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E-raamat: B.S.Patil's Building and Engineering Contracts, 7th Edition

(Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK), (Professional Consultant, Pune, India)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Aug-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429652103
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Aug-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429652103

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From the standpoint of practising engineers, architects and contractors, the law of contract is the most important one and, from preparation of technical documents to its execution and in the determination of disputes, the engineer or architect must have relevant knowledge. This book acts as a practical guide to building and engineering contracts. All points are explained with illustrations gathered from decided court cases. This book covers the substantive law of contract applicable to building and engineering contracts with updated noteworthy judgments. FIDIC conditions are mentioned at appropriate places with a global focus.

Key Features:











Guide for a full and thorough understanding of the contractual undertakings of the civil engineering industry, primarily in India





Discusses specific conditions which are fertile sources of disputes, referring to and commenting upon the FIDIC conditions





Covers internationally adopted standard form conditions of contract with analysis, discussions and interpretations, with decided court cases from India and abroad





Focuses on technical civil engineering aspects





Addresses cases from countries including UK, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and India
Preface xiii
About the Authors xv
Table of Cases
xvii
Introduction liii
1 The Tender
1(60)
1.0 Introduction
1(1)
1.1 Provisions of the Act
1(1)
1.2 Tender -- Proposal -- Denned
2(1)
1.3 Invitation to Tender
3(3)
1.4 Types of Tender Documents
6(6)
1.5 Modes of Inviting Tenders
12(3)
1.6 Prequalification of Tenderers
15(2)
1.7 Requirements of Notice Inviting Tenders
17(3)
1.8 Preparation and Submission of Tender
20(2)
1.9 Irregularity in Submission of Tenders
22(1)
1.10 Payment of Earnest Money
23(1)
1.11 Offer to Be Accompanied by Certain Documents -- When a Condition Precedent?
23(1)
1.12 Conditions Offered by Contractor in His Tender
24(2)
1.13 Withdrawal of Tender
26(9)
1.14 Consideration and Scrutiny of Tenders before Acceptance
35(2)
1.15 Decision to Accept a Tender
37(1)
1.16 Acceptance of Tender
38(8)
1.17 Correspondence between Acceptance and Offer
46(3)
1.18 Mode of Communication of Acceptance
49(4)
1.19 Revocation of Acceptance
53(1)
1.20 Rejection of Tender
54(3)
1.21 Cost of Tendering
57(1)
1.22 Misrepresentation and Fraud
58(1)
1.23 Bribery and Secret Commission
58(1)
1.24 Interference by High Court
59(1)
1.25 Re-advertisement
59(2)
2 The Contract
61(50)
2.0 Introduction
61(1)
2.1 Provisions of the Act
61(1)
2.2 Essentials of a Valid Contract
61(3)
2.3 Proposal and Acceptance -- Meeting of Minds
64(1)
2.4 Who Are Competent to Enter into a Contract?
65(3)
2.5 Free Consent
68(11)
2.6 Consideration
79(4)
2.7 Subject Matter
83(4)
2.8 Void and Voidable Contracts
87(6)
2.9 Contingent Contract
93(2)
2.10 Collateral Contracts
95(1)
2.11 Implied Contract
96(1)
2.12 Performance of Reciprocal Promises
96(1)
2.13 Quasi-Contracts -- Work Done Without Contract
97(2)
2.14 Contract of Guarantee and Indemnity
99(2)
2.15 Contracts Which Need Not Be Performed
101(1)
2.16 Contract to be in Writing
102(1)
2.17 Contract Documents
102(1)
2.18 Types of Contract
103(8)
3 Contracts by Government
111(88)
3.0 Introduction
111(1)
3.1 Provisions of the Law
111(1)
3.2 Provisions Made in the Constitution of India
111(1)
3.3 Formality of Contracts on Behalf of the Government
112(4)
3.4 No Implied Contract under Art. 299
116(1)
3.5 Contract by Correspondence May Be Valid
117(2)
3.6 Execution of a Formal Contract: When a Condition Precedent
119(1)
3.7 Effect of Non-Compliance with Requirements of Art. 299(1)
119(3)
3.8 Personal Liability of Government Officer Executing the Contract
122(2)
3.9 Constitutional Rights and Obligations of Parties to Government Contracts
