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E-raamat: Becoming Metric-Wise: A Bibliometric Guide for Researchers

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(Researcher at KU Leuven and at the University of Antwerp), (University of Hasselt, Belgium), (University of Antwerp, Belgium)
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Becoming Metric-Wise: A Bibliometric Guide for ResearchersSuurem pilt
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Becoming Metric-Wise: A Bibliometric Guide for Researchers aims to inform researchers about metrics so that they become aware of the evaluative techniques being applied to their scientific output. Understanding these concepts will help them during their funding initiatives, and in hiring and tenure. The book not only describes what indicators do (or are designed to do, which is not always the same thing), but also gives precise mathematical formulae so that indicators can be properly understood and evaluated. Metrics have become a critical issue in science, with widespread international discussion taking place on the subject across scientific journals and organizations.

As researchers should know the publication-citation context, the mathematical formulae of indicators being used by evaluating committees and their consequences, and how such indicators might be misused, this book provides an ideal tome on the topic.

  • Provides researchers with a detailed understanding of bibliometric indicators and their applications
  • Empowers researchers looking to understand the indicators relevant to their work and careers
  • Presents an informed and rounded picture of bibliometrics, including the strengths and shortcomings of particular indicators
  • Supplies the mathematics behind bibliometric indicators so they can be properly understood
  • Written by authors with longstanding expertise who are considered global leaders in the field of bibliometrics
Biographies ix
Preface xi
Acronyms xiii
1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Metrics in the Information Sciences
1(4)
1.2 A Short Overview of Topics Studied in the Field of Informetrics
5(1)
1.3 Instruments
6(1)
1.4 Other Metrics and the Larger Picture
7(1)
1.5 Mathematical Terminology
8(3)
2 Scientific Research and Communication
11(26)
2.1 Knowledge and Scientific Research
11(6)
2.2 Scientific Discoveries
17(6)
2.3 A Two-Tier Publication System
23(10)
2.4 A Three-Tier Evaluation System
33(4)
3 Publishing in Scientific Journals
37(30)
3.1 Editorship and Peer Review
37(15)
3.2 Open Access (OA)
52(7)
3.3 Scientific Misconduct: Fraud, Plagiarism, Retraction and the Integrity of the Publication Record
59(8)
4 Statistics
67(1)
4.1 Introduction
67(1)
Part A Descriptive Statistics
68(22)
4.2 Simple Representations
68(5)
4.3 Measures of Central Tendency
73(4)
4.4 Cumulative Distributions and the Quantile Function
77(3)
4.5 Measures of Statistical Dispersion
80(2)
4.6 The Boxplot
82(1)
4.7 Scatterplots and Linear Regression
83(2)
4.8 Nonparametric Linear Regression
85(1)
4.9 Contingency Tables
86(1)
4.10 The Lorenz Curve and the Gini Index
87(3)
4.11 Applications in Informetrics
90(1)
Part B Inferential Statistics
90(249)
4.12 The Normal Distribution
90(3)
4.13 Hypothesis Testing
93(4)
4.14 Concluding Remarks on Statistics
97(2)
5 Publication and Citation Analysis
99(56)
5.1 Publication and Citation Analysis: Definitions
99(4)
5.2 Citation Indices: Generalities
103(3)
5.3 Citing and Reasons to Cite
106(2)
5.4 Citation Classification Schemes
108(3)
5.5 Authors and Their Citation Environment
111(2)
5.6 Difficulties Related to Counting
113(9)
5.7 A Note on Eponyms
122(1)
5.8 The Ethics of Citing
123(1)
5.9 Citation Networks and the Mathematics of Citation
123(8)
5.10 Bibliographic Coupling and Cocitation Analysis
131(9)
5.11 Tri-citations
140(1)
5.12 Highly-Cited Documents Become Concept Symbols
140(1)
5.13 Citation Generations
141(4)
5.14 Delayed Recognition and Sleeping Beauties
145(3)
5.15 A Short Description of the Web of Science
148(2)
5.16 Scopus
150(1)
