|
1 Fundamentals of Cavitation |
|
|
1 | (46) |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.2 Process and Thresholds of Cavitation |
|
|
2 | (8) |
|
1.2.1 Nucleation, Growth, Oscillation, Collapse, and Dissolution |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.2.2 Nucleation and Collapse Thresholds |
|
|
3 | (7) |
|
|
10 | (8) |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
1.3.2 Encapsulated Bubble |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
1.3.3 Phase-Shift Nanodroplet |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
1.3.4 Other Micro-/Nanoscale Particles |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
1.4 Tensile and Energetic Cavitation |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
1.5 Cavitation Bubble Dynamics |
|
|
19 | (23) |
|
1.5.1 Free Gas Bubble Dynamics in a Free Field |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
1.5.2 Encapsulated Bubble Dynamics in a Free Field |
|
|
21 | (3) |
|
1.5.3 Bubble Dynamics Near an Interface |
|
|
24 | (5) |
|
1.5.4 Bubble Dynamics in Constrained Vessel |
|
|
29 | (6) |
|
1.5.5 Bubble Dynamics in Soft Tissue |
|
|
35 | (7) |
|
|
42 | (5) |
|
|
43 | (4) |
|
|
47 | (104) |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
2.2 Cavitation Mapping by High-Speed Photography |
|
|
49 | (9) |
|
2.2.1 Single-Bubble Cavitation |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
2.2.2 Multiple-Bubble Cavitation |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
2.2.3 Cavitation in Microvessel |
|
|
55 | (3) |
|
2.3 Cavitation Mapping by Sonoluminescence and Sonochemiluminescence |
|
|
58 | (88) |
|
2.3.1 Mechanisms of SL and SCL |
|
|
59 | (6) |
|
|
65 | (81) |
|
3.10 Considering Vapor Condensation for PNE-S/PNE-DS |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
3.10.1 A Corrected Approach on the Wide-Beam ACD Method |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
3.10.2 The Effect of Vapor Condensation in the Bubble Size Estimation |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
4 Cavitation-Enhanced Thermal Effects and Applications |
|
|
151 | (56) |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
4.2 Principles of Cavitation-Enhanced Thermal Effects |
|
|
153 | (6) |
|
4.2.1 Heating Due to Primary Absorption of an Ultrasound Field |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Viscous Damping of Cavitation Bubble |
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
4.2.3 Acoustic Energy Radiation from a Cavitation Bubble |
|
|
155 | (3) |
|
4.2.4 Increased Local Acoustic Absorption by Cavitation Bubble |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
4.2.5 Bioheat Transfer Equation |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
4.3 Simultaneously Measuring Cavitation Activity and Temperature Rise |
|
|
159 | (5) |
|
4.3.1 Cavitation and Temperature Rise in Phantoms |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
4.3.2 Cavitation and Temperature Rise in Tissues |
|
|
161 | (3) |
|
4.4 High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation |
|
|
164 | (15) |
|
4.4.1 In Vitro Methods of Evaluating Cavitation-Enhanced Thermal Effects |
|
|
165 | (6) |
|
4.4.2 In Vivo Applications of Cavitation-Enhanced Thermal Effects |
|
|
171 | (6) |
|
4.4.3 Preclinical Evaluation of Cavitation-Enhanced Thermal Effects |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
4.5 Thermal Effects of Flowing Microbubbles |
|
|
179 | (12) |
|
4.5.1 Effects of Blood Flow on Heating |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
4.5.2 Cavitation-Enhanced Heating by Flowing Microbubbles |
|
|
181 | (10) |
|
4.6 Enhancing Acoustic Cavitation with Multi-frequency Ultrasound |
|
|
191 | (5) |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
4.8 Microscale Cavitation Heating and Nanoscale Thermometry |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
199 | (8) |
|
|
200 | (7) |
|
5 Cavitation-Enhanced Mechanical Effects and Applications |
|
|
207 | (58) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
5.2 Acoustic Microstreaming and Stress Field Created by Oscillating Bubble |
|
|
208 | (14) |
|
5.2.1 Theoretical Calculation of Cavitation Microstreaming |
|
|
209 | (5) |
|
5.2.2 Experimental Observation of Cavitation Microstreaming |
|
|
214 | (5) |
|
5.2.3 Shear Stress Induced by Microstreaming |
|
|
219 | (3) |
|
5.3 Jet Formation and Shock Wave Emission During Ultrasound-Induced Bubble Collapse |
|
|
222 | (15) |
|
5.3.1 High-Speed Observation of Liquid Jets and Shock Wave Emission |
|
|
222 | (12) |
|
5.3.2 Theoretical Modeling of Bubble Dynamics |
|
|
234 | (3) |
|
|
237 | (21) |
|
|
237 | (5) |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
|
245 | (4) |
|
5.4.4 Vascular Applications |
|
|
249 | (4) |
|
5.4.5 Ultrasound-Enhanced Delivery of Drugs and Genetic Materials |
|
|
253 | (5) |
|
|
258 | (7) |
|
|
259 | (6) |
|
6 Cavitation Control and Applications |
|
|
265 | (66) |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
6.2 Effect of Temperature on Cavitation |
|
|
267 | (11) |
|
6.2.1 Effect of the Liquid Temperature |
|
|
267 | (4) |
|
6.2.2 Temperature Dependence of PSNE-Induced Cavitation |
|
|
271 | (7) |
|
6.3 Effect of Pressure on Cavitation |
|
|
278 | (8) |
|
6.3.1 Effect of Static Pressure |
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
6.3.2 Effect of Overpressure on Cavitation Suppression |
|
|
280 | (6) |
|
6.4 Effect of Frequency on Cavitation |
|
|
286 | (4) |
|
6.4.1 Frequency Dependence of Ultrasonic Cavitation |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
6.4.2 Enhancement of Cavitation by Multiple Frequencies |
|
|
287 | (3) |
|
6.5 Radiation Force-Constrained Cavitation |
|
|
290 | (5) |
|
6.6 Cavitation-Controlled Tissue Histotripsy |
|
|
295 | (15) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
6.6.2 Effect of Pulse Length |
|
|
296 | (10) |
|
6.6.3 Effect of Duty Cycle |
|
|
306 | (3) |
|
6.6.4 Histotripsy Monitoring by Imaging Feedback |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
6.7 Cavitation Dosage Control During Ablation |
|
|
310 | (9) |
|
6.7.1 Effect of Cavitation on Ablation Process |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
6.7.2 Methods for Controlling Cavitation During Ablation |
|
|
310 | (9) |
|
6.8 Drug Delivery Controlled by Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound |
|
|
319 | (7) |
|
6.8.1 Composite Sequence and Focal Pattern of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
6.8.2 Spatially Controlled Microbubble Destruction |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
6.8.3 Temporally Controlled Microbubble Destruction |
|
|
323 | (3) |
|
|
326 | (5) |
|
|
327 | (4) |
|
7 Cavitation Imaging in Tissues |
|
|
331 | (70) |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
7.2 Active Cavitation Imaging |
|
|
333 | (14) |
|
7.2.1 Conventional ACI and Differential Imaging Methods |
|
|
333 | (4) |
|
|
337 | (6) |
|
7.2.3 Typical UACI Results for HIFU Therapy |
|
|
343 | (4) |
|
7.3 Second-Harmonic and Subharmonic Cavitation Imaging |
|
|
347 | (5) |
|
7.4 Cavitation Imaging with the Bubble Wavelet Transform Technique |
|
|
352 | (6) |
|
7.4.1 CBWT Imaging Method |
|
|
353 | (4) |
|
7.4.2 CBWT Imaging Method with the Pulse Inversion |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
7.5 Bubble Doppler Technique for Cavitation Imaging |
|
|
358 | (3) |
|
7.6 Passive Cavitation Imaging |
|
|
361 | (9) |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
7.6.3 Techniques for Improving the Resolution of PCI |
|
|
365 | (5) |
|
7.7 Cavitation Imaging Based on Super-Resolution Reconstruction |
|
|
370 | (6) |
|
7.7.1 Principles of Super-Resolution Reconstruction |
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
7.7.2 POCS Reconstruction Approach |
|
|
372 | (4) |
|
7.8 3D Cavitation Imaging |
|
|
376 | (15) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
7.8.2 3D Ultrafast Cavitation Imaging Based on Adaptive Beamforming |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
7.8.3 Compressed Sensing and Sparse Modeling Method |
|
|
379 | (5) |
|
7.8.4 Sparse Array Design |
|
|
384 | (7) |
|
7.9 Magnetic Resonance Cavitation Imaging |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
|
393 | (8) |
|
|
395 | (6) |
|
8 Laser-Induced Cavitation and Photoacoustic Cavitation |
|
|
401 | (56) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
8.2 Laser-Induced Cavitation |
|
|
402 | (29) |
|
|
402 | (3) |
|
|
405 | (8) |
|
|
413 | (6) |
|
8.2.4 Lie in a Phase-Shift Liquid |
|
|
419 | (4) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
8.2.7 Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Generated Photothermal Bubbles |
|
|
425 | (6) |
|
8.3 Photoacoustic Cavitation |
|
|
431 | (21) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
432 | (6) |
|
8.3.3 Experimental System |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
8.3.5 PAC in a Phase-Shift Liquid |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
8.3.6 PAC of Nanodroplets |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
8.3.7 PAC with Nanoparticles |
|
|
444 | (8) |
|
|
452 | (5) |
|
|
452 | (5) |
|
9 Cavitation Mechanobiology and Applications |
|
|
457 | |
|
|
457 | (10) |
|
9.1.1 Bioeffects of Ultrasound and Cavitation |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
9.1.2 Cavitation Mechanobiology |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
9.1.3 Physical Mechanisms |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
9.1.4 Chemical Mechanisms |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (3) |
|
9.2 Mechanical Effects of Cavitation on Tissues |
|
|
467 | (8) |
|
9.2.1 Thrombolysis and Thrombolytic Therapy |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
9.2.2 Cavitation-Mediated Macromolecule Delivery |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (3) |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
9.2.5 BBB and Neurodegenerative Disorder Therapy |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
9.2.6 Ultrasound Tissue Erosion and Histotripsy |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (16) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
|
478 | (4) |
|
9.3.4 Subcellular Effects |
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
9.3.5 Molecular Mechanisms |
|
|
485 | (4) |
|
9.3.6 Sonodynamic Therapy |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
9.4 Effects of Cavitation on Macromolecules and Small Molecules |
|
|
491 | (3) |
|
9.4.1 Effects of Cavitation on Small Molecules |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
9.4.2 Effects of Cavitation on Macromolecules |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
494 | |
|
|
495 | |