Contributors |
|
ix | |
Foreword |
|
xi | |
|
|
1 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
1 | (6) |
|
1.2 Need for Medical Devices |
|
|
7 | (5) |
|
1.3 Technology Contribution to Medical Devices |
|
|
12 | (4) |
|
1.3.1 Subtractive Technologies |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
1.3.2 Net-Shape Technologies |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
1.3.3 Additive Technologies |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
1.4 Challenges in the Medical Device Industry |
|
|
16 | (7) |
|
|
17 | (6) |
|
2 Design Issues in Medical Devices |
|
|
23 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
2.1 Medical Device Development (MDD) |
|
|
23 | (7) |
|
2.1.1 Biomedical Product Life Cycle |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
2.1.2 Medical Device Development Process |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
2.1.3 Medical Devices' Design Process |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
|
30 | (15) |
|
2.2.1 Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
2.2.5 Manufacturing a Prototype |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (4) |
|
2.2.8 Embodiment Design and Detail Design |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
2.2.9 Manufacturing a Prototype |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
|
46 | (3) |
|
|
49 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
49 | (3) |
|
3.2 Typical Process Parameters |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
3.2.5 Tribology and Micro-Tribology |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
3.3 Manufacturing Process Chain |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
3.3.1 Manufacture of Alloys and Raw Materials |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
3.3.3 Machining and Finishing |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
3.3.5 Packaging and Sterilization |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (16) |
|
3.5.1 External Fracture Fixation |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Artificial Joint Replacement |
|
|
58 | (10) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
3.5.4 Craniomandibular Implants |
|
|
68 | (3) |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
3.6 Other Biomedical Applications |
|
|
73 | (6) |
|
|
74 | (5) |
|
4 Laser Processing Applications |
|
|
79 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
4.2 Microscale Medical Device Applications |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
4.3 Processing Methods for Medical Device Fabrication |
|
|
82 | (4) |
|
4.4 Biomaterials Used in Medical Devices |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.5 Microjoining of Similar and Dissimilar Materials |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
4.6 Laser Micromachining for Microfluidics |
|
|
89 | (3) |
|
4.7 Laser Micromachining for Metallic Coronary Stents |
|
|
92 | (7) |
|
|
94 | (5) |
|
|
99 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
5.2 Machinability of Biocompatible Metal Alloys |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
5.3 Surfaces Engineering of Metal Implants |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
5.4 Wear and Failure of Metal Implants |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
5.5 Micromilling-Based Fabrication of Metallic Microchannels for Medical Devices |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
5.6 Machining-Based Fabrication of Polymeric Microneedle Devices |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
5.7 A Case Study: Milling-Based Fabrication of Spinal Spacer Cage |
|
|
110 | (11) |
|
5.7.1 Degenerative Disc Disease |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
5.7.2 Intervertebral Spinal Spacers |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
5.7.3 Prototype Fabrication Using Milling Process |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
|
118 | (3) |
|
6 Inkjet- and Extrusion-Based Technologies |
|
|
121 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
Jorge Vicente Lopes Da Silva |
|
|
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
|
124 | (15) |
|
6.2.1 Inkjet 3D Printing Technology |
|
|
125 | (3) |
|
6.2.2 Materials in Inkjet-Based Technologies |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
6.2.3 Inkjet Printing Methods |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
6.2.4 Inkjet Printing Systems: Processes and Machines |
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
6.2.5 Medical Applications of Inkjet Technology |
|
|
135 | (4) |
|
6.3 Material Extrusion Technology |
|
|
139 | (22) |
|
6.3.1 Material Extrusion---General Principles |
|
|
139 | (5) |
|
6.3.2 Extrusion-Based Technologies |
|
|
144 | (9) |
|
6.3.3 Medical Applications of Extrusion-Based Systems |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
|
156 | (5) |
|
7 Certification for Medical Devices |
|
|
161 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
161 | (2) |
|
7.2 The Medical Devices Approval, Registration, or Certification |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
7.3 The Premarket Key Activity: The Demonstration of the Conformity to the Safety and Performance Requirements |
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
7.4 The Postmarket Key Activity: The Surveillance |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
7.5 The Role of the Quality Management Systems |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
7.6 The Verification and the Auditing |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
7.7 The Role of the Standards |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
7.8 Examples of Approbation/Certification Roads in Some World Areas |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
7.8.2 United States of America |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
170 | (13) |
|
7.9.1 Essentials of Safety and Performance Principles |
|
|
170 | (4) |
|
7.9.2 Essentials of the Risk Management |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
7.9.3 Essentials of the Nonclinical Evaluation |
|
|
175 | (3) |
|
7.9.4 Essentials of the Clinical Evaluation |
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
|
181 | (2) |
Index |
|
183 | |