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E-raamat: Causal Physics: Photons by Non-Interactions of Waves

(University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA)
  • Formaat: 296 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781351832298
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  • Formaat: 296 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781351832298

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Causal Physics: Photons by Non Interactions of Waves redefines the mathematical Superposition Principle as an operational Superposition Effect; which is the measurable physical transformation experienced by a detector due to stimulations induced by multiple waves simultaneously acting on the detecting dipoles. This light-matter interaction process driven model emerges naturally by incorporating the observed properties, Non-Interaction of Waves (NIW) and quantized photo detectors needing to fill up their "quantum-cups" with the required quantity of energy from all the stimulating waves around it. By not incorporating this NIW-property explicitly, quantum mechanics failed to extract various embedded realities in the theory while incorporated unnecessary hypotheses like wave-particle duality. The book utilizes this NIW-property to explain all the major optical phenomena (diffraction, spectrometry, coherence.) without using any self-contradictory hypotheses that are prevalent now.

The book redefines the old ether (constituting the space) as a stationary Complex Tension Field (CTF), holding all the energy of the universe (no need for Dark Energy of Dark Matter). CTF sustains perpetually propagating EM waves as its linear excitations and the particles as self-looped localized resonant non-linear excitations. Tensions are identified by Maxwell, then the velocities of emitting and detecting atoms through the CTF contribute to the Doppler shifts separately. This calls for re-visiting physical processes behind Hubble Redshift and hence Expanding Universe.

The success of the book derives from a novel thinking strategy of visualizing the invisible interaction processes, named as Interaction Process Mapping Epistemology (IPM-E). This is over and above the prevailing strategy of Measurable Data Modeling Epistemology (MDM-E). The approach inspires the next generation of physicists to recognizing that the "foundation of the edifice of physics" has not yet been finalized. IPM-E will stimulate more of us to become technology innovators by learning to emulate the ontologically real physical processes in nature and become more evolution congruent.

Critical thinkers without expertise in optical science and engineering, will appreciate the value of the content by reading the book backward, starting from Ch.12; which explains the critical thinking methodology besides giving a very brief summary of the contents in the previous chapters.











Establishes that abandoning the wave-particle-duality actually allows us to extract more realities out of quantum mechanics. Illustrates how the discovery of the NIW-property profoundly impacts several branches of fundamental physics, including Doppler effect and hence the cosmological red shift Summarizes that many ad hoc hypotheses from physics can be removed, a la Occams razor, while improving the reality and comprehension of some of the current working theories Demonstrates that our persistent attempts to restore causality in physical theories will be guided by our capability to visualize the invisible light matter interaction processes that are behind the emergence of all measurable data Draws close attention to the invisible but ontological interaction processes behind various optical phenomena so we can emulate them more efficiently and knowledgably in spite of limitations of our theories

