Be Met as a Person: The Dynamics of Attachment in Professional EncountersSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 288 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Apr-2018
  • Kirjastus: Karnac Books
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429923067
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This book is a thought-provoking read that sets out a framework for thinking about the way we interact with one another. It helps us make sense of the feelings we have when we are successful and not successful in providing help for other people. The author looks at the early research in psychotherapy on this subject and also at attachment theory and how this relates to adults. A series of experiments also explores the role of empathic attunement in effective caregiving.

Arvustused

'This book takes you to the heart of what one needs to learn in order to be able to help those who seek care in social work, medicine or psychotherapy. Una McCluskey takes us a step further in understanding the interaction between careseekers and caregivers. Through her concept of "goal-corrected empathic attunement", based on recent research and empirically grounded theory, she teaches us how clinicians can be trained to become empathically attuned. This book is one of the best examples of clinically relevant research that I have encountered. It deserves to become a classic.'- Christer Sandahl, Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; President of the International Association of Group Psychotherapy'This important and accessible book unravels what lies at the heart of human attachment and the therapeutic process. A "must-read" for caregivers of all persuasions, and for anyone interested in psychotherapy research.'- Christopher Clulow, Director of the Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships'Una McCluskey's work is much needed and very welcome! Building on her vast experience of clinical practice in social work, family therapy, and individual psychodynamic psychotherapy, she has produced a book of enormous importance and relevance for all of us in the caring professions.'- Susan Vas Dias, Attachment-based Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist (UKCP) & Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist (ACP)'Founded on an in-depth knowledge of her own and related fields, competently, rigorously and impressively researched, Dr McCluskey introduces her goal-corrected, empathic attunement. A "must-read" for all who wish to understand the connection between the dynamics of the systems of interactions now to early infant attachment experiences with their caregivers.'- Yvonne M. Agazarian, Ed.D., Systems-centered Training and Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA'This book should be of serious interest not only to psychotherapists and counsellors and those who train them but also to any professional who would want to meet a help-seeking person in a sensitive and responsive way.'- P.O. Svanberg, Consultant Clinical Psychologist; Head of Psychology Services (Sunderland)

Acknowledgments xi
Foreword by Peter D. Campion xiii
Preface xv
1 The dynamics of careseeking and caregiving
Introduction
1(8)
Origins of interest in attunement in therapy
9(4)
Structure of the book
13(2)
2 Research on the process of interaction in adult psychotherapy
Introduction
15(3)
The work of the Chicago Group: 1940-1960
18(5)
From a focus on the individual to a focus on interaction: 1960-1980
23(2)
Psychotherapy research: 1980-2000's
25(3)
Conclusion
28(2)
3 Infant/caregiver interactions: the process of affect identification, communication, and regulation
Introduction
30(2)
From deduction to construction: from Melanie Klein to Gyorgy Gergely
32(3)
Affect regulation is linked with caregiving from the start of life
35(2)
Correct identification of affect by the caregiver affects the infant's developing sense of self
37(3)
How caregivers communicate to infants that they understand their affective state: the process of affect attunement
40(3)
Infants' responsiveness to affective interaction with caregivers and their response to loss of contact with caregivers
43(3)
Caregiver/infant interactions: the patterning of relationship
46(1)
Patterns of affect attunement associated with effective caregiving
47(2)
Affect attunement and empathy
49(2)
Summary
51(3)
4 Patterns of careseeking/caregiving relationships: research into attachment behaviour in infants and young children
Introduction
54(2)
Attachment theory
56(1)
Internal working models of the experience of relationship
56(1)
Attachment classification: stable and persistent over time
57(1)
The adult attachment interview
58(1)
Careseeker/caregiver dyads: communication patterns in relation to affect
59(1)
Careseeker/caregiver dyads: interaction patterns in relation to play
60(1)
Careseeker/caregiver dyads: interaction strategies based on secure or insecure relationships
61(3)
Effective caregiving: attunement to a range of affect
64(2)
Summary
66(4)
5 Presenting the concept of goal-corrected empathic attunement: effective caregiving within psychotherapy
Introduction
70(1)
The attachment dynamic
71(2)
The system for exploration
73(1)
Goal-corrected empathic attunement: a process involved in effective caregiving
74(1)
The psychotherapeutic relationship: an account of interactional sequences using the concept of goal-corrected empathic attunement
75(8)
Where have we come so far?
