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E-raamat: Cancer Stem Cells

Volume editor (University of Maryland, MD, USA), Volume editor (Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth ), Volume editor (University of Maryland, MD, USA), Volume editor (University of Maryland, MD, USA)
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Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 141 in the Advances in Cancer Research series, presents the latest release in this ongoing, well-regarded serial that provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Topics covered in this new release include SIX-EYA-DACH network control of cancer stem cell properties, Dormancy and the cancer cell niche, Clonal hematopoiesis: A hematopoietic stem cell disorder of aging, Stringent assays to study human breast cancer stem cells, Regulation of breast cancer stem cell specification and maintenance by hypoxia-inducible factors, Cancer stem cells in breast and prostate: fact or fiction, and much more.

  • Provides information on cancer research
  • Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics, with this release focusing on cancer stem cells
  • Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike
Contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Regulation of cancer stem cell properties by SIX1, a member of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network
1(42)
Tami J. Kingsbury
MinJung Kim
Curt I. Civin
1 Introduction
2(3)
2 Cancer stem cells (CSCs)
5(2)
3 SIX1 and CSCs
7(2)
4 Sustained proliferative signaling
9(2)
5 Evading growth suppressors
11(2)
6 Enabling replicative immortality
13(1)
7 Resisting cell death
13(2)
8 Genome instability and mutation
15(1)
9 Deregulating cellular energetics
16(1)
10 Inducing angiogenesis
17(1)
11 Regulation of SIX1 expression
18(3)
12 SIX1 clinical significance
21(2)
13 EYA
23(3)
14 DACH
26(2)
15 Concluding remarks
28(1)
Acknowledgments
29(1)
Conflict of interest
29(1)
References
29(14)
2 Dormancy and cancer stem cells: An enigma for cancer therapeutic targeting
43(42)
Sarmistha Talukdar
Praveen Bhoopathi
Luni Emdad
Swadesh Das
Devanand Sarkar
Paul B. Fisher
1 Introduction
44(6)
2 Molecular mechanisms of dormancy
50(19)
3 Therapy and dormancy
69(2)
4 Expert opinion
71(1)
Acknowledgments
72(1)
Conflict of interest
72(1)
References
73(10)
Further reading
83(2)
3 Clonal hematopoiesis: Pre-cancer PLUS
85(44)
Alexander J. Silver
Siddhartha Jaiswal
1 Introduction
86(1)
2 CH v sCHIP
86(3)
3 CHIP vs MDS
89(1)
4 CH from stochastic processes
89(2)
5 CH from selection
91(5)
6 Evolution of evidence for CH in asymptomatic individuals
96(1)
7 Epidemiology of CH
97(10)
8 CH from candidate drivers
107(2)
9 CH from unknown drivers
109(1)
10 Germline predisposition to CH
110(1)
11 CH and hematologic malignancy
111(4)
12 CHIP and CVD risk
115(2)
13 CH in other conditions
117(1)
14 Conclusion
118(1)
References
118(11)
4 Assays for functionally defined normal and malignant mammary stem cells
129(46)
Syed Mohammed Musheer Aalam
Philip Anthony Beer
Nagarajan Kannan
1 Introduction
130(2)
2 Breast cancer stem cells: A unifying theory or an impossible hope?
132(3)
3 Evolution of functional normal and malignant stem cell assays
135(2)
4 Mammary repopulating unit cell assay to quantify normal mammary stem cells
137(4)
5 Mammary tumor initiating cell assay to measure breast cancer stem cells
141(13)
6 DNA barcoding as a method to study clonal dynamics of normal and malignant mammary stem cells
154(8)
7 Conclusions
162(1)
8 Future perspectives
162(2)
Acknowledgments
164(1)
References
164(11)
5 Hypoxia-inducible factors promote breast cancer stem cell specification and maintenance in response to hypoxia or cytotoxic chemotherapy
175(38)
Lisha Xiang
Gregg L. Semenza
1 Introduction
176(6)
2 HIF-dependent induction of BCSC phenotype in response to hypoxia
182(9)
3 HIF-dependent induction of BCSC phenotype in response to chemotherapy
191(6)
4 Perspective
197(1)
Acknowledgments
198(1)
References
199(13)
Further reading
212(1)
6 Exploiting epigenetically mediated changes: Acute myeloid leukemia, leukemia stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment
213
Aksinija A. Kogan
Rena G. Lapidus
Maria R. Baer
Feyruz V. Rassool
1 Introduction
214(7)
2 Bone marrow microenvironment (BME)
221(4)
3 Epigenetic deregulation in AML
225(5)
4 Dysregulation of the epigenetic microenvironment
230(4)
5 Targeted epigenetic therapy
234(8)
6 Conclusions and future directions
242(1)
References
243
Curt I. Civin, MD, is the Associate Dean for Research and the Founding Director of the Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Prior to joining the University of Maryland, Dr. Civin spent 30 years at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine leading research and clinical pediatric oncology. In addition to holding 27 biomedical patents, Dr. Civin has received wide recognition for his groundbreaking discovery of the CD34 antigen, and isolation of CD34+ stem cells opened entirely new approaches to leukemia treatment and stem cell transplantation. Dr. Civin has lectured around the world, published more than 250 articles and book chapters, received many awards, and served in leadership positions of multiple distinguished committees and editorial boards. Tami J. Kingsbury, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Physiology in the Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Dr. Kingsbury has extensive background in genetics and molecular biology. She discovered a novel family of calcineurin regulatory factors (RCANs) conserved from yeast to humans, now implicated in diverse human cancers. She helped develop a functional high throughput screen to identify microRNAs capable of regulating leukemia cell growth and differentiation. Her current research is focused on dissecting the role of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH (PSEDN) transcriptional network in leukemias. She is a scientific co-founder of 3DBioWorks, whose goal is to develop 3D bioreactors to grow normal and leukemic stem cells. In 2018 she became leader of CRISPR Services within the University of Maryland Cancer Center Translational Shared Services laboratory. MinJung Kim, PhD, is Research Associate in the Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Dr. Kim has broad expertise in cell and molecular biology. Dr. Kims research focuses on investigating the functional roles of key microRNAs and their target genes in hematopoiesis, especially erythropoiesis, and leukemias. Paul B. Fisher, MPh, PhD, FNAI, Professor and Chairman, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Director, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine Thelma Newmeyer Corman Chair in Cancer Research in the VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, and Emeritus Professor, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY. Dr. Fisher is among the top 10% of NIH funded investigators over the past 35-years, published approximately 625 papers and reviews, and has 55 issued patents. He pioneered novel gene/discovery approaches (subtraction hybridization), developed innovative therapeutic approaches (Cancer Terminator Viruses), presented numerous named and distinguished lectures, founded several start-up companies, was Virginia Outstanding Scientist of 2014 and elected to the National Academy of Inventors in 2018. Dr. Fisher is a prominent nationally and internationally recognized cancer research scientist focusing on understanding the molecular and biochemical basis of cancer development and progression to metastasis and using this garnered information to develop innovative approaches for diagnosing and treating cancer. He discovered and patented novel genes and gene promoters relevant to cancer growth control, differentiation and apoptosis. His discoveries include the first cloning of p21 (CDK inhibitor), human polynucleotide phosphorylase, mda-9/syntenin (a pro-metastatic gene), mda-5 and mda-7/IL-24, which has shown promising clinical activity in Phase I/II clinical trials in patients with advanced cancers. Dr. Fisher alsohas a documented track record as a successful seasoned entrepreneur. He was Founder and Director of GenQuest Incorporated, a functional genomics company, which merged with Corixa Corporation in 1998, traded on NASDAQ and was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline in 2006. He discovered the cancer-specific PEG-Prom, which is the core technology of Cancer Targeting Systems (CTS, Inc.), a Virginia/Maryland-based company (at Johns Hopkins Medical Center) focusing on imaging and therapy (theranostics”) of metastatic cancer (2014) by Drs. Fisher and Martin G. Pomper. He co-founded InVaMet Therapeutics (IVMT) and InterLeukin Combinatorial Therapies (ILCT) with Dr. Webster K. Cavenee (UCSD) (2017/2018).