Designed as a reference book for general physics and philosophy, this optical science and engineering book is an ideal resource for optical engineers, physicists, and those working with modern optical equipment and high precision instrumentation.
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xxi
Chapter 1 Contradictions in Optical Phenomena
1(16)
1.1 Introduction: Critical Role of Electromagnetic Waves in Advancing Fundamental Science and Various Technologies
1(1)
1.2 Contradictions and Paradoxes
2(15)
1.2.1 Diffractively Spreading Wave Packet versus Indivisible Photon
2(2)
1.2.2 Spectrometry
4(2)
1.2.3 Coherence
6(2)
1.2.4 Mode-Lock Phenomenon
8(1)
1.2.5 Dispersion Phenomenon and Time-Frequency Fourier Theorem (TF-FT)
9(1)
1.2.6 Polarization Phenomenon
10(1)
1.2.7 Photoelectron Counting, Entangled Photons, Bell's Inequality, etc.
11(1)
References
12(5)
Chapter 2 Recognizing NIW Property
17(20)
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Evidence of NIW Property from Commonsense Observations
17(2)
2.3 Evidence of NIW Property from Multiple- and Two-Beam Interferometer Experiments
19(3)
2.3.1 Multiple-Beam Interferometer Experiment
19(3)
2.3.2 Two-Beam Interferometer Experiment
22(1)
2.4 Evidence of the NIW Property Built into the Wave Equations
22(1)
2.4.1 NIW Properly Built into Huygens--Fresnel Diffraction Integral
22(1)
2.4.2 NIW Property Built into Maxwell's Wave Equation
22(1)
2.5 Physical Processes behind Energy Redistribution and Redirection
23(6)
2.5.1 Role of Beam Splitter When Poynting Vectors of the Two Superposed Beams Are Collinear and Noncollinear
23(2)
2.5.2 Roles of a Parallel Pair of Beam Splitters When Used as a Fabry--Perot Interferometer
25(1)
2.5.3 A Simple Two-Beam Holography Experiment
26(1)
2.5.4 Locking Independent Laser Array by Near-Field Talbot Diffraction
27(2)
2.6 Conflict of the NIW Property with the Time-Frequency Fourier Theorem (TF-FT)
29(4)
2.6.1 Fourier Decomposition: An Amplitude-Modulated Wave Does Not Contain Fourier Frequencies
29(3)
2.6.2 Fourier Synthesis: Coherent Frequencies Do Not Sum to Create a New Average Frequency
32(1)
2.7 Other Historical Missed Opportunities to Recognize the NIW-Property
33(4)
References
35(2)
Chapter 3 Emergence of Superposition Effects
37(18)
3.1 Introduction
37(3)
3.1.1 Background
37(2)
3.1.2 Initial Framework
39(1)
3.2 Evidence of the NIW Property Built into the Wave Equation
40(10)
3.2.1 Intrinsic Properties of a Wave Equation
40(1)
3.2.2 Intrinsic Time Averaging Built into All Photo Detectors
41(4)
3.2.3 Intrinsic Spatial Fringe Integration Time Built into Most Photo Detection Systems
45(5)
3.3 Critical Role Played by a Beam Combiner; Collinear versus Noncollinear Beam Superposition
50(5)
References
53(2)
Chapter 4 Diffraction Phenomenon
55(14)
4.1 Introduction: The Huygens-Fresnel Principle
55(1)
4.2 Huygens--Fresnel (HF) Diffraction Integral
56(1)
4.3 Appreciating the NIW Property through Some Basic Diffraction Patterns
57(5)
4.3.1 Dark Fringe Locations Are Not Devoid of EM Wave Energy. Detectors Cannot Absorb Energy from Out-of-Phase Waves
59(2)
4.3.2 Superposed Multiple Beams Do Not Regroup Energy at Bright Fringe Locations
61(1)
4.4 Evolution of HF Integral to an SS-FT Integral or Space--Space Fourier Transforms
62(2)
4.5 A Critique against Incorporating Time-Frequency Fourier Theorem within HF Integral
64(2)
4.6 Visualizing Wave Propagation from Wave Equations
66(3)
References
67(2)
Chapter 5 Spectrometry
69(22)
5.1 Introduction
69(1)
5.2 Grating Response Functions
70(12)
5.2.1 Time-Varying Grating Response Function for a Short Pulse
70(3)
5.2.2 Time-Integrated Grating Response Function for a Short Pulse
73(3)
5.2.3 Time-Integrated Grating-Response Function for Long Pulse δt > τ0
76(1)
5.2.4 Deriving Traditional Grating Response Function Using a Hypothetical Continuous Wave
77(1)
5.2.5 Deriving CW Response Function Using Delta Impulse Response Function and Fourier Transformation
78(1)
5.2.6 Equivalency of Time-Integrated Pulse Response Function with Classical Concept
79(3)
5.3 Fabry--Perot Response Function
82(4)
5.3.1 Classical Derivation and Background
82(1)
5.3.2 Time-Varying and Time-Integrated Fabry--Perot Response Function for a Short Pulse
83(3)
5.4 Michelson's Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) and Light-Beating Spectrometry (LBS)
86(5)
