| Preface |
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xv | |
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1 | (4) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (22) |
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2.1 Spring--Mass Systems and Resonance |
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5 | (4) |
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2.2 Case History: Combining Springs and Masses in a Steam Turbine Problem |
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9 | (3) |
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2.3 Useful Questions to Ask Before Beginning a Vibration Analysis |
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12 | (1) |
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2.4 Linear Spring Constants and Area Moments of Inertia |
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13 | (1) |
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2.5 Vibrating Flat Plates |
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14 | (2) |
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2.6 Two-Degree Tuned Vibration Absorber |
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16 | (3) |
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2.7 Natural Frequencies of Pipes and Beams |
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19 | (1) |
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2.8 Effect of Clearance on the Natural Frequency |
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19 | (2) |
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2.9 Static Deflection and Pendulum Natural Frequency |
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21 | (2) |
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2.10 Coupled Single-Mass Systems |
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23 | (4) |
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25 | (2) |
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3 Vibration-Measuring Methods and Limits |
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27 | (18) |
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3.1 Important Frequencies |
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27 | (4) |
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31 | (2) |
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3.3 Case History: Systematic Procedure to Identify a Vibration Source |
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33 | (1) |
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3.4 Vibration-Measuring Terms |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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3.7 Measuring Transducers |
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38 | (2) |
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3.8 Measurements: Time-Based, Bode, and Orbit Plots |
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40 | (5) |
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4 Simple Analytical Examples |
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45 | (32) |
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4.1 Determining Vibration Amplitude |
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45 | (2) |
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4.2 Resonant and Off-Resonant Amplitudes |
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47 | (2) |
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4.3 Case History: Transmitted Force and Isolation of a Roof Fan |
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49 | (2) |
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4.4 Case History: Seal Failure Due to Misalignment of an Agitator Shaft |
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51 | (2) |
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4.5 Case History: Structural Vibration |
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53 | (1) |
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4.6 Case History: Production-Line Grinding Problem |
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54 | (3) |
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4.7 Case History: Vehicle on Springs |
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57 | (1) |
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4.8 Case History: Vibrating Cantilevered Components |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (1) |
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4.10 Case History: Vibrating Pump Mounted on a Plate Deck |
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60 | (2) |
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4.11 Case History: Misalignment Force |
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62 | (2) |
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4.12 Case History: Vertical Pump Vibrations and Bearing Survival |
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64 | (3) |
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4.13 Case History: Cause of Mysterious Movement on a Centrifuge Deck |
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67 | (3) |
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4.14 Case History: Engine Vibration Monitoring Device |
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70 | (2) |
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4.15 Case History: Natural Frequency of A Midsupport Vertical Mixer |
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72 | (1) |
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4.16 Case History: Valve Float Analysis |
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73 | (4) |
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75 | (2) |
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5 Vibration-Based Problems and Their Sources |
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77 | (22) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (4) |
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5.3 Ball and Roller Bearing Failures |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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5.5 Flow-Induced Vibration |
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86 | (2) |
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5.5.1 Case History: Stack Vibration Induced by Wind |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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5.8 Mechanical Seal Chipping and Damage |
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90 | (1) |
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5.9 Surging of Fans and Other Causes of Vibration |
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90 | (2) |
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5.10 Vibration Due to Beats |
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92 | (1) |
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5.11 The Slip-Stick Problem |
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92 | (5) |
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5.12 Drive Belt Vibration |
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97 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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6 Causes of Vibrations and Solutions in Machinery |
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99 | (22) |
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99 | (3) |
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6.1.1 Case History: Motor Imbalance |
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100 | (2) |
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6.2 Causes of Shaft Misalignment |
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102 | (2) |
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6.2.1 Types of Misalignment |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Acceptable Coupling Offset and Angular Misalignment |
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103 | (1) |
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6.3 A Problem in Measuring Vibration on Large Machines |
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104 | (1) |
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6.4 Causes of Pump Vibration |
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105 | (6) |
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6.4.1 NPSH Problems and Cavitation |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Off Best Efficiency Point |
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107 | (2) |
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6.4.4 Vertical Pump Vibration |
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109 | (2) |
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6.4.5 Pump Vibration Level Guidelines |
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111 | (1) |
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6.5 Other Causes of Motor Vibration |
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111 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Motor Vibration-Level Guidelines |