5.17 Google Scholar (GS)
151(1)
5.18 Comparisons
152(1)
5.19 Final Remarks
153(2)
6 Journal Citation Analysis
155(46)
6.1 Scientific Journals
155(1)
6.2 The Publication-Citation Matrix per Article
156(1)
6.3 The Publication-Citation Matrix of a Journal and the Garfield-Sher (1963) Impact Factor: Introduction
156(2)
6.4 Synchronous Impact Factors
158(2)
6.5 Diachronous Impact Factors
160(1)
6.6 More on Publication-Citation Matrices and Impact Factors
161(3)
6.7 Remarks About Journal Impact Factors
164(4)
6.8 The h-index for Journals
168(1)
6.9 Indicators That Take the Importance of the Citing Journal into Account
169(4)
6.10 Correlations Between Journal Indicators
173(1)
6.11 The Audience Factor
174(1)
6.12 The SNIP Indicator
175(3)
6.13 Clarivate Analytics' Journal Citation Reports
178(6)
6.14 Structure of the SCImago Database
184(2)
6.15 Problems Related to Impact Factors
186(2)
6.16 CiteScore Index
188(1)
6.17 Who Makes Use of Bibliometric Indicators?
188(1)
6.18 Ranking Journals
189(5)
6.19 The Median Impact Factor
194(1)
6.20 Mathematical Properties of the Diachronous and the Synchronous Impact Factor
195(3)
6.21 Additional Information
198(3)
7 Indicators
201(46)
7.1 Introduction
201(2)
7.2 Collaboration and Collaboration Indices
203(4)
7.3 The h-index
207(5)
7.4 Simple Variations on the h-index
212(5)
7.5 h-Type Indices That Take the Number of Received Citations by Highly Cited Publications into Account
217(3)
7.6 Some Other h-type Indices
220(1)
7.7 A General Impact Factor
221(2)
7.8 Success Indices and Success Multipliers
223(2)
7.9 Percentile Rank Score and the Integrated Impact Indicator
225(1)
7.10 Citation Merit
226(1)
7.11 Time Series of Indicators
227(8)
7.12 The Outgrow Index (CR Index) and Related Indices
235(3)
7.13 So's Openness and Affinity Indices
238(4)
7.14 Prathap's Thermodynamic Indicators
242(1)
7.15 Characteristic Scores and Scales
243(1)
7.16 Concluding Remarks
244(3)
8 Research Evaluation
247(46)
8.1 Introduction
248(7)
8.2 The Leiden Manifesto
255(2)
8.3 University Evaluation
257(1)
8.4 University Rankings
258(10)
8.5 Evaluation of Research Groups
268(4)
8.6 Top x% Publications
272(1)
8.7 Country Studies
273(1)
8.8 Some Remarks on Evaluations of Individuals
274(2)
8.9 Paying Attention to the Social Sciences and Arts & Humanities
276(4)
8.10 How to Evaluate Top Labs: An Example From China
280(3)
8.11 The Nature Index
283(1)
8.12 Reflections and Comments
283(4)
8.13 Further Remarks
287(4)
8.14 Conclusion
291(2)
9 The Informetric Laws
293(22)
9.1 Introduction
293(1)
9.2 One-Dimensional Informetrics
293(6)
9.3 Two-Dimensional Informetrics
299(7)
9.4 Two Applications of Lotka's Law
306(2)
9.5 Measuring Inequality
308(3)
9.6 Measuring Diversity for a Variable Number of Cells
311(4)
10 Networks
315(18)
10.1 Basic Network Theory
315(4)
10.2 Network Indicators
319(10)
10.3 h-Indices in Networks
329(2)
10.4 Software for Network Analysis
331(2)
11 Timeline of Informetrics
333(6)
Appendix: Recipients of the Derek J. de Solla Price Award 339(2)
Bibliography 341(36)
Index 377
Dr Ronald Rousseau is Researcher at The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium in the Department of Industrial Sciences and Technology. Rousseau; with Leo Egghe, received the Derek de Solla Price award on scientometrics (2001). He is the former president of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, and co-author of Introduction to Informetrics, also published by Elsevier. Leo Egghe is the founding Editor in Chief of the Elsevier Journal, Journal of Informetrics. Along with Ronald Rousseau, he received the Derek de Solla Price award on scientometrics (2001) and was in 2014 among highly cited scientists according to Thomson Reuters/Clarivate Analytics. Raf Guns is a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. He received the 2013 Emerald/EFMD Outstanding Doctoral Research Award for his doctoral dissertation: Missing links: Predicting interactions based on a multi-relational network structure with applications in informetrics.
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