124(3)
3.10 Types of Cases under Art. 226
127(15)
3.11 Acceptance/Rejection of Tender -- Interference by Court -- When Justified -- Guiding Principles
142(7)
3.12 Conditions of Eligibility
149(6)
3.13 Modification of Eligibility Conditions
155(4)
3.14 Prequalification of Tenderers
159(3)
3.15 Modification of Tender Requirements Prior to Submission of Bids
162(1)
3.16 Opening of Tenders
162(2)
3.17 Fulfilment of Requisite Conditions of Tender Notice
164(5)
3.18 Negotiations Prior to Acceptance
169(3)
3.19 Acceptance/Rejection of Tenders
172(6)
3.20 Rejection of the Lowest Tender
178(4)
3.21 Rejecting All Tenders
182(1)
3.22 Nomination/Preference to a Class of Tenderers
183(6)
3.23 Declared Defaulter vis-a-vis Blacklisting -- Meaning of
189(1)
3.24 Blacklisting or Disqualification of Tenderers
189(5)
3.25 Cancellation of Contract
194(1)
3.26 Breach of Contract -- Writ Petition Not Maintainable?
195(4)
4 Interpretation of Contract
199(42)
4.0 Introduction
199(1)
4.1 Provisions of the Law
199(1)
4.2 What Is Interpretation?
199(1)
4.3 Distinction between Interpretation and Construction
200(1)
4.4 Kinds of Interpretation
200(1)
4.5 Authority with Whom Interpretation Rests
201(1)
4.6 Nature of Rules of Interpretation
202(1)
4.7 Rules of Interpretation
202(8)
4.8 Construction -- Strict v. Liberal and Literal v. Logical Construction
210(2)
4.9 "Force Majeure" Clause
212(1)
4.10 Doctrines of Interpretation
213(28)
5 Variations and Deviations
241(58)
5.0 Introduction
241(1)
5.1 Provisions in Standard Form Contracts
241(1)
5.2 Extra Work and Additional Work Distinguished
241(2)
5.3 What Constitutes a Variation?
243(1)
5.4 FIDIC Form
243(10)
5.5 Government of India -- Planning Commission Form
253(1)
5.6 NITI Aayog Model Form -- Noteworthy Features
253(3)
5.7 Provisions in Standard Form Contract of Central and State Public Works, Railways, Military Engineering Services and Other Departments of the Government of India
256(1)
5.8 Right to Change Is Limited
257(6)
5.9 Valuation of Cost of Extra Work
263(11)
5.10 Decision Regarding Rate -- When Not Open to Arbitration?
274(1)
5.11 Change Orders Must Be Written
275(5)
5.12 Recovery in the Absence of Written Order -- When Possible?
280(1)
5.13 Instruction to Assist Contractors in Difficulty
281(1)
5.14 Extras Caused by Misrepresentation
282(1)
5.15 Extras Caused by Legal Provision
282(1)
5.16 When Contract Based on "Approximate Estimate"
283(1)
5.17 Extra Claims beyond the Scope of Agreement
283(3)
5.18 Owner's Liability to Pay for Changes Made
286(1)
5.19 Basis of Compensation for Extra Work
287(1)
5.20 Absence of Measurements -- Record Maintained by Contractor May Be Relied Upon
288(1)
5.21 Common Grounds on Which Extras are Claimed -- Illustrative Cases
289(10)
6 Time for Completion, Delay in Completion
299(38)
6.0 Introduction
299(1)
6.1 Provisions of the Law
299(1)
6.2 Mode of Specifying Time Limit
300(2)
6.3 Can Adequacy of Time Limit Be Questioned?
302(1)
6.4 Meaning of "Working Days"
302(2)
6.5 Meaning of "Time Shall Be Deemed to Be of the Essence of the Contract"
304(5)
6.6 When Is Time of the Essence of the Contract?
309(4)
6.7 When Time Ceases to Be of the Essence of the Contract
313(6)
6.8 Extension of Time for Delay
319(2)
6.9 Written Request by a Contractor -- a Condition Precedent
321(1)
6.10 Conditions under Which Time Should Be Extended
322(1)
6.11 Person Designated Should Grant Extension of Time
323(1)
6.12 Can Extension of Time Be Granted with Retrospective Effect?
323(3)
6.13 Conditional Extension of Time
326(1)
6.14 If Extension of Time Not Granted, Even for Just Reasons
327(1)
6.15 Extension of Time -- Effect on Compensation for Delay
327(3)
6.16 Procedure of Terminating Contract after Expiry of Time Limit for Completion
330(2)
6.17 Section 46 of the Indian Contract Act -- When Attracted
332(2)
6.18 Time and Place of Performance
334(3)
7 Penalty/Liquidated Damages
337(24)
7.0 Introduction
337(1)
7.1 Provisions of the Law
337(4)
7.2 Purpose of Liquidated Damages
341(1)
7.3 Penalty and Liquidated Damages Distinguished
341(5)
7.4 Stipulations Made in Construction Contracts
346(2)
7.5 Stipulation by Way of Fixed Sum -- If Justified?
348(1)
7.6 Alternative Method Suggested