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112 | (1) |
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6.6 Causes of Gearbox Vibration |
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113 | (3) |
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6.6.1 Cyclic External Reaction Loads |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Gearbox Vibration-Level Guidelines |
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114 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Causes of Cooling Tower Fan System Vibration |
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114 | (1) |
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6.6.5 Complex Gearbox Vibration Spectra |
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115 | (1) |
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6.7 Types of Couplings for Alignment |
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116 | (5) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (20) |
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7.1 Types of Piping Vibration Problems |
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121 | (1) |
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7.2 Vibration Screening Charts and Allowable Limits |
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122 | (1) |
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7.3 Case History: Water Hammer and Piping Impacts |
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123 | (3) |
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7.4 Case History: Heat-Exchanger Tube Vibration |
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126 | (2) |
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7.5 Case History: Useful Equations In Solving a Cracked Nozzle |
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128 | (2) |
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7.6 Support and Constraint Considerations in Vibrating Services |
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130 | (1) |
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7.7 Case History: Control Valve Trim Causing Piping Vibration |
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130 | (1) |
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7.8 Vibration Observed and Possible Causes |
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131 | (1) |
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7.9 Acoustical Vibration Problems |
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131 | (5) |
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7.9.1 Case History: Compressor Acoustical Vibration Analysis |
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133 | (1) |
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7.9.2 Case History: Tuning Using a Helmholz Resonator |
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134 | (1) |
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7.9.3 Case History: Tuning Using Surge Volume |
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135 | (1) |
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7.10 Two-Phase Flow and Slug Flow |
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136 | (2) |
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7.11 Case History: U-Tube Heat-Exchanger Vibration |
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138 | (1) |
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7.12 Crack Growth in a Flat Plate |
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139 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (38) |
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8.1 Torsional Vibration Defined |
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141 | (2) |
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8.2 Case History: Torsional Vibration of a Motor--Generator--Blower |
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143 | (1) |
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8.3 Case History: Engine--Gearbox--Pump |
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144 | (2) |
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8.4 Case History: Internal Combustion Engine--Gearbox--Propeller |
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146 | (6) |
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8.5 Case History: Effect of Changing Firing Order On Crankshaft Stress |
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152 | (1) |
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8.6 Case History: Transient Power Surge Motor--Gearbox--Compressor |
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152 | (3) |
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8.7 Case History: Vibratory Torque on the Gear of a Ship System |
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155 | (2) |
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8.8 Torsional Spring Constants and Mass Moments of Inertia |
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157 | (1) |
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8.9 Three-Mass Natural Frequency Simplification |
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158 | (2) |
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8.10 Case History: Torsional Vibration of a Drill String |
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160 | (1) |
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8.11 Case History: Effect of a Suddenly Applied Torsional Load |
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160 | (2) |
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8.12 Sensitivity Analysis of a Two-Mass Torsional System |
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162 | (1) |
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8.13 Case History: Engine Natural Frequency as a Continuous Shaft |
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163 | (1) |
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8.14 Types of Torsionally Soft Couplings |
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164 | (4) |
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8.15 Torsional Vibration Testing |
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168 | (2) |
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8.16 Case History: Out-of-Synchronization Grid Closure |
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170 | (1) |
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8.17 Operating Through a Large Torsional Amplitude |
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171 | (2) |
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8.18 Case History: Engine Mode Shape as a Continuous Shaft |
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173 | (1) |
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8.19 Holzer Method for Calculating Torsional and Linear Multimass Systems |
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174 | (3) |
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8.20 Experimental Determination of Mass Moment of Inertia J |
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177 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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9 Turbomachinery Vibration |
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179 | (24) |
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9.1 Unique Vibration Problems of Turbomachinery |
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179 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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9.2 Lateral Vibrations of a Simplified System |
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181 | (4) |
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9.2.1 A Simplified Rotor System |
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181 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Compressor with High Stiffness Bearings |
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182 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Critical Speed of a Rotor on Spring Supports |
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183 | (2) |
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9.3 Allowable Shaft Displacement Guidelines |
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185 | (1) |
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9.4 Compressor Surge and Rotor Vibration |
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185 | (2) |
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9.5 Rigid and Flexible Rotor Balancing |
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187 | (3) |
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9.6 Case History: Checking the Critical Speed of a Motor Rotor |
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190 | (2) |
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9.7 Case History: Response of a Missing Blade on a Steam Turbine |
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192 | (3) |
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9.8 Case History: Stepped Shaft Into Equivalent Diameter |
