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E-raamat: Big Crisis Data: Social Media in Disasters and Time-Critical Situations

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jul-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316694657
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Big Crisis Data: Social Media in Disasters and Time-Critical SituationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jul-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316694657
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"Social media is an invaluable source of time-critical information during a crisis. However, emergency response and humanitarian relief organizations that would like to use this information struggle with an avalanche of social media messages that exceedshuman capacity to process. Emergency managers, decision makers, and affected communities can make sense of social media through a combination of machine computation and human compassion - expressed by thousands of digital volunteers who publish, process,and summarize potentially life-saving information. This book brings together computational methods from many disciplines: natural language processing, semantic technologies, data mining, machine learning, network analysis, human-computer interaction, andinformation visualization, focusing on methods that are commonly used for processing social media messages under time-critical constraints, and offering more than 500 references to in-depth information"--

"Social media is an invaluable source of time-critical information during a crisis. However, emergency response and humanitarian relief organizations that would like to use this information struggle with an avalanche of social media messages that exceedshuman capacity to process. Emergency managers, decision makers, and affected communities can make sense of social media through a combination of machine computation and the human compassion expressed by millions of digital volunteers who publish, process, and summarize potentially life-saving information. This book brings together computational methods from many disciplines: natural language processing, semantic technologies, data mining, machine learning, network analysis, human-computer interaction, and information visualization, focusing on methods that are commonly used for processing social media messages under time-critical constraints, and offering more than 450 references to in-depth information"--

Arvustused

'Castillo has provided an accessible path through a wide and sometimes unwieldy literature on crisis informatics. This book has an important and timely focus on big data issues, which both challenge and enlighten our understanding of human behavior in disaster events.' Leysia Palen, Professor of Computer Science, and Professor and Founding Chair of the Department of Information Science, University of Colorado, Boulder 'Gaining situational awareness in a disaster is critical and time sensitive in nature. Social media presents the possibilities of a new and exciting data source to help improve response in the early hours and days of a crisis. Castillo has not only researched, but also contributed to building technologies that help both to make sense of social media and to integrate it into existing information flows and decision-making processes. This book helps walk the reader through the state of the art in several aspects of the big crisis data field, including many elements that are important for these technologies to have real-world impact.' Andrej Verity, Co-Founder, Digital Humanitarian Network, and Information Management Officer, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 'Social media has played an indispensable role during all of the recent disasters and crises. If you are a researcher looking for ways to make sense of the data that inundates us during such events or a practitioner struggling to make such data actionable, this book needs to be your first source. Castillo has masterfully synthesized a large number of techniques and capabilities in a unified framework to cover this already broad field for the reader.' Amit Sheth, Executive Director of Kno.e.sis, Wright State University, Ohio

