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ix | |
Abbreviations and Notations |
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xi | |
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1 Remote Sensing of Inland Waters: Background and Current State-of-the-Art |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Remote Sensing of Inland Waters |
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3 | (2) |
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1.3 Fundamental Bio-optical Properties |
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5 | (6) |
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11 | (7) |
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1.4.1 Classification of Bio-optical Models |
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12 | (2) |
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1.4.2 Performance of Bio-optical Models |
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14 | (4) |
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18 | (7) |
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21 | (4) |
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2 Radiative Transfer Theory for Inland Waters |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (12) |
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2.2.1 Interaction of Light with Matter |
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27 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Radiometric Quantities |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Radiative Transfer Equation |
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31 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Inherent Optical Properties |
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33 | (2) |
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2.2.5 From Microscopic to Macroscopic Material Parameters |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (11) |
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39 | (6) |
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2.3.2 Apparent Optical Properties |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (9) |
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51 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Water Surface Effects |
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53 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Underwater Light Field |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (10) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (8) |
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3 Atmospheric Correction for Inland Waters |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (8) |
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3.2.1 Challenges Due to Physical and Bio-optical Properties |
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72 | (3) |
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3.2.2 Challenges Due to Difficulties in Atmospheric Modeling |
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75 | (3) |
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78 | (13) |
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3.3.1 Atmospheric Correction Algorithms |
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78 | (10) |
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3.3.2 Adjacency Correction Algorithms |
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88 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Case Study: Combined Atmospheric and Adjacency Correction |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (10) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (7) |
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4 Bio-optical Modeling of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter |
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4.1 Carbon in Inland Waters |
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101 | (2) |
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4.2 Optical Properties of CDOM |
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103 | (3) |
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4.3 Remote Sensing of CDOM |
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106 | (3) |
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4.4 CDOM Retrieval With Bio-optical Models |
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109 | (12) |
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121 | (8) |
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122 | (7) |
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5 Bio-optical Modeling of Total Suspended Solids |
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129 | (1) |
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5.2 Optical Properties of Particles |
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130 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Relationship between IOPs and TSS |
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132 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Remote Sensing Algorithms for TSS |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (10) |
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5.3.1 MERIS time-series---Lake Garda |
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139 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Airborne Imaging Spectrometry---Mantua lakes |
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141 | (4) |
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5.3.3 Multitemporal OLI Data---Po River |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (6) |
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156 | (1) |
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6 Bio-optical Modeling of Phytoplankton Chlorophyll-a |
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157 | (3) |
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6.2 Chlorophylls: The Fundamental Measure of Phytoplankton Biomass and Production |
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160 | (2) |
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6.3 Optical Pathways to Estimate Phytoplankton Chlorophyll-a |
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162 | (19) |
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6.3.1 Phytoplankton Absorption |
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163 | (6) |
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6.3.2 Phytoplankton Fluorescence |
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169 | (5) |
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6.3.3 Phytoplankton Scattering |
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174 | (7) |
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181 | (8) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (7) |
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7 Bio-optical Modeling of Sun-Induced Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence |
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7.1 Introduction, Basic Concepts, and Current Knowledge |
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189 | (3) |
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7.2 Modeling of Reflectance Spectra with Fluorescence |
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192 | (7) |
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7.2.1 Remote Sensing Reflectance |
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192 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Elastic Reflectance |
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193 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Fluorescence Reflectance |
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193 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Inherent Optical Properties and Attenuation Coefficients |
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195 | (4) |
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7.3 Relationships Between the Fluorescence Magnitude and the Concentrations of Chlorophyll and Other Water Constituents |
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199 | (8) |
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7.3.1 Simplified Fluorescence Model---Theoretical Considerations |
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199 | (4) |
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7.3.2 Simplified Fluorescence Model---Comparison with Field Measurements |
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203 | (4) |
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7.4 Retrieval of the Fluorescence Component from Reflectance Spectra |
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207 | (18) |
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7.4.1 Combined Retrieval of the Fluorescence and Water Constituents |
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207 | (4) |
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7.4.2 Fluorescence Line Height Algorithms and Their Limitations |
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211 | (5) |
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7.4.3 Performance of Fluorescence Algorithms with Satellite Data |
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216 | (6) |
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7.4.4 Retrieval of the Fluorescence Component from Polarimetric Hyperspectral Observations |
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222 | (2) |
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7.4.5 Application of SICF to the Detection of Algal Blooms |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (8) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (7) |
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8 Bio-optical Modeling of Phycocyanin |
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233 | (2) |
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8.2 Theoretical Basis for Remote Sensing of Phycocyanin |
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235 | (2) |
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8.3 Literature Review of Remote Sensing Algorithms of Phycocyanin |
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237 | (8) |
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8.3.1 Empirical Algorithms |
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238 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Semi-empirical Algorithms |
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238 | (3) |
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8.3.3 Semi-analytical Algorithms |
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241 | (4) |
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8.4 Evaluation of Representative Algorithms Using a Large Field Dataset |
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245 | (9) |
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8.4.1 Description of the Field Dataset |
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245 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Evaluation of the Estimation Accuracy |
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247 | (2) |
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8.4.3 Evaluation of a Band Ratio Algorithm |
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249 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Evaluation of Semi-analytical Models |
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250 | (1) |
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8.4.5 Evaluation of Two Baseline Algorithms Using AOP and IOP |
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251 | (1) |
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8.4.6 Discussion of Factors Influencing the Remote Estimation of Phycocyanin |
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252 | (2) |
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8.5 Mapping PC Using Airborne Images |
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254 | (3) |
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8.6 Summary and Future Work |
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257 | (6) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (5) |
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9 Bio-optical Modeling and Remote Sensing of Aquatic Macrophytes |
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263 | (2) |
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9.2 Spectral Characteristics of Aquatic Macrophytes |
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265 | (9) |
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9.3 Application of Remote Sensing Systems |
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274 | (9) |
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9.4 Discrimination and Classification |
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283 | (2) |
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9.5 Determination of Macrophyte Biophysical Properties |
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285 | (4) |
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286 | (3) |
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9.6 Bio-optical Modeling of Aquatic Macrophytes |
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289 | (5) |
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9.7 Discussion and Priorities for Further Research |
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294 | (6) |
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9.7.1 In Situ Measurement of Spectral Signatures |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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9.7.3 Bio-optical Modeling |
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297 | (1) |
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9.7.4 Relationships with Biophysical Properties |
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297 | (1) |
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9.7.5 Inversion Algorithms |
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298 | (1) |
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9.7.6 Assessment of Remote Sensing Platforms |
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298 | (1) |
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9.7.7 Regional Assessment/Global Monitoring |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
References |
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300 | (9) |
Index |
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309 | |