348(1)
7.7 Liquidated Damages Clause -- When Can Be Evoked?
349(2)
7.8 Parties Free to Provide for Liquidated Damages to Cover Some Breaches and Not All
351(1)
7.9 Extension of Time and Penalty for Delay
351(4)
7.10 Liquidated Damages Provision -- A Mere Right to Sue
355(1)
7.11 Release from Liquidated Damages
356(2)
7.12 Right to Liquidated Damages Excludes Right to Unliquidated Damages
358(1)
7.13 Effect of Termination/Forfeiture
358(1)
7.14 Bonus Provisions
359(1)
7.15 Innovative Incentives in Road Maintenance/Improvements Contracts
359(2)
8 Quality of Work, Defects and Maintenance
361(22)
8.0 Introduction
361(1)
8.1 Provisions in Standard Form Contracts
361(5)
8.2 Contractor's Implied Obligations
366(5)
8.3 Interpretation of Specifications
371(1)
8.4 Design Failure
372(1)
8.5 Removal of Improper Work
373(1)
8.6 Defects and Maintenance Clause
373(5)
8.7 Engineer's/Architect's Decision Final
378(3)
8.8 Distinction between Engineer (Certifier) and Arbitrator
381(2)
9 Measurement, Valuation and Payment
383(32)
9.0 Introduction
383(1)
9.1 Provisions of the Law
383(6)
9.2 Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
389(6)
9.3 Failure to Make Interim Payments Constitutes Breach of Contract
395(1)
9.4 Writ Petition if Maintainable to Enforce Payment by State?
396(2)
9.5 Payment Made under Mistake
398(3)
9.6 Overpayments and Underpayments
401(3)
9.7 Conditions under Which Legal Set-Off May Be Allowed
404(1)
9.8 Final Certificates
405(1)
9.9 How Final Are Final Certificates?
406(2)
9.10 Claims Made after Payment of Final Bill -- If and When Maintainable?
408(3)
9.11 Accord and Satisfaction -- Illustrations
411(1)
9.12 Economic Duress under English Law
412(3)
10 Breach of Contract
415(44)
10.0 Introduction
415(1)
10.1 Provisions of the Law
415(1)
10.2 Refusal to Perform Contract
416(7)
10.3 Breaches by the Contractor
423(2)
10.4 Breach by the Owner
425(1)
10.5 Defaults by Owner and/or Contractor
426(5)
10.6 Excuses for Non-Performance
431(6)
10.7 Doctrine of Frustration
437(5)
10.8 Effect of Frustration
442(2)
10.9 Consequences of Breach of Contract
444(5)
10.10 Express Provisions Included in the Contract
449(10)
11 Common Breaches of Contract
459(24)
11.0 Introduction
459(1)
11.1 Provisions in Standard Form Contracts
459(1)
11.2 Breaches by the Owner/Employer
459(1)
11.3 Failure to Hand over Possession of Site
460(8)
11.4 Delay in Supplying Working Drawings, Decisions
468(2)
11.5 Delay in Ordering Variations
470(1)
11.6 Delays in Carrying Out Work or Supplying Materials
471(1)
11.7 Delays Caused by Other Agencies
472(1)
11.8 Stoppage or Suspension of Work
473(1)
11.9 Failure to Pay as per Agreement
474(2)
11.10 Breach of Contract by Contractor
476(5)
11.11 Forms of Discharge by Breach
481(2)
12 Remedies for Breach of Contract
483(72)
12.0 Introduction
483(1)
12.1 Provisions of the Law
483(1)
12.2 Damages
483(1)
12.3 Section 73
484(2)
12.4 Essential Conditions to Be Fulfilled by Injured Party to Be Entitled to Damages
486(2)
12.5 Distinction between "Compensation" and "Damages"
488(1)
12.6 Kinds of Damages
489(2)
12.7 General Principles of Assessment of Damages
491(1)
12.8 Assessment of Damages in Construction Contracts -- Breach of Contract by the Owner
492(8)
12.9 Delay in Completion/Termination of Contract by the Owner
500(1)
12.10 The Assessment of Damages Payable to the Contractor
501(11)
12.11 Facts and Circumstances Justifying Payment at the Originally Agreed Rates during the Extended Period
512(2)
12.12 Claim for Revision of Rates -- When Tenable?
514(7)
12.13 Alternative Remedy to Damages -- Quantum Meruit
521(1)
12.14 Breach of Contract by the Contractor
522(2)
12.15 Damages Difficult to Estimate -- No Ground to Award Nominal Damages
524(1)
12.16 Specific Performance -- Injunction to Restrain Breach
525(1)
12.17 Lien/Vesting Clauses
525(3)
12.18 Forfeiture
528(1)
12.19 Applicability of Section 74 to Security Deposit and Other Penal Stipulation
528(1)
12.20 Provisions Made in Construction Contracts -- Forfeiture of Earnest Money/Security Deposit
529(7)
12.21 Forfeiture of Security Deposit -- Loss Must Be Proved
536(5)
12.22 Wrongful Forfeiture
541(2)
12.23 Enforcement of Bank Guarantee
543(12)
13 Subcontracts
555(14)