Muu info

Social media is invaluable during crises like natural disasters, but difficult to analyze. This book shows how computer science can help.
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction
1(17)
1.1 "Sirens going off now!! Take cover ... be safe!"
2(1)
1.2 What Is a Disaster?
3(2)
1.3 Information Flows in Social Media
5(3)
1.4 The Data Deluge
8(1)
1.5 Requirements: "Big Picture" Versus "Actionable Insights"
9(2)
1.6 Organizational Challenges
11(2)
1.7 Scope and Organization of This Book
13(3)
1.8 Further Reading and Online Appendix
16(2)
2 Volume: Data Acquisition, Storage, and Retrieval
18(17)
2.1 Social Media Data Sizes
18(4)
2.2 Data Acquisition
22(6)
2.3 Postfiltering and De-Duplication
28(1)
2.4 Data Representation / Feature Extraction
29(2)
2.5 Storage and Indexing
31(1)
2.6 Research Problems
32(2)
2.7 Further Reading
34(1)
3 Vagueness: Natural Language and Semantics
35(16)
3.1 Social Media Is Conversational
36(1)
3.2 Text Preprocessing
37(4)
3.3 Sentiment Analysis
41(1)
3.4 Named Entities
42(2)
3.5 Geotagging and Geocoding
44(2)
3.6 Extracting Structured Information
46(1)
3.7 Ontologies for Explicit Semantics
47(1)
3.8 Research Problems
48(1)
3.9 Further Reading
49(2)
4 Variety: Classification and Clustering
51(17)
4.1 Content Categories
52(5)
4.2 Supervised Classification
57(6)
4.3 Unsupervised Classification / Clustering
63(3)
4.4 Research Problems
66(1)
4.5 Further Reading
66(2)
5 Virality: Networks and Information Propagation
68(11)
5.1 Crisis Information Networks
69(4)
5.2 Cascading of Crisis Information
73(3)
5.3 User Communities and User Roles
76(2)
5.4 Research Problems
78(1)
5.5 Further Reading
78(1)
6 Velocity: Online Methods and Data Streams
79(17)
6.1 Stream Processing
80(1)
6.2 Analyzing Temporal Data
81(2)
6.3 Event Detection
83(2)
6.4 Event-Detection Methods
85(5)
6.5 Incremental Update Summarization
90(2)
6.6 Domain-Specific Approaches
92(2)
6.7 Research Problems
94(1)
6.8 Further Reading
94(2)
7 Volunteers: Humanitarian Crowdsourcing
96(14)
7.1 Digital Volunteering
97(2)
7.2 Organized Digital Volunteering
99(3)
7.3 Motivating Volunteers
102(2)
7.4 Digital Volunteering Tasks
104(3)
7.5 Hybrid Systems
107(1)
7.6 Research Problems
108(1)
7.7 Further Reading
109(1)
8 Veracity: Misinformation and Credibility
110(13)
8.1 Emergencies, Media, and False Information
111(2)
8.2 Policy-Based Trust and Social Media
113(1)
8.3 Misinformation and Disinformation
114(1)
8.4 Verification Practices
115(2)
8.5 Automatic Credibility Analysis
117(4)
8.6 Research Problems
121(1)
8.7 Further Reading
122(1)
9 Validity: Biases and Pitfalls of Social Media Data
123(15)
9.1 Studying the "Offline" World Using "Online" Data
124(2)
9.2 The Digital Divide
126(2)
9.3 Content Production Issues
128(1)
9.4 Infrastructure and Technological Factors
129(1)
9.5 The Geography of Events and Geotagged Social Media
130(4)
9.6 Evaluation of Alerts Triggered from Social Media
134(1)
9.7 Research Problems
135(1)
9.8 Further Reading
136(2)
10 Visualization: Crisis Maps and Beyond
138(14)
10.1 Crisis Maps
138(4)
10.2 Crisis Dashboards
142(3)
10.3 Interactivity
145(4)
10.4 Research Problems
149(1)
10.5 Further Reading
150(2)
11 Values: Privacy and Ethics
152(12)
11.1 Protecting the Privacy of Individuals
153(3)
11.2 Intentional Human-Induced Disasters
156(1)
11.3 Protecting Citizen Reporters and Digital Volunteers
157(1)
11.4 Ethical Experimentation
158(1)
11.5 Giving Back and Sharing Data
159(2)
11.6 Research Problems
161(1)
11.7 Further Reading
162(2)
12 Conclusions and Outlook
164(7)
12.1 The Quality of Crisis Information
165(1)
12.2 Peer Production of Crisis Information
166(1)
12.3 Technologies for Crisis Communications in Social Media
167(1)
12.4 User-Generated Images, Video, and Aerial Photography
167(1)
12.5 Outlook
168(3)
Bibliography 171(38)
Index 209(2)
Terms and Acronyms 211
Carlos Castillo is a researcher in social computing. He is a web miner with a background in information retrieval, and has been influential in the areas of web content quality and credibility. He has co-authored more than seventy publications in top-tier international conferences and journals, a monograph on adversarial web search, and a book on information and influence propagation.
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