83(6)
6 First experiment: the identification of affect attunement in adult psychotherapy
Introduction
89(1)
The reasearch design
90(1)
First experiment
91(1)
Materials and procedure
92(1)
Subjects
93(1)
Results
93(5)
Table 1: Ratings of excerpts given by the experts
94(1)
Table 2: Rating of the excerpts by experts and students
94(9)
Characteristics of an 'attuned' therapist
96(1)
Characteristics of a 'non-attuned' therapist
97(1)
Discussion
98(3)
Summary
101(1)
7 Second experiment: is empathic attunement interactive?
Introduction
102(1)
Hypothesis
102(1)
Overview of the experiment
102(1)
Methodology: subjects
103(1)
Method of allocation to groups
103(1)
Table 3: The experimental group and the control group
103(1)
Confidentiality
104(1)
Materials and practical arrangements
104(1)
Procedure
104(1)
Rating instruments
105(1)
The mechanics of the debriefing
105(1)
My experience of the debriefing sessions
106(1)
Manging and collating the qualitative material
106(1)
Statistical analysis
107(1)
Correct identification of attuned and non-attuned excerpts by the experimental group and the control group
107(1)
Qualitative analysis
108(10)
Chart 1: Correct and incorrect identification of verbal and non-verbal behaviour
110(5)
Chart 2: Interpretation of non-attuned extract
115(3)
Discussion
118(2)
Summary
120(2)
8 Third experiment: an experiment designed to test whether secure attachment style correlates with empathic attunement and whether empathic attunement can be improved with training
Introduction
122(1)
Overview
123(1)
Table 4: The design and rationale for the study
124(1)
Reasons for employing professional actors
124(1)
Hiring the actors
125(1)
Reasons for deciding the number of actors and students to be involved
125(1)
Constructing the scenarios
126(1)
Creating a control group and an experimental group for the purposes of training
127(1)
The process of creating matched pairs
127(1)
Creating a measure of caregiving: the careseeker's and caregiver's perspectives
127(1)
Briefing for the students
128(1)
Briefing for the actors
129(1)
Briefing for the cameramen
129(1)
Observations of the day
130(2)
Training
132(1)
Discussion
132(1)
Experiment time two
133(1)
Attachment questionnaires
133(2)
Summary
135(1)
9 The process of obtaining a reliable measure for goal-corrected empathic attunement
Introduction
136(1)
Phase one: method
137(1)
Creating a measuring instrument
137(2)
Obtaining the clinical material
139(4)
Modifying the rating instrument
143(1)
Creating a second measuring instrument
143(2)
Rating procedure
145(2)
Issues arising from the first attempt at getting a reliable rating
147(1)
Involving a second independent rater
147(1)
Table 5: Empathic attunement score correlation between two independent raters and self
148(1)
Phase two: method
148(3)
Table 6: Empathic attunement between independent rater and self
150(1)
Table 7: Scores of all three raters for each of the 12 students
150(1)
Learning from our mistakes or repeating our mistakes
151(1)
Analysis of our attempts so far
152(5)
Example 1: Goal-corrected empathic attunement within the context of psychotherapy
155(1)
Example 2: Poor goal-correctedempathic attunement
156(1)
Phase three: method
157(1)
Technique for managing defensive processes
158(3)
Table 8: Correlation between the two independent raters on21 segments of tape taken from four interviews
159(1)
Table 9: Correlation between the two independent raters on the average of 1.5-minute segments of tape from twelve interviews
160(1)
Table 10: Correlation between the two independent raters on twelve tapes
160(1)
Summary
161(1)
10 Results of the Third Experiment
Introduction
162(1)
Measures
163(1)
Table 11: Internal consistency of the scales involved in caregivers' measure of caregiving
164(1)
Table 12: Frequency of distribution: caregivers' (students') score
164(1)
Subjective measures of empathic attunement: careseekers' (actors') score
164(4)
Chart 3: Students' score/frequency of distribution
165(1)
Table 13: Internal consistency of the scales involved in careseekers' measure of caregiving
166(1)
Table 14: Frequency of distribution: careseekers' (actors') score
166(1)
Chart 4: Actors' score/frequency of distribution
167(1)
Chart 5: Independent measure of GCEA/frequency of distribution
167(1)
Correlations between the measurers
168(2)
Table 15: Correlation between measures of careseeker/caregiver interaction
168(1)
Chart 6: Student score by actor score
169(1)
Analysis of variance
170(1)
Table 16: Analysis of variance student score
170(1)
