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E-raamat: Brain Architecture

  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2011
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199702770
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2011
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199702770
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Now in its second edition, Brain Architecture is the continued exploration of how the brain works. At the very core of our existence, the brain generates our thoughts and feelings, directs our voluntary interactions with the environment, and coordinates all of the vital functions within the body itself. This long-overdue new edition explains this oftentimes daunting intricacy and exquisite detail.

The first half of the book discusses the basic parts and how they work, presenting an overview of the nervous system at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The approach follows three classic lines of thought that proceed from simple to complex: the history of neuroscience research, the evolution of the nervous system, and the embryological development of the vertebrate central and peripheral nervous systems.

The second half of the book outlines the basic wiring diagram of the brain and nervous system-how the parts are interconnected and how they control behavior and the internal state of the body. This is done within the framework of a new four-system network model that greatly simplifies understanding the structure-function organization of the nervous system.

Written in clear and sparkling prose, beautifully illustrated, and thoroughly updated, Brain Architecture, Second Edition is must-read for anyone interested in the science of how the brain works.

Arvustused

This short book deserves wide readership. It could serve both as a general introduction for the undergraduate and as a means to wide one's horizon for the experienced researcher. * Jan Voogd, Science * I was pleasantly surprised by the comparative and evolutionary approach used to introduce the major concepts, and I was drawn in by the historical context in which the story is told...a clearly written and logically organized overview of the major functional subdivisions of the vertebrate nervous system...Swanson's writing style and his ability to present complicated systems and relationships will make this book particularly accessible to students, and generally useful to anyone interested in the neurosciences...commendable job distilling the essential principles from an exceptionally complex subject, making the brevity of this book one of its greatest strengths. * Kenneth C. Catania in Nature Neuroscience * Larry Swanson, one of the great contemporary students of brain anatomy, has given us a broad overview of the structure and function of the brain using insights from embryology and from evolutionary comparison to highlight the principles that govern the anatomical substrates of behavior. This book will be read avidly by both students and practicing scientists. * Eric R. Kandel, MD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine * Neuroanatomy is usually associated with boring memorization and dense terminology. But Swanson has brought the subject to life by focusing on the principles that underlie brain structure and function. These principles, illuminated by an historical perspective and placed in an evolutionary context, actually constitute a theory of brain. This book's logical organization, intellectual sweep, and clear writing made it a joy for me to read. * Charles F. Stevens, MD, PhD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences *

Preface to the First Edition xiii
1 Thinking about the Brain: Body and Mind
3(7)
2 How the Brain Works: History, Structure, and Function
10(9)
Three Biological Perspectives
12(7)
3 The Simplest Nervous Systems: Neurons, Nerve Nets, and Behavior
19(24)
Unicellular Organisms: Behaviors Essential for Survival
21(3)
Animals without Neurons: Independent Effectors
24(3)
The First Nervous System: Hydra's Body and Behavior
27(1)
Sensory Neurons: Functional Polarity of Dendrites and Axon
28(4)
Motor Neurons: A Second Distinct Neuron Type
32(3)
Nerve Nets: Amacrine Extensions and Activity Patterns
35(2)
Interneurons: Sign Switchers and Pattern Generators
37(3)
Overview: Evolution of Architecture, Not Building Blocks
40(3)
4 Centralization and Symmetry: Ganglia and Nerves
43(14)
Flatworms: Bilaterally Symmetrical Predators
43(6)
Segmented Worms: Inner Ventral Nerve Cord
49(3)
More Evolved Invertebrates
52(2)
Overview: Polarity, Regionalization, Bilateral Symmetry, Segments
54(3)
5 The Basic Vertebrate Plan: Transverse Divisions
57(32)
Embryological Perspectives
61(4)
Earliest Stages of Mammalian Development
65(4)
Neural Plate: Central Nervous System Divisions
69(6)
Neural Tube: Transverse Brain Divisions
75(8)
Neural Crest and Placodes: Peripheral Nervous System
83(3)
Overview
86(3)
6 Neurogenesis: Longitudinal Divisions, Parts List, and Adult Flatmap
89(26)
Generating Neuron Types: Longitudinal Central Nervous System Divisions
90(4)
Generating Gray Matter Regions
94(6)
Macroconnections, Mesoconnections, and Microconnections
100(3)
A Nervous System Flatmap for Mammals
103(9)
Overview: Parts of the Nervous System
112(3)
7 Brain and Behavior: A Four Systems Network Model
115(20)
Reflex and Voluntary Control of Behavior
122(4)
Behavioral State Control
126(1)
Feedback
127(2)
Topography versus Systems
129(1)
Overview: Defining Each System
130(5)
8 The Motor System: Coordinating External and Internal Behaviors
135(47)
Motor Neuron Varieties
136(4)
Introduction to the Somatic Motor System: Flexion
140(2)
Distribution of Somatic Motor Neuron Pools
142(6)
Central Pattern Generators---Sets of Motor Neuron Pools
148(8)
Pattern Initiators and Controllers: Drive and Motivation
156(6)
The Autonomic Motor System
162(5)
The Neuroendocrine Motor System
167(4)
The Cerebellum: Motor Coordination and Learning
171(6)
Overview: Integration within and between Motor Systems
177(5)
9 The Behavioral State System: Intrinsic Control of Sleep and Wakefulness
182(19)
Circadian Rhythms: The Day-Night Cycle
186(3)
Reproductive Cycles
189(3)
Sleep-Wake Cycles
192(1)
Modulating Behavioral State
193(8)
10 The Cognitive System: Thinking and Voluntary Control of Behavior
201(29)
Cerebral Cortex Regionalization
203(9)
Cortical Cellular Organization
212(6)
Cortical Outputs
218(1)
The Cerebral Nuclei
219(4)
Triple Caudal (Descending) Projection from Cerebrum
223(7)
11 The Sensory System: Inputs from Environment and Body
230(26)
Evolution and Development of Sensory Neurons
232(3)
Overview of Sensory Neurons
235(5)
Overview of Sensory Pathways
240(2)
Forebrain Sensory Systems: Olfactory, Visual, Humoral, and Osmotic
242(5)
Ganglion Cell Sensory Systems: Submodalities
247(2)
Affect: Pain and Pleasure, Emotion, and Mood
249(7)
12 Modifiability: Learning, Stress, Cycles, and Damage Repair
256(16)
Learning: Changing Synaptic Strength
258(3)
Stress: Biochemical Switching
261(6)
Cycles: Circadian and Reproductive
267(1)
Damage Repair: Regrowth
268(4)
13 Genome and Connectome
272(5)
Appendix A Describing Position in the Animal Body 277(8)
Appendix B Naming and Classifying Nervous System Parts 285(6)
Appendix C Methods for Analyzing Brain Architecture 291(8)
Epigraphs 299(4)
Glossary 303(14)
Index 317
Larry W. Swanson, PhD, is Milo Don and Lucille Appleman Professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, CA. Dr. Swanson has published over 250 research articles and numerous books on brain organization, and is a member of National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Grolier Club.