5.4.1 Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS)
86(1)
5.4.2 Light-Beating Spectrometry (LBS)
86(2)
References
88(3)
Chapter 6 "Coherence" Phenomenon
91(20)
6.1 Introduction
91(1)
6.2 Traditional Visibility and Autocorrelation Due to a Light Pulse or Amplitude Correlation
92(7)
6.2.1 Recognizing the Short-Time Averaging Process Built into the Theory
94
6.2.2 Recognizing Long-Time Integration Process Built into the Theory
95(2)
6.2.3 Autocorrelation Theorem and Mathematical Fourier Frequencies
97(2)
6.3 Spectral Correlation
99(3)
6.4 Spatial or Space--Space Correlation
102(3)
6.5 Complex Correlation
105(2)
6.6 Conceptual Contradictions Existing in Current Coherence Theory
107(2)
6.7 Redefining Coherence as Joint-Correlation Effect Experienced by Detectors
109(2)
References
110(1)
Chapter 7 Mode-Lock Phenomenon
111(18)
7.1 Introduction
111(1)
7.2 Recognizing Conceptual Contradictions and Ambiguities in the Observed Data of Phase-Locked Lasers
112(10)
7.2.1 Can Superposed Modes Create a New Mean Frequency?
112(2)
7.2.2 Do Spectral Gain Characteristics Influence Mode-Locking Process and Output Spectra?
114(2)
7.2.3 Why Regular CW He-Ne Lasers Show Mode-Lock-Like Pulsations with a Fast Detector?
116(2)
7.2.3.1 Is Synthetic Mode Locking Possible?
118(2)
7.2.4 Can Autocorrelation Data Unambiguously Determine the Existence of Ultrashort Pulses?
120(2)
7.3 Modeling Mode Locking as an Intensity-Dependent Time-Gating Process
122(7)
7.3.1 Basic Background
122(2)
7.3.2 Model for Spontaneous and Stimulated Photon
124(1)
7.3.3 Modeling the Evolution of Resonant Time-Gating Operation
124(3)
References
127(2)
Chapter 8 Dispersion Phenomenon
129(18)
8.1 Introduction
129(1)
8.2 Classifying Spectral Dispersion Based on Physical Processes in the Instruments
130(4)
8.2.1 Refractive Dispersion of a Prism Spectrometers and Its Resolving Power
130(1)
8.2.2 Interferometric Dispersion Displayed by Multibeam Fabry--Perot Interferometer and Its Resolving Power
131(2)
8.2.3 Diffractive Dispersion Displayed by a Grating and Its Resolving Power
133(1)
8.3 Physical Origin of Material Dispersion (Frequency Dependent Velocity)
134(2)
8.4 Does Group Velocity Correctly Depict the Broadening of Pulse Propagating through a Dispersive Medium?
136(11)
8.4.1 Phase and Group Velocity for Two CW Waves of Different Frequencies
136(2)
8.4.2 Phase and Group Velocity for N-Superposed CW Waves of Periodic Frequencies
138(1)
8.4.3 Appreciating the Limitation of Propagating Fourier Frequencies of Pulsed Light to Predict the Final Pulse Broadening
139(4)
8.4.4 A Solid Fabry--Perot Etalon to Test the Concept of Group Velocity
143(2)
References
145(2)
Chapter 9 Polarization Phenomenon
147(16)
9.1 Introduction
147(2)
9.2 Polarization Interferometry: Do EM Wave Vectors Sum Themselves or Do the Detecting Dipoles?
149(8)
9.2.1 Generic Fringe Visibility Function for Two-Beam Superposition
149(1)
9.2.2 Light-Matter Interactions for Different Polarizations
150(1)
9.2.3 Different Possible Models for E-Vector--Dipole Response for Superposition of Two Beams with Same Optical Frequency
151(6)
9.3 Complexity of Interferometry with Polarized Light; Even a Fixed Polarizer Can Modulate Light
157(2)
9.4 Can Orthogonal Beams Combine to Make a Polarized E-Vector If the NIW Property Is Valid?
159(4)
References
161(2)
Chapter 10 A Causal Photon without Duality
163(28)
10.1 Introduction
163(1)
10.2 Historical Origin of Wave--Particle Duality
164(9)
10.2.1 Has Wave--Particle Duality Enhanced Our Understanding of Photons?
167(1)
10.2.2 Has Wave--Particle Duality Enhanced Our Understanding of the Light--Matter Interaction Process?
168(1)
10.2.3 Does a Series of Clicks Validate Indivisibility of Photons?
169(3)
10.2.4 Why Interfering Radio Waves Do Not Produce "Quantum Clicks"
172(1)
10.3 Revisiting Einstein and Dirac Postulates in Light of Planck's Wave Packet and the NIW Property
173(4)
10.3.1 Revisiting the NIW Property
173(2)
10.3.2 Measured Photoelectric Current Contradicts Postulates of Einstein and Dirac
175(2)
10.4 Proposed Model for Semiclassical Photons
177(3)
10.4.1 Causal Photon Model
177(1)
10.4.2 Measuring the Envelope Function of a Spontaneous Photon Wave Envelope
178(2)
10.5 Recognizing Complexities Imposed by Mirrors and Beam Splitters in an Interferometer
180(1)
10.6 Information Carried by Photon Wave Packets
181(7)
