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1 | (20) |
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1.1 The Bilevel Optimization Problem |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Possible Transformations into a One-Level Problem |
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2 | (6) |
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1.3 An Easy Bilevel Optimization Problem: Continuous Knapsack Problem in the Lower Level |
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8 | (2) |
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1.4 Short History of Bilevel Optimization |
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10 | (2) |
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1.5 Applications of Bilevel Optimization |
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12 | (9) |
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1.5.1 Optimal Chemical Equilibria |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Optimal Traffic Tolls |
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13 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Optimal Operation Control of a Virtual Power Plant |
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14 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Spot Electricity Market with Transmission Losses |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Discrimination Between Sets |
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16 | (2) |
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1.5.6 Support Vector Machines |
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18 | (3) |
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2 Linear Bilevel Optimization Problem |
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21 | (20) |
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2.1 The Model and First Properties |
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21 | (6) |
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2.2 Optimality Conditions |
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27 | (6) |
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33 | (8) |
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2.3.1 Computation of a Local Optimal Solution |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (6) |
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3 Reduction of Bilevel Programming to a Single Level Problem |
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41 | (76) |
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41 | (6) |
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3.2 Parametric Optimization Problems |
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47 | (5) |
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3.3 Convex Quadratic Lower Level Problem |
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52 | (2) |
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3.4 Unique Lower Level Optimal Solution |
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54 | (8) |
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3.4.1 Piecewise Continuously Differentiable Functions |
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55 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Necessary and Sufficient Optimality Conditions |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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3.5 The Classical KKT Transformation |
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62 | (22) |
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3.5.1 Stationary Solutions |
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62 | (7) |
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3.5.2 Solution Algorithms |
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69 | (15) |
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3.6 The Optimal Value Transformation |
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84 | (11) |
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3.6.1 Necessary Optimality Conditions |
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85 | (2) |
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3.6.2 Solution Algorithms |
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87 | (8) |
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3.7 Primal KKT Transformation |
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95 | (5) |
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3.8 The Optimistic Bilevel Programming Problem |
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100 | (17) |
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3.8.1 One Direct Approach |
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100 | (4) |
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3.8.2 An Approach Using Set-Valued Optimization |
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104 | (9) |
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3.8.3 Optimality Conditions Using Convexificators |
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113 | (4) |
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4 Convex Bilevel Programs |
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117 | (16) |
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4.1 Optimality Conditions for a Simple Convex Bilevel Program |
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117 | (8) |
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4.1.1 A Necessary but Not Sufficient Condition |
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117 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Necessary Tools from Cone-Convex Optimization |
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119 | (3) |
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4.1.3 A Solution Algorithm |
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122 | (3) |
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4.2 A Penalty Function Approach to Solution of a Bilevel Variational Inequality |
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125 | (8) |
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125 | (1) |
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4.2.2 An Existence Theorem |
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126 | (2) |
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4.2.3 The Penalty Function Method |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (3) |
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5 Mixed-Integer Bilevel Programming Problems |
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133 | (62) |
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5.1 Location of Integrality Conditions in the Upper or Lower Level Problems |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (5) |
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141 | (17) |
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5.3.1 Regions of Stability |
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141 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Properties of the Solution Sets |
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143 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Extended Solution Sets |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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5.3.5 Weak Solution Functions |
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147 | (3) |
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5.3.6 Optimality Conditions |
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150 | (6) |
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5.3.7 Computation of Optimal Solutions |
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156 | (2) |
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5.4 Optimality Conditions Using a Radial-Directional Derivative |
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158 | (16) |
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5.4.1 A Special Mixed-Discrete Bilevel Problem |
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158 | (3) |
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5.4.2 Some Remarks on the Sets ΨD(x) and R(y) |
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161 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Basic Properties of φ(x) |
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163 | (3) |
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5.4.4 The Radial-Directional Derivative |
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166 | (2) |
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5.4.5 Optimality Criteria Based on the Radial-Directional Derivative |
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168 | (5) |
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5.4.6 Optimality Criteria Using Radial Subdifferential |
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173 | (1) |
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5.5 An Approach Using Monotonicity Conditions of the Optimal Value Function |
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174 | (8) |
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174 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Problem Formulation |
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175 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Parametric Integer Optimization Problem |
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175 | (4) |
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5.5.4 An Approximation Algorithm |
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179 | (3) |
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5.6 A Heuristic Algorithm to Solve a Mixed-Integer Bilevel Program of Type I |
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182 | (13) |
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182 | (1) |
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5.6.2 The Mathematical Model |
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182 | (1) |
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5.6.3 The Problem's Geometry |
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183 | (4) |
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5.6.4 An Approximation Algorithm |
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187 | (4) |
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5.6.5 A Numerical Example |
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191 | (4) |
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6 Applications to Natural Gas Cash-Out Problem |
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195 | (48) |
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195 | (2) |
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6.2 Formulation of the Natural Gas Cash-Out Model as a Mixed-Integer Bilevel Optimization Problem |
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197 | (5) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (1) |
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6.3 Approximation to a Continuous Bilevel Problem |
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202 | (1) |
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6.4 A Direct Solution Approach |
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203 | (1) |
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6.4.1 Linear TSO Objective Function |
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204 | (1) |
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6.5 A Penalty Function Approach to Solve the Natural Gas Cash-Out Problem |
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204 | (3) |
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6.6 An Expanded Problem and Its Linearization |
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207 | (14) |
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6.6.1 Upper Level Expansion |
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208 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Lower Level Expansion |
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209 | (2) |
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6.6.3 Linearization of the Expanded NGSC Model |
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211 | (10) |
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221 | (1) |
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6.8 Bilevel Stochastic Optimization to Solve an Extended Natural Gas Cash-Out Problem |
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221 | (7) |
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6.9 Natural Gas Market Classification Using Pooled Regression |
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228 | (15) |
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6.9.1 Natural Gas Price-Consumption Model |
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229 | (2) |
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6.9.2 Regression Analysis |
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231 | (2) |
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6.9.3 Dendrogram-GRASP Grouping Method (DGGM) |
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233 | (4) |
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6.9.4 Experimental Results |
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237 | (6) |
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7 Applications to Other Energy Systems |
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243 | (46) |
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7.1 Consistent Conjectural Variations Equilibrium in a Mixed Oligopoly in Electricity Markets |
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243 | (23) |
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243 | (4) |
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7.1.2 Model Specification |
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247 | (2) |
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7.1.3 Exterior Equilibrium |
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249 | (4) |
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7.1.4 Interior Equilibrium |
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253 | (9) |
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262 | (4) |
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7.2 Toll Assignment Problems |
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266 | (23) |
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267 | (5) |
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7.2.2 TOP as a Bilevel Optimization Model |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (7) |
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7.2.4 Results of Numerical Experiments |
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280 | (5) |
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7.2.5 Supplementary Material |
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285 | (4) |
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8 Reduction of the Dimension of the Upper Level Problem in a Bilevel Optimization Model |
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289 | (20) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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8.3 Relations Between Bilevel Problems (P1) and (MP1) |
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292 | (2) |
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8.4 An Equivalence Theorem |
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294 | (3) |
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8.5 Examples and Extensions |
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297 | (12) |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (2) |
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8.5.3 Normalized Generalized Nash Equilibrium |
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302 | (7) |
References |
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309 | (14) |
Index |
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323 | |