13.0 Introduction
555(1)
13.1 Provisions in Standard Form Contracts
555(1)
13.2 Written Permission to Sublet or Assign When Necessary
555(3)
13.3 Agreement to Subcontract
558(2)
13.4 Provisions of General Contract -- How Far Applicable to Subcontract
560(2)
13.5 Relationship between Owner and Subcontractor
562(2)
13.6 Nominated Subcontractors
564(3)
13.7 Liability of Subcontractor under Indemnity Clause
567(1)
13.8 Rights of Materials Suppliers
567(2)
14 Contract between Owner and Architect/Engineer
569(24)
14.0 Introduction
569(1)
14.1 Provisions of the Law
569(1)
14.2 Contract to Be in Writing
570(1)
14.3 Conditions of Appointment
571(2)
14.4 The Scope and Extent of Engineer's and Architect's Authority
573(7)
14.5 Remuneration of the Engineer and Architect
580(1)
14.6 When Remuneration May Not Be Payable
581(2)
14.7 Manner of Payment of Remuneration
583(1)
14.8 Ownership of Plans and Copyright
583(1)
14.9 Position of the Engineer and Architect
584(1)
14.10 Liabilities of Engineers and Architects
584(9)
15 Limitation
593(16)
15.0 Introduction
593(1)
15.1 Provisions of the Law
593(1)
15.2 Causes of Action in Building and Engineering Contracts
593(1)
15.3 Relevant Provisions of the Indian Limitation Act 1963
594(1)
15.4 Date on Which Cause of Action Accrued -- Illustrations
595(11)
15.5 Section 28 of the Indian Contract (Amendment) Act
606(3)
16 Claims, Disputes and Their Resolution by DRE/DRB/DAAB/Conciliation and/or Arbitration
609(32)
16.0 Introduction -- "Disputes Arising Out of Contract"
609(1)
16.1 Provisions in Standard Form Contracts
609(1)
16.2 FIDIC Form 1999/2017 Edition: Clauses 20 and 21
610(3)
16.3 NITI Aayog Model Form
613(2)
16.4 Government of India Form
615(1)
16.5 Conciliation
616(2)
16.6 Arbitration
618(5)
16.7 Excepted Matters
623(5)
16.8 After No Claim Certificate Is Given -- Can Claims Be Referred to Arbitration?
628(3)
16.9 Arbitration Clause in Original Contract Applies to Extra/Additional Work
631(1)
16.10 Two Contracts -- One Award -- if Valid?
632(1)
16.11 Arbitration Clause Survives Termination of Contract
632(1)
16.12 Transfer of Appointed Arbitrator -- Continuation of Proceedings before Him -- If and When Valid?
633(1)
16.13 Condition Precedent to Invocation of Arbitration Clause -- Mandatory
633(1)
16.14 The Law of Arbitration
634(4)
16.15 Investment Treaty Arbitration
638(3)
Index 641
Mr. B.S. Patil, born in 1939, had a brilliant academic career. He passed his Bachelor of Civil Engineering examination in first division with distinction and ranked first in order of merit. He also passed Bachelor of Laws examination in the first division and ranked first in order of merit. In the beginning of his career he worked as a civil engineer for nearly 20 years and thereafter he has been practicing law, exclusively in engineering field for the last 40 years. In the seventh edition of this title, he gives the benefit of his in-depth study of the subject and rich experience as a consultant, conciliator, arbitrator and advocate. Author of Civil Engineering Contracts and Estimates, the Law of Arbitration and Conciliation, he has also contributed several papers and articles to engineering journals. He was a Member of Faculty of Engineering, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, and at College of Engineering, Pune (India).

Dr. Sarita Patil Woolhouse after passing B.S.L.and LL.B. examinations in the first division, from University of Poona with the first rank, she did her M. Phil. from the University of Cambridge, UK. The second edition of B.S.Patils Law of Arbitration written by her was an instant success. After several years practice in India she moved to London . With the experience of participating in international arbitrations and cross-border commercial litigation in Europe in various sectors including construction, energy, telecoms and Bar. After several years practice in . With the experience of participating in international arbitrations and cross-border commercial litigation in Europe various sectors including construction, energy, telecoms and so on, she earned a doctorate in global governance with a focus on international investment law. Presently, she is a Senior Lecturer in Law and is based in Cambridge, UK.