10.6.1 Separate Physical Reality of Amplitude and Phase Information Emanating from Double Slit
182(3)
10.6.2 Double-Slit Fringes with Two Different Frequencies through Each One of the Slits. Resolving "Which Way"?
185(3)
10.7 Do We Need to Accept "Wave--Particle Duality" as Our Final Knowledge?
188(3)
References
188(3)
Chapter 11 NIW Property Requires Complex Tension Field (CTF)
191(38)
11.1 Introduction
191(3)
11.2 Most Successful Theories Implicate Space as Possessing Some Physical Properties
194(4)
11.2.1 Gravitational Field
194(1)
11.2.2 Space--Time Four-Dimensionality of Relativity
195(1)
11.2.3 Electromagnetic Fields
196(1)
11.2.4 Modern Quantum Theories
197(1)
11.3 Propagation of EM Waves as Undulations of the Complex Tension Field (CTF)
198(2)
11.4 Cosmological Red Shift: Doppler Shift versus a Dissipative CTF
200(10)
11.4.1 Classical Acoustic Doppler Frequency Shifts: Source and Detector Movements Are Separable
200(3)
11.4.2 Relativistic Doppler Frequency Shifts: Source and Detector Movements Are Not Separable
203(1)
11.4.3 Origin of Longitudinal Modes in Gas Laser Cavity Helps Distinguish Doppler Shifts due to Source Moving and Detector Moving
204(4)
11.4.4 Expanding Universe versus Energy Dissipative CTF
208(2)
11.5 Massless Particles as Localized Resonant Harmonic Oscillations of the CTF
210(8)
11.5.1 Four Forces as Gradients Imposed on CTF around Localized Oscillations (Particles)
212(1)
11.5.2 Wave--Particle Duality for Particles and Locality of Superposition Effects between Particle Beams
213(5)
11.6 CTF-Drag and Special Relativity
218(11)
11.6.1 Is CTF Four Dimensional?
218(1)
11.6.2 Positive Fresnel's Ether-Drag, as Measured by Fizeau, Takes Place Only When Water Moves with Respect to the Light Source!
219(1)
11.6.3 Null Fresnel Drag in the Absence of Relative Velocity between the Interferometer Light Source and the Material in Its Arms
220(2)
11.6.4 Do We Really Understand the Physical Significance of the Velocity Addition Theorem?
222(1)
11.6.5 Existence of CTF May Be Corroborated by Atomic Corral Recorded by AFM Pictures
223(1)
11.6.6 Concluding Comments
224(1)
References
225(4)
Chapter 12 Evolving Scientific Inquiry
229(38)
12.1 Introduction: Why a
Chapter on Methodology of Thinking in a Basic Book on Science?
229(4)
12.2 Acknowledging the Outstanding Achievements of Modern Physics
233(1)
12.3 Taking Guidance from Newton
233(1)
12.4 Evolution of Our Exploring Approaches to Understand Nature
234(9)
12.4.1 Prehistoric Thinking (to the Extent We Can Extrapolate)
236(1)
12.4.2 Emergence of Modern Philosophical Approach
236(3)
12.4.3 Physics up to 1850
239(1)
12.4.4 Rapid Expansion of Modern Physics: 1850 and Forward
240(1)
12.4.5 Early 1900
240(1)
12.4.6 1925 and Forward
241(2)
12.5 Need for Well-Articulated Epistemology for Students
243(6)
12.5.1 Ad Hoc Paradigms Have Been Enforcing Highly Structured Thinking for Generations
243(2)
12.5.2 MDM-E Alone Is Insufficient to Provide Us with Continuously Evolving Guidance
245(1)
12.5.3 Broader Recognition That Progress in Physics Has Slowed Down
246(1)
12.5.4 Framing the Question Determines the Answer, and the Answer Is Never Final
247(1)
12.5.5 Culture: Its Implied Purpose and Limit, Dictating How We Frame Questions
248(1)
12.6 Seamlessly Connecting IPM-E with MDM-E by Dissecting the Measurement and Theorizing Processes
249(4)
12.6.1 Dissecting the Measurement Process
249(2)
12.6.2 Dissecting the Theorizing Process
251(2)
12.7 Highlights of the Book and Its Accomplishments
253(3)
12.7.1 Highlights of the Book
253(2)
12.7.2 Apply Occam's Razor to Reduce the Number of Hypotheses
255(1)
12.8 Congruency between Seeking "Ontological Reality" and "Sustained Evolution"
256(11)
References
263(4)
Index 267
Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri is a research professor of physics, at the University of Connecticut. His key interest is in exploring the fundamental nature of light and particles. Chandra came to the USA as a Fulbright Scholar and received his PhD from the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester. He has worked for US industries for 14 years (TRW, Perkin-Elmer, United Technologies) and for academia for over two decades (India, Mexico, USA). He is a life member of APS, OSA, and IEEE, and Fellow of OSA and SPIE. He was a member of the board of directors of both OSA and SPIE.