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195 | (1) |
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9.9 Case History: Two-Diameter Rotor System |
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196 | (1) |
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9.10 Hydrodynamic Bearing Stiffness |
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197 | (4) |
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9.11 Rotor Dynamics of Pumps |
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201 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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10 Very Low Cycle Vibrations and Other Phenomena |
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203 | (42) |
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10.1 Very Low Cycle Vibration Defined |
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203 | (1) |
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10.2 Vessels In High-Cycle Service |
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204 | (1) |
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10.3 Case History: Cracking of a Rotary Dryer |
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205 | (2) |
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10.4 Phantom Failures: Some Failures are Very Elusive |
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207 | (1) |
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10.5 Case History: Troubleshooting Gear Face Damage |
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208 | (2) |
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10.6 Case History: Thermally Bowed Shaft and Vibration |
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210 | (2) |
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10.7 Case History: Effect of Nonlinear Stiffness |
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212 | (2) |
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10.8 Case History: Effect of Clearance on a Vibrating System |
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214 | (1) |
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10.9 Case History: Fatigue Failure of a Crankshaft |
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215 | (3) |
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10.10 Case History: Understanding Slip--Jerk During Slow Roll |
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218 | (1) |
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10.11 Case History: Predicting the Crack Growth on a Machine |
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219 | (3) |
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10.12 Case History: Bolt Loosening on Counterweight Bolts |
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222 | (1) |
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10.13 Case History: Centrifuge Vibration |
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223 | (2) |
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10.14 Case History: Crack Growth In a Gear Tooth |
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225 | (2) |
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10.15 Case History: Vibration of a Rotor In Its Case |
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227 | (2) |
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10.16 Case History: Gearbox Input Shaft Lockup |
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229 | (2) |
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10.17 Case History: Troubleshooting a Roller Bearing Failure |
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231 | (1) |
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10.18 Case History: Using Imprints to Determine Loads |
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232 | (3) |
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10.19 Case History: Extruder BlowBack |
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235 | (4) |
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10.20 Case History: Vibratory and Rotational Wear |
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239 | (2) |
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10.21 Two-Mass System With Known and Unknown Displacement |
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241 | (1) |
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10.22 Case History: Fiberglass Mixing Tank Flexing Vibration |
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241 | (4) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (24) |
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11.1 Why Things Fail In Vibration |
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245 | (1) |
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11.2 Case History: Spring Failure |
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246 | (1) |
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11.3 Case History: Spline Fretting |
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247 | (1) |
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11.4 Case History: Sheet Metal Vibration Cracking |
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248 | (1) |
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11.5 Case History: Bearing Brinelling and False Brinelling |
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249 | (1) |
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11.6 Case History: Crankshaft Failure |
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250 | (1) |
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11.7 Case History: Brush Holder Wear |
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251 | (1) |
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11.8 Case History: Cracking of a Vibrating Conveyor Structure |
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251 | (1) |
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11.9 Case History: Failure of a Cooling Tower Blade Arm |
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252 | (2) |
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11.10 Case History: Fatigue Failures at High Cyclic Stress Areas |
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254 | (1) |
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11.11 Case History: Fatigue Failure of Shafts |
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254 | (3) |
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11.12 Case History: Failure of a Steam Turbine Blade |
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257 | (1) |
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11.13 Case History: Failure of a Reciprocating Compressor Slipper |
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258 | (1) |
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11.14 Case History: Multiple-Cause Gear Failure |
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259 | (1) |
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11.15 Case History: Loose Bolt Failures |
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259 | (3) |
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11.16 Case History: Piston Failure in a Racing Car |
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262 | (1) |
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11.17 Case History: Stop Holes For Cracks Don't Always Work |
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262 | (2) |
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11.18 Case History: Small Bearing Failure Due To Vibration |
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264 | (2) |
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11.19 Appearance of Fatigue Fracture Surfaces |
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266 | (3) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (10) |
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12.1 Metal Fatigue Defined |
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269 | (1) |
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12.2 Reduction of a Component's Life When Subjected to Excessive Vibration |
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270 | (3) |
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12.3 Case History: Special Case of Fatigue Potential |
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273 | (1) |
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12.4 Metallurgical Examination |
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274 | (1) |
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12.5 Taking Risks and Making High-Level Presentations |
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275 | (4) |
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277 | (2) |
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13 Short History of Vibration |
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279 | (6) |
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282 | (3) |
| Index |
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285 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta