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E-raamat: Cartography: Visualization of Geospatial Data, Fourth Edition

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  • Formaat: 261 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429874901
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Cartography: Visualization of Geospatial Data, Fourth EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 261 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429874901
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"This fourth edition serves as an excellent introduction to general cartographic principles and as an examination of the best ways to optimize the visualization and use of spatio-temporal data. It incorporates all the changes and new developments in the world of maps such as open street maps and GPS-based crowdsourcing, the use of new web mapping technology, and adds new case studies and examples. Printed in full color, this fully-revised edition provides students with the knowledge and skills needed to read and understand maps and mapping changes, and offers professional cartographers an updated reference with the latest developments in cartography"--

This Fourth Edition of Cartography: Visualization of Geospatial Data serves as an excellent introduction to general cartographic principles. It is an examination of the best ways to optimize the visualization and use of spatiotemporal data. Fully revised, it incorporates all the changes and new developments in the world of maps, such as OpenStreetMap and GPS (Global Positioning System) based crowdsourcing, and the use of new web mapping technology and adds new case studies and examples. Now printed in colour throughout, this edition provides students with the knowledge and skills needed to read and understand maps and mapping changes and offers professional cartographers an updated reference with the latest developments in cartography.

Written by the leading scholars in cartography, this work is a comprehensive resource, perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in GIS (geographic information system) and cartography.

New in This Edition:

  • Provides an excellent introduction to general cartographic visualization principles through full-colour figures and images

  • Addresses significant changes in data sources, technologies and methodologies, including the movement towards more open data sources and systems for mapping

  • Includes new case studies and new examples for illustrating current trends in mapping

  • Provides a societal and institutional framework in which future mapmakers are likely to operate, based on UN global development sustainability goals

Arvustused

"While the overall structure of the book has been preserved from previous editions, the content was substantially re-vised, with new material that reflects emerging trends and changes in technology."

Menno-Jan Kraak and Ferjan Ormeling, Cartographic Perspective

Preface ix
Acknowledgements xiii
Authors xv
Chapter 1 Geographical Information Science And Maps
1(22)
1.1 The Map as an Interface
1(3)
1.2 Geospatial Data
4(3)
1.3 Geographical Information Systems
7(5)
1.4 Geospatial Analysis Operations
12(6)
1.5 The Spatial Infrastructure and Maps
18(2)
1.6 Cartographic Education
20(1)
Further Reading
21(2)
Chapter 2 Data Acquisition
23(20)
2.1 The Need to Know Acquisition Methods
23(3)
2.1.1 Terrestrial Surveys
24(1)
2.1.2 Photogrammetrical Surveys
24(1)
2.1.3 Lidar or Laser Altimetry
24(1)
2.1.4 Satellite Data
24(1)
2.1.5 GPS Data
25(1)
2.1.6 Digitizing or Scanning Analogue Maps
25(1)
2.1.7 Using Existing Boundary Files
25(1)
2.1.8 Socio-economic Statistical Files
25(1)
2.1.9 (Geo)physical Data Files
25(1)
2.1.10 Environmental Data Files
25(1)
2.1.11 Volunteered Geographical Information; Citizen Science
25(1)
2.2 Vector File Characteristics
26(1)
2.3 Raster File Characteristics
27(2)
2.4 Deriving Data from Existing Maps
29(3)
2.4.1 Finding the Proper Map: Documentation
29(1)
2.4.2 Preparation
29(1)
2.4.3 Digitizing
30(2)
2.5 Working with Digital Data
32(6)
2.5.1 Modelling the World
32(2)
2.5.2 Vector Approach
34(1)
2.5.3 Raster Approach
34(3)
2.5.4 Hybrid Use of the Database
37(1)
2.6 Control and Accuracy
38(4)
Further Reading
42(1)
Chapter 3 Map Characteristics
43(18)
3.1 Maps Are Unique
43(2)
3.2 Definitions of Cartography
45(4)
3.3 The Cartographic Communication Process
49(7)
3.4 Map Functions and Map Types
56(4)
Further Reading
60(1)
Chapter 4 Gis Applications: Which Map To Use?
61(14)
4.1 Maps and the Mature of QIS Applications
61(1)
4.2 Cadastre and Utilities: Use of Large-Scale Maps
61(4)
4.2.1 Cadastral Maps in Use
61(1)
4.2.2 Utility Maps at Work
62(3)
4.3 Geospatial Analysis in Geography: Use of Small-Scale Maps
65(2)
4.3.1 Socio-economic Maps
65(1)
4.3.2 Environmental Maps
66(1)
4.4 Geospatial, Thematic and Temporal Comparisons
67(6)
4.4.1 Comparing Geospatial Data's Geometry Component
68(2)
4.4.2 Comparing the Attribute Components of Geospatial Data
70(1)
4.4.3 Comparing the Temporal Components of Geospatial Data
71(2)
Further Reading
73(2)
Chapter 5 Map Design And Production
75(26)
5.1 Introduction
75(1)
5.2 Symbols to Portray Data Related to Points, Lines, Areas and Volumes
76(1)
5.3 Graphic Variables
77(7)
5.3.1 Visual Hierarchy
80(1)
5.3.2 The Use of Colour
81(3)
5.4 Typography: Conceptual and Design Aspects of Text on the Map
84(2)
5.5 Requirements for the Cartographic Component of GIS Packages
86(2)
5.5.1 Data Manipulation
87(1)
5.5.2 Output
88(1)
5.5.3 Graphical User Interface
88(1)
5.6 Map Design and Production
88(6)
5.7 Web Map Design
94(2)
5.8 Web Maps and Multimedia
96(3)
5.8.1 Sound
98(1)
5.8.2 Text
98(1)
5.8.3 Images
98(1)
5.8.4 Video/Animations
98(1)
Further Reading
99(2)
Chapter 6 Topography
101(46)
6.1 Georeferencing
101(3)
6.2 Map Projections
104(5)
6.3 Geometric Transformations
109(3)
6.4 Generalization
112(11)
6.4.1 Background and Concepts
112(4)
6.4.2 Cartographic Generalization
116(2)
6.4.3 Generalization Processes and Tools
118(5)
6.5 Relief
123(8)
6.5.1 Introduction
123(1)
6.5.2 Digital Terrain Models
124(2)
6.5.3 Terrain Visualization
126(5)
6.6 Topographic Data: Mapping and Charting Organizations
131(11)
6.6.1 Introduction
131(7)
6.6.2 OpenStreetMap (OSM)
138(1)
6.6.3 EuroBoundaryMap
138(1)
6.6.4 USGS National Nap Concept
138(1)
6.6.5 Ordnance Survey
138(4)
6.7 Geographical Names
142(3)
Further Reading
145(2)
Chapter 7 Statistical Mapping
147(40)
7.1 Statistical Surveys
147(2)
7.2 Data Analysis
149(6)
7.2.1 Data Adjustment
155(1)
7.3 Data Classification
155(8)
7.3.1 Graphic Approach
158(1)
7.3.1.1 Break Points
158(1)
7.3.1.2 Frequency Diagram
158(1)
7.3.1.3 Cumulative Frequency Diagram
158(1)
7.3.2 Mathematical Approach
159(1)
7.3.2.1 Equal Steps
159(1)
7.3.2.2 Quantiles
160(1)
7.3.2.3 Arithmetic Series
160(1)
7.3.2.4 Geometric Series
160(1)
7.3.2.5 Harmonic Series
160(1)
7.3.2.6 Nested Means
160(3)
7.4 Cartographical Data Analysis
163(3)
7.5 Mapping Methods
166(19)
7.5.1 Chorochromatic Maps or Mosaic Maps
168(2)
7.5.2 Choropleth Maps or Choropleths
170(3)
7.5.3 Isoline Maps
173(2)
7.5.4 Nominal Point Data
175(1)
7.5.5 Absolute Proportional Method
176(2)
7.5.6 Diagram Maps
178(1)
7.5.7 Dot Maps
179(2)
7.5.8 Flow Line Maps
181(1)
7.5.9 Statistical Surfaces
182(1)
7.5.10 Cartograms
182(1)
7.5.11 Choremes
183(2)
Further Reading
185(2)
Chapter 8 Mapping Time
187(12)
8.1 Introduction
187(5)
8.2 Mapping Change
192(1)
8.3 Animation
193(3)
8.3.1 Temporal Animations
194(1)
8.3.2 Non-Temporal Animations
194(2)
8.4 Dynamic Variables
196(1)
Further Reading
197(2)
Chapter 9 Maps At Work: Presenting And Using Geospatial Data In Maps And Atlases
199(16)
9.1 Introduction
199(1)
9.2 Paper Atlases
200(2)
9.3 Electronic Atlases
202(5)
9.3.1 Electronic Atlas Types
202(2)
9.3.2 Electronic Atlas Functionality
204(3)
9.4 Map Machines
207(1)
9.5 Story Map
208(1)
9.6 Atlases at Work: Map-Use Functions
208(5)
9.6.1 Explaining Patterns
208(2)
9.6.2 Comparison and Analysis
210(1)
9.6.3 Analysis and Decision-Making
211(1)
9.6.4 Conditions for Proper Use of the Maps
212(1)
9.7 Working with (Web-Based) Electronic Atlases
213(1)
Further Reading
214(1)
Chapter 10 Maps At Work: Analysis And Geovisualization
215(10)
10.1 Geovisual Analytics
220(3)
Further Reading
223(2)
Chapter 11 Cartography At Work: Maps As Decision Tools
225(14)
11.1 Again: Why Maps?
225(1)
11.2 Management and Documentation of Spatial Information
225(2)
11.2.1 Retrieving Geodata
226(1)
11.3 Outdated Data: At Work with the Digital Chart of the World
227(1)
11.3.1 Case 1: The Netherlands' Railroads
227(1)
11.3.2 Case 2: East African Highlands
228(1)
11.4 Accessibility: Cartography, GIS and Spatial Information Policy
228(2)
11.5 Copyright and Liability
230(6)
11.5.1 Copyright
231(1)
11.5.2 Exceptions to the Copyright Law
232(1)
11.5.3 Doubtful Copyright Protection of Geographical Information
233(1)
11.5.4 Freedom of Information Act
234(1)
11.5.5 Copyright and the Internet
234(1)
11.5.6 Creative Commons Licences
234(1)
11.5.7 Right of Possession
234(1)
11.5.8 Public Lending Right
234(1)
11.5.9 International Differences
235(1)
11.5.10 Liability
235(1)
11.6 Map Use and Usability
236(1)
11.7 Maps and GIScience Revisited
237(1)
Further Reading
238(1)
References 239(4)
Index 243
Menno-Jan Kraak is professor of Geovisual Analytics and Cartography at the University of Twente, Faculty of Geoinformation Sciences and Earth Observation / ITC. Currently he is head of ITCs Geo-Information Processing Department. He is also serving as President of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) for the period 2015-2019. He has written more than 200 publications, among these the book Mapping Time. He is a member of the editorial board of several international journals in the fields of cartography and GIScience.

Ferjan Ormeling retired as honorary professor of Cartography at Utrecht University (where he focused his research on thematic cartography, atlas cartography and toponymy), and now works as a member of the Explokart research group at the University of Amsterdam. He advises on atlas projects on behalf of the International Cartographic Association, and teaches toponymy courses in developing countries for the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names.
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