| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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xiv | |
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SECTION 1 Foundations of Nursing Ethics and Professional Conduct |
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1 Professional Standards and the Requirement to be Ethical |
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3 | (7) |
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3 | (7) |
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Unprofessional Conduct and Professional Misconduct |
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4 | (1) |
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Unethical Professional Conduct |
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4 | (2) |
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Questioning the Requirement to be Morally Exemplary |
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6 | (1) |
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Nursing as a Moral Project |
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6 | (1) |
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National and International Standards of Conduct |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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2 Ethics, Bioethics and Nursing Ethics: Some Working Definitions |
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10 | (20) |
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10 | (20) |
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The Importance of Understanding Ethics Terms and Concepts |
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10 | (1) |
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The Need for a Critical Inquiry into Ethical Professional Practice |
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11 | (1) |
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Understanding Moral Language |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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Hospital or Professional Etiquette |
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21 | (1) |
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Hospital or Institutional Policy |
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22 | (1) |
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Public Opinion, Populism or the View of the Majority |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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Following the Orders of a Supervisor or Manager |
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25 | (1) |
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The Task of Ethics, Bioethics and Nursing Ethics |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (2) |
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3 Moral Theory and the Ethical Practice of Nursing |
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30 | (27) |
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30 | (27) |
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31 | (1) |
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Theoretical Perspectives Informing Ethical Practice |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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What are Ethical Principles? |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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Problems with Ethical Principles |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Moral Rights Based on Natural Law and Divine Command |
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40 | (1) |
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Moral Rights Based on Common Humanity |
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41 | (1) |
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Moral Rights Based on Rationality |
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41 | (1) |
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Moral Rights Based on Interests |
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41 | (1) |
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Moral Rights Based on Human Experiences of Grievous Wrongs |
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42 | (1) |
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Different Types of Rights |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Rights and Responsibilities |
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43 | (1) |
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Problems with Rights Claims |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Virtue Theory, an Ethic of Care and Nursing Ethics |
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47 | (2) |
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Virtue Ethics and an Ethic of Care in Nursing - Some Further Thoughts |
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49 | (1) |
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Problems with Virtue Ethics |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Moral Duties and Obligations |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Clarifying the Difference Between Rights and Duties |
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53 | (1) |
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Limitations and Weaknesses of Ethical Theory |
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53 | (1) |
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Moral Justification and Moral Theory - Some Further Thoughts |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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4 Moral Problems in Nursing and Health Care Contexts |
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57 | (18) |
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57 | (18) |
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Distinguishing Moral Problems from Other Sorts of Problems |
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57 | (2) |
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Identifying Different Kinds of Moral Problems |
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59 | (1) |
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Moral Unpreparedness/Moral Incompetence |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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Moral Indifference and Insensitivity |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Moral Fading/Ethical Fading |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Moral Dumbfounding/Stupefaction |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (2) |
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5 Moral Decision-Making in Nursing and Health Care Contexts |
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75 | (14) |
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75 | (14) |
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Moral Decision-making -- a Working Definition |
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75 | (1) |
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Processes for Making Moral Decisions |
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76 | (1) |
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Reason and Moral Decision-Making |
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77 | (1) |
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Emotion and Moral Decision-making |
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78 | (2) |
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Intuition and Moral Decision-making |
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80 | (1) |
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Life Experience and Moral Decision-making |
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81 | (1) |
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Dealing with Moral Disagreements and Disputes |
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82 | (1) |
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Being Accepting of Different Points of View |
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83 | (1) |
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Everyday Moral Problems in Nursing |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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SECTION 2 Culture and Context |
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6 Cross-cultural Ethics and the Ethical Practice of Nursing |
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89 | (17) |
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89 | (17) |
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Cross-Cultural Ethics and Nursing |
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91 | (1) |
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Culture and Its Relationship to Ethics |