Table 17: Analysis of variance actor score (total score)
170(1)
Table 18: Analysis of variance: independent measure
171(1)
Summary
171(1)
Goal-corrected empathic attunement and attachment style
172(4)
Table 19: Correlation between measures of compulsive caregiving and insecure attachment with the careseekers', caregivers' and the independent scores for empathic attunement
173(1)
Chart 7: Goal-corrected attunement score by attachment score
174(1)
Chart 8: Mean goal-corrected attunement score by predicted GCEA score
175(1)
Results of training: Experimental group
176(3)
Table 20: Trained students' average scores: day one and day two
177(1)
Table 21: Student, time and student score: an analysis of variance
177(1)
Table 22: Student, time and actor score: an analysis of variance
178(1)
Table 23: Student, time and independent score: an analysis of variance
178(1)
Results of training: Control group
179(2)
Table 24: Average scores for untrained students on day one and day two: self-assessment. Actors' scores and empathic attunement scores
179(1)
Table 25: Student, time and score: an analysis of variance
180(1)
Table 26: Student, time and actor score: an analysis of variance
180(1)
Improvement score
181(3)
Table 27: Students' average score at time 1: independent rater
181(1)
Table 28: Caregivers' (students') average score at time 2: independent rater
181(1)
Table 29: Improvement score for experimental and control groups
182(1)
Table 30: Improvement score for careseeker (actor) and caregiver (student)
182(1)
Table 31: Student, time and independent score: an analysis of variance
183(1)
Measures
184(1)
Attachment style and independent measure of goal-corrected empathic attunement
185(1)
Training
186(2)
Conclusion
188(1)
11 Patterns of functional and dysfunctional careseeking-caregiving partnerships
Introduction
189(2)
Extended attachment theory and goal-corrected instinctive systems
191(2)
Data
193(3)
Interactions patterns and the emotive messages that accompany them
196(1)
The regulation or lack of regulation of careseeker vitality states through effective or ineffective misattunement or non-attunement by the caregiver
196(5)
Sequences of interaction depicting affect regulation through purposeful misattunement to affect
201(5)
Affect identification, regulation and containment
206(2)
Non-attunement to affect giving rise to self-defence in the careseeking-caregiving partnership
208(2)
Instinctive fear system overriding the arousal of exploratory caregiving
210(4)
Goal-corrected empathic attunement: amplification of affect and affect regulation
214(4)
Comment
218(1)
Careseeking: typical styles of communication
219(1)
Caregivers: typical responses to careseeking
220(1)
Patterns of interaction associated with effective and ineffective caregiving
221(6)
Example of a successful consultation
227(11)
Summary
238(1)
12 Interactions between therapists and patients and their roots in infancy
Introduction
239(1)
Theoretical development
239(5)
Empirical research
244(3)
Subsequent work
247(1)
Five styles of careseeking behaviour
247(1)
Caregiver responses
248(1)
The power of vitality affects to convey emotional states
248(1)
Conclusion
249(1)
Appendix 1 Role play scenarios for day one 250(2)
Appendix 2 Measure of student attunement to be completed by the student after each interview 252(2)
Appendix 3 Measure of student attunement to be completed by the actor after each interview 254(2)
Appendix 4 Role play scenarios for day two 256(3)
References 259(6)
Index 265
Una McCluskey graduated from University College Dublin, did her professional social work training at the University of Edinburgh, and got her PhD from the University of York. She has written extensively on individuals, couple, family and group systems, and has developed her own model for exploring attachment dynamics in adult life. Her research on affect attunement in adult psychotherapy led her to develop a theory of interaction for psychotherapy and particularly to identify and rate the concept of goal corrected empathic attunement. Throughout the last ten years she has been providing courses for workers and experienced professionals in the field of psychology, psychotherapy, social work, medicine, organisational management and development, education, nursing, art therapy, legal practice, religious and pastoral carers, to enable them explore their own dynamics of attachment in adult life as outlined by the work of Heard and Lake and to check its application to their personal and work life.
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