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9 | (4) |
Introduction |
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13 | (16) |
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29 | (16) |
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1.1 Electoral Integrity and Electoral Malpractice |
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29 | (8) |
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29 | (4) |
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1.1.2 Electoral Malpractice: Taxonomies |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | (8) |
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2 Elections and Travails of Turkish Democracy |
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45 | (20) |
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2.1 Multi-party Democracy and Elections in Turkey 1950-2002 |
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46 | (7) |
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2.2 AKP as a (Pre)dominant Party and (De)democratisation of Turkey. Towards Political Hegemony |
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53 | (10) |
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63 | (2) |
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3 Electoral Malpractices and Regime Change in Turkey |
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65 | (52) |
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66 | (4) |
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3.2 Review of Electoral Malpractices |
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70 | (30) |
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3.2.1 Manipulation of the Law |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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Voting and Electoral Authorities |
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78 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Manipulation of Vote Choice |
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79 | (1) |
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Manipulation of Genuine Preferences |
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79 | (11) |
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90 | (4) |
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3.2.3 Manipulation of the Voting Act |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Counting and Tabulation of Votes |
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97 | (1) |
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Last Stages of Electoral Cycle |
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98 | (2) |
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3.3 Impact of Electoral Malpractices on Political Regime |
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100 | (12) |
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3.3.1 General Model of Relationship |
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101 | (4) |
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3.3.2 Feedback Mechanism: Process-Tracing Analysis |
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105 | (7) |
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112 | (5) |
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4 Electoral Malpractices and Regime Change in Central Europe and the Balkans - Case Study of Hungary, North Macedonia and Serbia |
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117 | (52) |
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117 | (8) |
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4.1.1 Democratisation and Its Retreat in Central Europe and the Balkans: General Context |
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117 | (2) |
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4.1.2 De-democratisation and Electoral Malpractices in Turkey, Central Europe and the Balkans from a Comparative Perspective |
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119 | (5) |
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4.1.3 Comparative Perspective: Methods and Structure of the Chapter |
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124 | (1) |
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4.2 Hungary and the Fidesz Government |
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125 | (13) |
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4.2.1 Institutional, Political and Social Context Prior to Fidesz Victory in 2010 |
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125 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2010-2014 |
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127 | (8) |
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4.2.3 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2014-2018 |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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4.3 Serbia under the Rule of Aleksandar Vucic and SNS |
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138 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Institutional, Political and Social Context Prior to SNS Victory in 2014 |
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138 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2014-2016 |
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141 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2016-2017 |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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4.4 North Macedonia: The Rise and Fall of Nikola Gruevski's Government |
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148 | (13) |
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4.4.1 Institutional, Political and Social Context Prior to 2006 |
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148 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: De-democratisation in 2006-2014 |
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150 | (6) |
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4.4.3 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: Re-democratisation in 2014-2016? |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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4.5 Conclusion: Common Patterns in Electoral Malpractices and De-democratisation in Central Europe and the Balkans |
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161 | (8) |
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5 Electoral Malpractices and Regime Change in Latin America: Case Study of Nicaragua and Venezuela |
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169 | (36) |
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169 | (7) |
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5.1.1 Democratisation and Its Retreat in Latin America: General Context |
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169 | (2) |
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5.1.2 De-democratisation and Electoral Malpractices in Turkey and Latin America from a Comparative Perspective |
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171 | (4) |
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5.1.3 Comparative Perspective: Methods and Structure of the Chapter |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (12) |
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5.2.1 Institutional, Political and Social Context Prior to Daniel Ortegas Victory in 2006 |
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176 | (4) |
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5.2.2 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2006-2011 |
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180 | (4) |
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5.2.3 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2011-2016 |
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184 | (4) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (14) |
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5.3.1 Elections and Consolidation of Power by 2010 |
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188 | (4) |
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5.3.2 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2010-2013 |
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192 | (5) |
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5.3.3 Regime Change and Electoral Malpractices: 2013-2018 |
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197 | (4) |
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201 | (1) |
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5.4 Conclusion: Common Patterns in Electoral Malpractices and De-democratisation in Latin America |
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202 | (3) |
Conclusions |
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205 | (10) |
Annex |
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215 | (6) |
Bibliography |
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221 | (32) |
Index |
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253 | |