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91 | (1) |
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The Nature and Implications of a Cross-Cultural Approach to Ethics |
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92 | (5) |
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Moral Diversity and the Challenge of Moral Pluralism |
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97 | (1) |
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Dealing with Problems Associated with a Cross-Cultural Approach to Ethics in Health Care |
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98 | (2) |
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Ethics, Cultural Competency, Cultural Safety and Cultural Humility |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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7 Ethics, Dehumanisation and Vulnerable Populations |
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106 | (35) |
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106 | (35) |
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107 | (1) |
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Identifying Vulnerable Populations |
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107 | (1) |
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Vulnerability as a Guide to Action |
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108 | (1) |
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Vulnerability and Nursing Ethics |
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109 | (1) |
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Humanness, Dehumanisation and Vulnerability |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Explicit and Subtle Expressions of Dehumanisation |
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111 | (1) |
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Why Dehumanisation Occurs |
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112 | (1) |
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Consequences of Dehumanisation |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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Prejudice and Discrimination |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Identifying Vulnerable Individuals and Groups |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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People with Mental Health Problems and Mental Illness |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Displaced People, Stateless People and Returnees |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Health Status of Australia's Indigenous Peoples |
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128 | (1) |
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Health Status of New Zealand Maori |
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128 | (1) |
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Global Call to Redress Indigenous Health Disparities |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Homelessness and the Right to Health |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Sexual Minorities (LGBTIQA+ People) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (5) |
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SECTION 3 Ethics in Practice |
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8 Patients' Rights to and in Health Care |
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141 | (24) |
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141 | (24) |
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What are Patients' Rights? |
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142 | (1) |
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The Right to Health and Health Care |
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143 | (1) |
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The Right to Equal Access to Health Care |
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144 | (1) |
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The Right to have Access to Appropriate Care |
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145 | (1) |
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The Right to Quality Care |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Challenges Posed by the Right to Health and Health Care |
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146 | (1) |
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The Right to Make Informed Decisions |
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147 | (1) |
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Informed Consent and the Responsibility of Nurses |
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147 | (1) |
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What is Informed Consent? |
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148 | (1) |
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The Analytic Components and Elements of an Informed Consent |
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148 | (1) |
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Informed Consent and Ethical Principlism |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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Informed Consent and the Sovereignty of the Individual |
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151 | (1) |
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Paternalism and Informed Consent |
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151 | (1) |
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Is Paternalism Justified? |
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152 | (1) |
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Applying the `Paternalistic Principle' in Health Care |
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153 | (1) |
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Informed Consent and the Right to Refuse Nursing Care |
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153 | (1) |
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The Right to Confidentiality |
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154 | (1) |
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Confidentiality as an Absolute Principle |
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155 | (2) |
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Confidentiality as a Prima-facie Principle |
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157 | (1) |
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The Right to be Treated with Dignity |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Dignity and the Right to Dignity |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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The Right to be Treated with Respect |
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161 | (1) |
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The Right to Cultural Liberty |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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9 Ethical Issues in Mental Health Care |
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165 | (25) |
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165 | (25) |
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Human Rights and the Mentally Ill |
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167 | (2) |
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Recovery-Oriented Services |
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169 | (1) |
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Coercion and Competency to Decide |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Reasonable Outcome of Choice |
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171 | (1) |
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Choice Based on `Rational' Reasons |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (5) |
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Psychiatric Advance Directives |
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176 | (1) |
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Striking a Balance Between Promoting Autonomy, Supporting Decision-Making and Preventing Harm |
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176 | (1) |
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Origin, Rationale and Purpose of Psychiatric Advance Directives |
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177 | (1) |
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Forms and Function of Psychiatric Advance Directives |
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177 | (1) |
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Anticipated Benefits of Psychiatric Advance Directives |
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178 | (1) |
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Anticipated Risks of Psychiatric Advance Directives |
