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E-raamat: Causes, Laws, and Free Will: Why Determinism Doesn't Matter

(Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-May-2013
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199795253
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-May-2013
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199795253

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Common sense tells us that we are morally responsible for our actions only if we have free will - and that we have free will only if we are able to choose among alternative actions. Common sense tells us that we do have free will and are morally responsible for many of the things we do. Common sense also tells us that we are objects in the natural world, governed by its laws. Nevertheless, many contemporary philosophers deny that we have free will or that free will is a necessary prerequisite for moral responsibility. Some hold that we are morally responsible only if we are somehow exempt from the laws of nature. Causes, Laws, and Free Will defends a thesis that has almost disappeared from the contemporary philosophical landscape by arguing that this philosophical flight from common sense is a mistake. We have free will even if everything we do is predictable given the laws of nature and the past, and we are morally responsible whatever the laws of nature turn out to be. The impulses that tempt us into thinking that determinism robs us of free will spring from mistakes - mistakes about the metaphysics of causation, mistakes about the nature of laws, and mistakes about the logic of counterfactuals.

Arvustused

A detailed and rigorous inquiry into the classic free will debate. * Christopher Evan Franklin, Notre Dame Philosophical Review *

Acknowledgments ix
Chapter 1 The Problem Introduced: Would Determinism Rob Us of Free Will?
1(22)
1 Free Will, Ability to Do Otherwise, and the Basic Argument
1(2)
2 Determinism and Some Distinctions
3(3)
3 Narrow Ability, Wide Ability, and the No Choice Argument
6(10)
4 The Basic Argument Extended and Two Ways of Responding: Metaphysical Compatibilism and Moral Compatibilism
16(4)
5 How I Propose to Navigate the Treacherous Waters of the Free Will/Determinism Problem: A First Road Map of the Book
20(3)
Chapter 2 The Problem Distinguished: Is It Possible for Us to Have Free Will? Do We Have Free Will?
23(34)
1 Two Questions about Free Will: The Possibility Question and the Determinism Question
23(5)
2 Some Remarks about Methodology
28(4)
3 The Existential Question and Commonsense Compatibilism
32(3)
4 Impossibilism: Five Arguments for Fatalism
35(13)
5 Hard Determinism or Impossibilism? Five Versions of the Clarence Darrow Argument
48(9)
Chapter 3 Abilities, Choices, and Agent Causation
57(32)
1 What This
Chapter Is About and Why
57(3)
2 The Commonsense View (and the Limits of Common Sense)
60(10)
3 Two Steps beyond Common Sense: Limited Laws Indeterminism and Agent Causation
70(4)
4 Are Events the Only Causes? Could an Object Be a Cause?
74(8)
5 Could an Agent Be a Cause?
82(4)
6 Where We Are Now
86(3)
Chapter 4 The Unavoidability of Metaphysics: Moral Responsibility and Ability to Do Otherwise
89(36)
1 Alternatives, Choice, and Moral Responsibility
89(3)
2 Frankfurt's Bold Gambit and the Long Debate That Followed
92(5)
3 Two Ways of Getting Someone to Do What You Want
97(5)
4 Heads I Win, Tails You Lose
102(5)
5 Why There Is No Middle Way (Why Putting the Preemptor on the Scene Doesn't Help)
107(2)
6 Freedom of Action, Freedom of Will, and Three Ways of Having a Choice
109(5)
7 Frankfurt's Intuition Reconsidered: Why the Subtraction Argument Fails, Why the Supervenience Argument Fails
114(8)
8 Lessons for Compatibilists
122(3)
Chapter 5 Arguments for Incompatibilism
125(42)
1 No Forking Paths Argument
125(4)
2 No Present Causes Argument
129(5)
3 No Agent Causes Argument
134(7)
4 No Inner Commander Argument
141(7)
5 Manipulation Arguments
148(7)
6 The Consequence Argument
155(12)
Chapter 6 The Abilities and Dispositions of Our Freedom
167(48)
1 The Big Picture: The Bundle View
167(3)
2 Abilities and Dispositions
170(11)
3 Dispositions and Counterfactuals
181(6)
4 The Intrinsic Dispositions Thesis and Frankfurt's Argument
187(5)
5 Wide Abilities, Choice, and the Consequence Argument
192(4)
6 Historical Interlude: Objections to the Simple Conditional Analysis Reconsidered
196(12)
7 Virtues of the Bundle View
208(7)
Chapter 7 Laws, Counterfactuals, and Fixed Past Compatibilism
215(24)
1 What This
Chapter Is About and Why
215(2)
2 How the Laws Constrain
217(3)
3 Counterfactuals and Our Experience of Choice
220(8)
4 Counterfactuals: From Goodman to Lewis
228(7)
5 Choice Counterfactuals and Fixed Past Compatibilism
235(2)
6 Concluding Remarks
237(2)
Notes 239(32)
References 271(8)
Index 279
Kadri Vihvelin is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Southern California.