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179 | (1) |
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Current Trends in the Legal Regulation of Psychiatric Advance Directives |
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179 | (1) |
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Ethical Issues in Suicide and Parasuicide |
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180 | (1) |
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Contemporary Definitions and Classifications of Suicide |
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180 | (1) |
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Social Media and Cybersuicide |
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181 | (1) |
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The Moral Challenge of Suicide |
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182 | (1) |
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Distinguishing Suicide from Euthanasia |
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183 | (1) |
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Ethical Dimensions of Suicide |
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183 | (1) |
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Autonomy and the Right to Suicide |
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183 | (3) |
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The Ethics of Suicide Prevention: Some Further Considerations |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (3) |
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10 Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care |
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190 | (24) |
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190 | (24) |
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Not For Treatment (NFT) Directives |
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191 | (1) |
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The Problem of Treatment in Medically Hopeless' Cases |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Not For Resuscitation (NFR)/Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Directives |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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Problems Concerning NFR/DNR Decision-Making Criteria, Guidelines and Procedures |
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195 | (1) |
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Criteria and Guidelines Used |
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195 | (1) |
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The Exclusion of Patients from Decision-Making |
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196 | (1) |
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Misinterpretation of Directives |
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196 | (1) |
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Problems Concerning the Documentation and Communication of NFR/DNR Directives |
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196 | (1) |
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Problems Concerning the Implementation of NFR/DNR Directives |
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197 | (1) |
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Improving NFR/DNR Practices |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Why Defining Quality of Life is Difficult |
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202 | (1) |
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Different Conceptions of Quality of Life |
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203 | (1) |
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Using Quality-of-Life Considerations to Inform Treatment Choices |
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204 | (1) |
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Three Senses of Quality of Life |
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204 | (1) |
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Descriptive Sense of Quality of Life |
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204 | (1) |
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Evaluative Sense of Quality of Life |
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204 | (1) |
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Prescriptive Sense of Quality of Life |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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What is an Advance Directive? |
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206 | (1) |
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How Do Advance Directives Work? |
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206 | (1) |
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Risks and Benefits of Advance Directives |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (2) |
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Respecting Patient Choices |
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210 | (1) |
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Rethinking `End-of-Life Care' |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (3) |
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11 The Moral Politics of Abortion and Euthanasia |
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214 | (36) |
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214 | (36) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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Arguments for and Against the Moral Permissibility of Abortion |
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219 | (1) |
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The Conservative Position |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (1) |
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Abortion and the Moral Rights of Women, Fetuses and Fathers |
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222 | (2) |
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Anti-Abortion Politics -- Will it Ever be Reconciled? |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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Euthanasia/Assisted Suicide and its Significance for Nurses |
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225 | (1) |
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Definitions of Euthanasia, Assisted Suicide and Mercy Killing' |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Views For and Against Euthanasia/Assisted Suicide |
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228 | (1) |
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Views in Support of Euthanasia/Assisted Suicide |
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228 | (2) |
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Counter-Arguments to Views Supporting Euthanasia/Assisted Suicide |
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230 | (2) |
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Specific Arguments Against Euthanasia/Assisted Suicide |
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232 | (7) |
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The Doctrine of Double Effect |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Definition, Purpose and Intention of Palliative Sedation |
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240 | (1) |
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Palliative Sedation in Existential Suffering |
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241 | (1) |
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Nurses' Attitudes and Experiences |
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242 | (1) |
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Withholding or withdrawing Clinically Assisted Nutrition and Hydration |
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242 | (2) |
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Position Statements and the Nursing Profession |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Taking a Non-Partisan (Neutral) Stance |
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245 | (1) |
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The Need for a Systematic Response |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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12 Professional Judgment, Moral Quandaries and Taking `Appropriate Action' |
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250 | (26) |
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250 | (26) |
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Moral Conflict and Professional Judgment |
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251 | (1) |
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Making `Correct' Moral Judgments |
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251 | (1) |
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Common Situations Involving Moral Conflict |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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The Nature and Moral Importance of Professional Judgment |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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The US Case of Corrine Warthen |
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255 | (1) |
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The US Case of Frances Free |
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256 | (1) |
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The UK Case of Two Catholic Midwives |
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256 | (1) |
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The Nature of Conscience Explained |
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257 | (1) |
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Conscience as Moral Reasoning |
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257 | (1) |
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Conscience as Moral Feelings |
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257 | (1) |
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Conscience as Moral Reason and Moral Feelings |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Bogus and Genuine Claims of Conscientious Objection |
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259 | (1) |
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Conscientious Objection to the Lawful but Morally Controversial Directives of an Employer/Manager |
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260 | (1) |
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Conscientious Objection and the Problem of Conflict in Personal Values |
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260 | (1) |
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Conscientious Objection and Policy Considerations |
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261 | (3) |
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Whistleblowing in Health Care |
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264 | (1) |
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The Moylan Case (Australia) |
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265 | (1) |
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The Pugmire Case (New Zealand) |
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266 | (1) |
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The Bardenilla Case (USA) |
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266 | (1) |
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The MacArthur Health Service Case (Australia) |
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266 | (1) |
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The Bundaberg Base Hospital Case (Australia) |
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267 | (1) |
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The Notion of Whistleblowing/Whistleblowers |
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268 | (1) |
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The Act of Whistleblowing |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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Whistleblowing and Clinical Risk Management |
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270 | (1) |
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Whistleblowing in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic |
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271 | (1) |
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Whistleblowing as a Last Resort |
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272 | (1) |
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Preventing Ethics Conflicts |
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272 | (1) |
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The Ethics-Quality Linkage |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (3) |
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13 Professional Obligations to Report Harmful Behaviours: Risks to Patient Safety, Child Abuse and Elder Abuse |
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276 | (23) |
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276 | (23) |
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Reporting Notifiable and Health-Impaired Conduct of Practitioners and Students |
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277 | (1) |
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Legal Requirements to Report Wrongdoing |
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277 | (2) |
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Professional Requirements to Report Wrongdoing |
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279 | (1) |
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`No Blame' Culture and Patient Safety |
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280 | (1) |
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Nurses' Attitudes to Peer Reporting of Poor Care and Behaviour |
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281 | (1) |
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Interpersonal Relationships, Patient Safety and the Question of Loyalty |
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282 | (1) |
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Reporting Child Abuse and Elder Abuse |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Ethical Issues Associated with Protecting Children and Elderly People from Abuse |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Why the Maltreatment of Children and Elderly People Constitutes a Moral Issue |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
The Ethical Implications of Maltreating Children and Elderly People |
|
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288 | (1) |
|
The Moral Demand to Report Child and Elder Maltreatment |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
The Notion of Harm and its Link with the Moral Duty to Prevent Child and Elder Abuse |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Considerations Against Reporting the Maltreatment of Children and Elderly People |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
The Professional--Client Relationship |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Maltreated Children and Elderly People |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Response to the Criticisms |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
The Problem of Maintaining Confidentiality |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
The Problem of Being `the Arm of the State' |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Preserving the Integrity of the Professional--Client Relationship |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Upholding the Interests of Families |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
The Importance of a Supportive Socio-Cultural Environment in Abuse Prevention |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (4) |
|
SECTION 4 Nursing Ethics Futures -- Challenges in the 21st Century and Beyond |
|
|
|
|
|
299 | (21) |
|
|
|
299 | (21) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Impact on the Nursing Profession |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
A Question of Nursing Ethics |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (2) |
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The Willingness to Respond |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
The Duty of the Public and the Value of Solidarity |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
The Bogus `Right' not to Wear a Mask |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
De-prioritising Those Who have Forfeited their Rights |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
The Moral Costs of Making Tragic Choices |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
The Nature of Tragic Choices |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
The Moral Costs of Medical Conspiracy Theories |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Medical Conspiracism and the Nursing Profession |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Responding to Medical Conspiracism |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (4) |
|
15 Ethics and Public Health Emergencies: Climate Change, Antimicrobial Resistance, Health Inequities and Emergency Preparedness |
|
|
320 | (12) |
|
|
|
320 | (12) |
|
Public health emergencies |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
Inequalities in Health and Health Care |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (3) |
| Bibliography |
|
332 | (65) |
| Index |
|
397 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta