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E-raamat: Cellular Communications: A Comprehensive and Practical Guide

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(Bradley Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech), (Award Solutions, Inc.)
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Cellular Communications: A Comprehensive and Practical GuideSuurem pilt
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Tripathi and Reed present professors and students with a practical investigation of the foundations of modern cellular technologies. The text includes exercises and activities, fundamental concepts of cellular communications and practical developments, and professionally developed artistic representations of figures to enhance the learning experience. The text is organized in three parts, devoted to the fundamental concepts of cellular communications, 2G, 2.5G and 3G cellular technologies, and IP multimedia subsystems and 4G cellular technologies. Tripathi is an industry professional. Reed is a faculty member of Virginia Tech University. Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Even as newer cellular technologies and standards emerge, many of the fundamental principles and the components of the cellular network remain the same. Presenting a simple yet comprehensive view of cellular communications technologies, Cellular Communications provides an end-to-end perspective of cellular operations, ranging from physical layer details to call set-up and from the radio network to the core network. This self-contained source for
practitioners and students represents a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals of cellular communications and the landscape of commercially deployed 2G and 3G technologies and provides a glimpse of emerging 4G technologies.

Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxix
PART I FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS
1 Introduction to Cellular Communications
3(52)
1.1 Motivation for Cellular Communications
4(1)
1.2 The History of Wireless Communications and the Birth of a Cellular System
4(7)
1.2.1 Once Upon a Time... A Really Brief History of Communications
5(1)
1.2.2 Frequency Spectrum Allocation
5(3)
1.2.3 Pre-Cellular Mobile Telephone Systems
8(1)
1.2.4 The Advent of Cellular Systems
9(2)
1.3 Concepts of a Cellular System
11(11)
1.3.1 Network Architecture
11(1)
1.3.2 Air Interface
12(1)
1.3.3 Frequency Reuse
13(7)
1.3.4 Sectorization and Its Impact on Quality and Capacity
20(2)
1.4 Concepts of Duplexing and Multiple Access
22(4)
1.4.1 Duplexing Methods
22(2)
1.4.2 Multiple Access Methods
24(2)
1.5 Types of Interference
26(2)
1.5.1 Adjacent Channel Interference
26(1)
1.5.2 Co-Channel Interference
27(1)
1.6 Evolution of Cellular Standards
28(6)
1.6.1 Evolutionary Path of Cellular Standards
28(4)
1.6.2 Spectrum Allocation in the United States
32(2)
1.6.3 Spectrum Allocation Outside the U.S.
34(1)
1.7 Ecosystem of Cellular Systems
34(8)
1.7.1 Service Providers
35(1)
1.7.2 Mobile Device Manufacturers
36(1)
1.7.3 Radio Network Infrastructure Vendors
37(1)
1.7.4 Baseband Chipset Manufacturers
37(2)
1.7.5 Original Equipment Manufacturers
39(1)
1.7.6 Core Network Vendors
39(1)
1.7.7 Design, Optimization, and Testing Tool Manufacturers
40(1)
1.7.8 Appplication Providers
40(2)
1.8 Phases of a Cellular System
42(3)
1.8.1 Phase 1: Specifications of the Standard
42(1)
1.8.2 Phase 2: Prototype Design and Lab Tests
43(1)
1.8.3 Phase 3: Field Trials
43(1)
1.8.4 Phase 4: Commercial Deployments
44(1)
1.8.5 Phase 5: Optimization
44(1)
1.9 Performance of Cellular Systems
45(5)
1.9.1 Sector Capacity and Call Blocking Probability
45(2)
1.9.2 Accessibility, Access Failure Rate, and Paging Failure Rate
47(1)
1.9.3 Retainability and Call-Drop Rate
47(1)
1.9.4 Error Rate and Quality of Service
47(1)
1.9.5 Cell-Edge Reliability and Cell-Area Reliability
48(1)
1.9.6 Peak User Data Rate
49(1)
1.9.7 Average Cell or Sector Throughput and User-Perceived Throughput
49(1)
1.9.8 Latency or Delay
50(1)
1.9.9 Delay Jitter
50(1)
1.10 End-User Services
50(2)
1.11 Points to Remember
52(3)
2 Elements of a Digital Communication System
55(56)
2.1 Overview of a Digital Cellular Communication System
56(1)
2.2 Transceiver Operations in a Digital Cellular System
57(2)
2.3 Information Bits: Construction at the Transmitter and Retrieval at the Receiver
59(11)
2.3.1 Linear Predictive Speech Coding: A Simplistic View
61(1)
2.3.2 Enhanced Variable-Rate Codec
62(4)
2.3.3 Adaptive Multirate Codec
66(4)
2.4 Forward Error Correction Coding and Decoding
70(17)
2.4.1 Convolutional Coding at the Transmitter
72(2)
2.4.2 Example Convolutional Decoding at the Receiver
74(9)
2.4.3 Turbo Coding at the Transmitter
83(2)
2.4.4 Turbo Decoding at the Receiver
85(1)
2.4.5 What Should I Choose: Convolutional or Turbo?
86(1)
2.5 Interleaving and De-Interleaving
87(2)
2.6 Digital Modulation and Demodulation
89(11)
2.6.1 Modulation Schemes
90(6)
2.6.2 Demodulation Approaches
96(3)
2.6.3 Choosing a Modulation Scheme
99(1)
2.7 RF Processor Functions at the Transmitter and the Receiver
100(9)
2.8 Points to Remember
109(2)
3 Radio Frequency Propagation
111(44)
3.1 Radio Frequency Waves
111(2)
3.2 Free-Space Propagation
113(3)
3.3 Cellular Propagation Mechanisms
116(5)
3.3.1 Reflection
116(1)
3.3.2 Diffraction
117(2)
3.3.3 Scattering
119(1)
3.3.4 Absorption and Penetration
120(1)
3.4 Prediction of Received Signal Strength
121(32)
3.4.1 Distance-Based Path Loss
124(4)
3.4.2 Large-Scale Fading
128(3)
3.4.3 Small-Scale Fading
131(22)
3.5 Points to Remember
153(2)
4 IP and Associated Technologies for a Cellular System
155(84)
4.1 Why Internet Protocol? (Or, Perhaps, Why Not Internet Protocol?)
156(3)
4.2 Protocol Stack for the Internet
159(34)
4.2.1 Overview of the Transport Layer (Layer 4) Protocols
160(13)
4.2.2 Overview of the Internetwork Layer (Layer 3) Protocols
173(11)
4.2.3 Overview of the Link Layer (Layer 2) Protocols
184(9)
4.3 Routing and Forwarding of IP Packets
193(7)
4.4 Transport of Information within the Network Infrastructure
200(4)
4.5 Voice-Over-IP-Related Protocols
204(9)
4.5.1 Session Initiation Protocol
206(3)
4.5.2 Session Description Protocol
209(2)
4.5.3 Real-Time Transport Protocol and Real-Time Transport Control Protocol
211(2)
4.6 A Potpourri of IP-Centric Protocols
213(19)
4.6.1 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
213(1)
4.6.2 Mobile IP
214(6)
4.6.3 Domain Name System
220(2)
4.6.4 RADIUS and Diameter
222(2)
4.6.5 IP Quality-of-Service Implementation: Integrated Services and Differentiated Services
224(4)
4.6.6 IP Tunneling, GTP, and GRE
228(3)
4.6.7 IPsec
231(1)
4.6.8 Robust Header Compression
231(1)
4.7 Essence of IPv6
232(3)
4.8 Points to Remember
235(4)
PART II 2G, 2.5G, AND 3G CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES 5 Overview of GSM
239(584)
5.1 Introduction
240(2)
5.1.1 The Origin of GSM and GSM Milestones in Two Minutes
240(1)
5.1.2 Highlights of a GSM System
241(1)
5.2 GSM System Architecture
242(7)
5.2.1 Base Station System
244(3)
5.2.2 Core Network
247(2)
5.3 Air-Interface Protocol Stack between MS and BSS
249(10)
5.3.1 High-Level View of MS-BSS Communications
249(2)
5.3.2 Air-Interface Protocol Stack: A Brief Overview
251(8)
5.4 Radio Interface: Frame Structure and Channels
259(10)
5.4.1 Frequency and Time Structures
259(4)
5.4.2 Air-Interface Channels
263(4)
5.4.3 Bursts: An Inside Look
267(2)
5.5 Network Acquisition
269(10)
5.5.1 Beyond Radio Network Acquisition: MS-Core-Network Communications
272(7)
5.6 Voice Call Setup
279(3)
5.6.1 MS-Originated Call Setup
279(2)
5.6.2 MS-Terminated Call Setup and Paging Procedure
281(1)
5.7 Mobility Management in Idle Mode
282(1)
5.8 Mobility Management in Active or Connected Mode
283(11)
5.8.1 What are the Channel Conditions?
284(3)
5.8.2 Making a Handover Decision: Who is in Charge Around Here?
287(6)
5.8.3 Follow the Leader: Handover Completion
293(1)
5.9 Power Control
294(4)
5.9.1 A Detailed Look at Power Control
295(2)
5.9.2 Further Reduction in the Transmit Power Consumption: DTX
297(1)
5.10 Deployment Considerations
298(4)
5.11 Evolution of GSM
302(1)
5.12 Points to Remember
302(3)
6 GPRS and EDGE
305(58)
6.1 Introduction
306(4)
6.1.1 The Motivation for GPRS
306(2)
6.1.2 The Motivation for EDGE
308(1)
6.1.3 GPRS in Two Minutes
308(1)
6.1.4 EDGE in Two Minutes
309(1)
6.2 System Architecture
310(14)
6.2.1 Packet-Domain Core Network Architecture: An Overview
310(2)
6.2.2 A Detailed View of the Components of the Packet-Domain Core Network
312(9)
6.2.3 Interfaces of the Packet-Domain Core Network
321(2)
6.2.4 End-to-End View of the Data Transfer
323(1)
6.3 MS-BSS Air-Interface Communications
324(18)
6.3.1 Physical Layer of GPRS and EDGE
325(9)
6.3.2 RLC/MAC Layer and Its Functions
334(8)
6.4 Radio Interface: Frame Structure and Channels
342(6)
6.4.1 Review of Timing Structures
342(2)
6.4.2 New Logical Channels in GPRS and EDGE
344(2)
6.4.3 Association of Logical and Physical Channels
346(2)
6.5 Network Acquisition
348(5)
6.5.1 Cell Search and Synchronization: A Brief Review
348(1)
6.5.2 The MS's GPRS Attach Procedure: Making the First Contact with the Core Network
349(2)
6.5.3 Getting Ready for Packet Data Transfer: PDP Context Activation
351(2)
6.6 Packet Transfer in GPRS and EDGE
353(5)
6.6.1 MS-Originated Packet Transfer
353(2)
6.6.2 MS-Terminated Packet Transfer
355(1)
6.6.3 Management of Circuit-Switched and GPRS Paging
356(2)
6.7 Mobility Management
358(3)
6.7.1 Routing Area Update: STANDBY State Mobility Management
358(1)
6.7.2 Mobility Management in READY State
359(2)
6.8 Deployment Considerations and Network Evolution
361(1)
6.9 Points to Remember
362(1)
7 Fundamentals of CDMA, WCDMA, and IS-95
363(60)
7.1 A Brief Introduction to CDMA, WCDMA, and IS-95
364(2)
7.2 CDMA or WCDMA: An Efficient Resource-Sharing Technique
366(3)
7.3 Characteristics of CDMA
369(21)
7.3.1 Wideband Transmission
369(1)
7.3.2 Frequency Reuse and Impact of Sectorization
370(1)
7.3.3 Interference and its Control in CDMA
371(4)
7.3.4 Handoff
375(6)
7.3.5 Power Control
381(7)
7.3.6 Capacity of a CDMA System
388(2)
7.4 IS-95 System Architecture
390(1)
7.5 IS-95 MS--Radio-Network Communications: An Overview
391(14)
7.5.1 Duplexing: Simultaneous Downlink and Uplink Transmissions
392(1)
7.5.2 IS-95 Protocol Stack Overview
392(2)
7.5.3 Downlink and Uplink Radio Channels of IS-95
394(5)
7.5.4 Physical Layer (Layer 1) Processing
399(4)
7.5.5 Multiplex Sublayer (Between Layer 1 and Layer 2): An Overview
403(1)
7.5.6 Layer 2 Versus Layer 3
404(1)
7.6 IS-95 Call Setup
405(2)
7.7 IS-95 Mobility Management
407(7)
7.7.1 Power-On Network Acquisition---One-Way Traffic!
407(1)
7.7.2 MS to Network: "Here I Am"---Registration and Other Idle Mode Activities
408(3)
7.7.3 Handoff in Connected or Traffic Mode---Now We Are Getting Really Busy!
411(3)
7.8 IS-95 Power Control
414(4)
7.8.1 Uplink Power Control
415(1)
7.8.2 Downlink Power Control
416(2)
7.9 IS-95: Deployment, Evolution, and Enhancements
418(2)
7.10 Points to Remember
420(3)
8 CDMA2000 1X
423(64)
8.1 A Brief Overview of CDMA2000
424(2)
8.2 CDMA2000 1x Network Architecture
426(5)
8.2.1 Overview of the Network Architecture
426(3)
8.2.2 A Detailed View of the Packet-Switched Core Network
429(2)
8.3 MS-Radio-Access-Network Communications
431(23)
8.3.1 Overview of Air-Interface Protocol Stack
431(2)
8.3.2 Radio Channels and Radio Configurations of 1x
433(8)
8.3.3 Overview of Physical Layer (Layer 1) Processing
441(4)
8.3.4 Overview of Link Layer (Layer 2) Processing
445(9)
8.3.5 A Brief Overview of Upper-Layer Processing
454(1)
8.4 1x Call Setup
454(8)
8.4.1 Voice Call Setup in 1x: An Overview
455(1)
8.4.2 Voice Call Setup in 1x: A Closer Look
456(3)
8.4.3 How About Data Call Setup in 1x?
459(1)
8.4.4 What About MS-Terminated Call Setup?
460(2)
8.5 Over-the-Air Transmission of Traffic for Forward and Reverse Links
462(6)
8.5.1 Forward Link Packet Data Transmission
462(5)
8.5.2 Reverse Link Packet Data Transmission
467(1)
8.6 Mobility Management
468(13)
8.6.1 Registration and Authentication
469(3)
8.6.2 Using the Access Channel
472(5)
8.6.3 Handoff in Connected Mode: 1x Enhancements
477(4)
8.7 1x Power Control
481(3)
8.7.1 Reverse Link Power Control for the Reverse Fundamental Channel
481(1)
8.7.2 Forward Link Power Control for the Forward Fundamental Channel
482(2)
8.8 1x Deployment and Evolution
484(1)
8.9 Points to Remember
485(2)
9 Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Release 99
487(98)
9.1 Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Release 99: Executive Summary
488(1)
9.2 UMTS Network Architecture
489(6)
9.2.1 Radio Network Subsystem
491(2)
9.2.2 Protocol Stacks: From User Equipment to the Edge of the Network
493(2)
9.3 Radio Interface Protocol Stack between UE and UTRAN
495(20)
9.3.1 Radio Interface Protocol Stack: A Brief Overview
495(4)
9.3.2 Physical Layer
499(4)
9.3.3 Medium Access Control Sublayer
503(1)
9.3.4 Radio Link Control Sublayer
504(6)
9.3.5 Packet Data Convergence Protocol Sublayer
510(1)
9.3.6 Broadcast-Multicast Control Sublayer
511(1)
9.3.7 Radio Resource Control Layer
512(3)
9.4 Radio Interface Between the UE and the UTRAN
515(24)
9.4.1 Overview of Frame Structure and Radio Channels
515(4)
9.4.2 Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Codes
519(4)
9.4.3 Primary Synchronization Channel
523(1)
9.4.4 Secondary Synchronization Channel
523(1)
9.4.5 Primary Common Pilot Channel
524(1)
9.4.6 Primary Common Control Physical Channel
525(1)
9.4.7 Page Indicator Channel
526(1)
9.4.8 Secondary---Common Control Physical Channel
527(1)
9.4.9 Physical Random Access Channel
528(5)
9.4.10 Acquisition Indicator Channel
533(1)
9.4.11 Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel and Dedicated Physical Control Channel
534(1)
9.4.12 Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel and Dedicated Physical Control Channel
535(1)
9.4.13 Combining of the Downlink Channels in a Cell
536(3)
9.4.14 Transmission of Uplink Channels by User Equipment
539(1)
9.5 Cell Search and Synchronization
539(5)
9.5.1 Overview of Power-Up Synchronization and Cell Search
539(1)
9.5.2 Power-Up Synchronization and Cell Search: A Closer Look
540(2)
9.5.3 Beyond Synchronization: User Equipment and Core Network Communications
542(2)
9.6 Voice Call Setup
544(9)
9.6.1 Overview of Voice Call Setup and Teardown
544(1)
9.6.2 Detailed Voice Call Setup
545(8)
9.7 Data Call Setup
553(4)
9.7.1 Overview of the Data Session Setup
553(1)
9.7.2 Detailed Data Session Setup
554(3)
9.8 Mobility Management
557(16)
9.8.1 Idle Mode Mobility: An Overview
558(1)
9.8.2 Connected Mode Mobility: An Overview of Basic Concepts
559(3)
9.8.3 Stages of Intra-Frequency Handover: A Closer Look
562(6)
9.8.4 Intra-UMTS Inter-Frequency and Inter-RAT Handover
568(1)
9.8.5 Compressed Mode
569(4)
9.9 Power Control
573(7)
9.9.1 Uplink Closed-Loop Power Control
574(5)
9.9.2 Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control
579(1)
9.10 Quality-of-Service in the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
580(1)
9.11 Evolution of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
581(2)
9.12 Points to Remember
583(2)
10 1xEvolution-Data-Optimized Revision 0
585(66)
10.1 1xEV-DO: Executive Summary
586(1)
10.2 Overview of Call Setup and Data Transmission
587(3)
10.3 Network Architecture
590(1)
10.4 1xEV-DO Protocol Stack: An Overview
591(2)
10.5 Introduction to Radio Channels and Timing Structure
593(3)
10.6 A Closer Look at Forward Link Radio Channels
596(16)
10.6.1 Pilot Channel
597(1)
10.6.2 Medium Access Control Channel
597(3)
10.6.3 Control Channel
600(4)
10.6.4 Forward Traffic Channel
604(6)
10.6.5 Combining the Forward Link Channels
610(2)
10.7 A Closer Look at Reverse Link Channels
612(11)
10.7.1 Access Channel
612(3)
10.7.2 Pilot Channel and Data Channel
615(2)
10.7.3 Data Rate Control Channel
617(2)
10.7.4 Acknowledgment Channel
619(2)
10.7.5 Combining of the Reverse Link Channels
621(2)
10.8 Call Setup: A Closer Look
623(7)
10.8.1 Session Setup
624(4)
10.8.2 Point-to-Point Protocol Setup
628(1)
10.8.3 Mobile Internet Protocol Setup
628(2)
10.9 Forward Link Data Transmission: A Detailed View
630(3)
10.10 Reverse Link Data Transmission: A Detailed View
633(7)
10.10.1 Stage 1: Configuration of the Access Terminal with Reverse Link Parameters
633(2)
10.10.2 Stage 2: Fast Indications of Reverse Link Interference
635(1)
10.10.3 Stage 3: Execution of the Reverse Link Data Determination Algorithm
635(3)
10.10.4 Stage 4: The Access Terminal's Data Transmission
638(2)
10.11 Mobility Management in 1xEV-DO
640(2)
10.12 A Glimpse of 1xEV-DO Optimization
642(3)
10.12.1 RF Optimization
643(1)
10.12.2 Parameter and Configuration Optimization
644(1)
10.13 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO Interworking
645(1)
10.14 1xEV-DO Link Budget
646(3)
10.15 Points to Remember
649(2)
11 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
651(48)
11.1 Overview of Third Generation Partnership Project Release 5
652(1)
11.2 A Bird's-Eye View of High-Speed Downlink Packet Access Data Transmission
653(2)
11.3 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access Channels and Their Use: A Deep Dive
655(16)
11.3.1 High-Speed--Physical Downlink Shared Channel
655(4)
11.3.2 High-Speed--Shared Control Channel
659(8)
11.3.3 High-Speed--Dedicated Physical Control Channel
667(4)
11.4 Data Transmission Process
671(10)
11.4.1 Step 1: Reporting of Channel Conditions
671(1)
11.4.2 Step 2: Scheduling of Users and User Packets
672(5)
11.4.3 Step 3: Packet Transmission from the Node B and Packet Reception at UEs
677(3)
11.4.4 Step 4: UE Response to a Received Packet
680(1)
11.5 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access Call Setup
681(2)
11.6 Resource Management of the High-Speed Downlink Packet Access Channels
683(2)
11.7 Mobility Management in High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
685(4)
11.8 Network and UE Architecture
689(8)
11.8.1 Radio Interface Protocol Stack Changes from Release 99 to Release 5
689(2)
11.8.2 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access UE Categories
691(1)
11.8.3 Interaction Between the Node B and the RNC for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
691(4)
11.8.4 Construction of a Packet at the Node B
695(2)
11.9 Points to Remember
697(2)
12 1x Evolution-Data-Optimized Revision A
699(70)
12.1 Introduction
700(2)
12.2 Overview of Rev. A Enhancements
702(3)
12.3 Characteristics of Physical Layer Subtypes
705(2)
12.3.1 Overview of Physical Layer Subtypes
705(1)
12.3.2 Reverse Link Frame Structure of Subtype 2 Physical Layer
706(1)
12.4 Rev. A Forward Link Channels
707(11)
12.4.1 Overview of FL Channels
707(8)
12.4.2 ARQ Channel: A New Forward Link Channel in Rev. A
715(3)
12.5 Overview of Rev. A Reverse Link Channels
718(6)
12.5.1 Access Channel and RRI Channel Enhancements in Rev. A
721(2)
12.5.2 Auxiliary Pilot Channel and DSC Channel: New Rev. A Channels
723(1)
12.6 Rev. A Enhancement for Call Setup and Session Setup
724(4)
12.6.1 Session Configuration and Multiple Personalities
725(3)
12.6.2 Generic Attribute Update Protocol
728(1)
12.6.3 Multimode Capability Discovery Protocol
728(1)
12.7 Rev. A Forward Link Data Transmission: A Detailed View
728(12)
12.7.1 Overview of Enhancements in Forward Link Transmission
728(3)
12.7.2 DRC Enhancements
731(3)
12.7.3 Multi-User Packets
734(3)
12.7.4 MACIndex Enhancements
737(2)
12.7.5 The AT's Detection of the FL Packet
739(1)
12.7.6 Forward Link H-ARQ
739(1)
12.8 Overview of Rev. A Reverse Link Data Rate Control
740(2)
12.9 Reverse Link Interference Control via T2P
742(3)
12.9.1 Motivation for T2P-Based Rate Control
743(1)
12.9.2 What Is T2P, Anyway?
744(1)
12.10 Subtype 2 RTC MAC Protocol Data Rate Control
745(11)
12.10.1 Terminology for Subtype 2 and 3 RTC MAC Protocol
745(5)
12.10.2 Overview of RL Data Transmission
750(1)
12.10.3 A Comprehensive View of RL Data Transmission
751(5)
12.11 Subtype 3 RTC MAC Protocol Data Rate Control
756(5)
12.11.1 Overview of RL Data Transmission
756(2)
12.11.2 Detailed View of RL Data Transmission
758(3)
12.12 Rev. A QoS Control
761(3)
12.12.1 Air-Interface QoS
762(1)
12.12.2 Network QoS Control on R-P Interface
763(1)
12.13 Handoff within 1xEV-DO
764(2)
12.14 Idle State Enhancements and Signaling Enhancements
766(1)
12.15 1xEV-DO Rev. A Interworking: Rev. 0, Rev. A, and CDMA2000 1x
767(1)
12.16 Points to Remember
767(2)
13 High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
769(54)
13.1 Introduction to HSUPA: An Executive Summary
770(1)
13.2 Basics of Data Transmission: A Brief Overview
771(6)
13.2.1 Simplified HSUPA Call Setup
772(1)
13.2.2 Some Terminology
773(1)
13.2.3 Major Stages of Uplink Data Transmission: An Overview
774(3)
13.3 HSUPA Channels
777(13)
13.3.1 The E-DCH and E-DPDCHs (Uplink)
777(7)
13.3.2 The E-DPCCH (Uplink)
784(1)
13.3.3 The E-AGCH (Downlink)
785(2)
13.3.4 The E-RGCH (Downlink)
787(1)
13.3.5 The E-HICH (Downlink)
788(1)
13.3.6 A-Really Close Look at Timing Relationships Among HSUPA Channels
789(1)
13.4 Prior to Data Transmission
790(3)
13.5 Steps of Uplink Data Transmission
793(18)
13.5.1 Scheduling Requests from the UE to the Node Bs
794(1)
13.5.2 The Node B's Determination of Grants
794(4)
13.5.3 Determination of the Serving Grant
798(2)
13.5.4 E-DCH Transmission
800(11)
13.5.5 Node B's Packet Decoding and HARQ Transmission
811(1)
13.6 Physical Layer Retransmissions and HARQ
811(3)
13.7 Support for User Mobility
814(1)
13.8 System Architecture
815(3)
13.8.1 Enhancements to the Existing Architecture
815(2)
13.8.2 Interaction Between the Node B and the RNC for the Management of HSUPA Channels and Resources
817(1)
13.8.3 HSUPA UE Categories
818(1)
13.9 Points to Remember
818(5)
PART III IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM AND 4G CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES
14 IP Multimedia Subsystem
823(44)
14.1 Introduction to IMS: What and Why?
823(4)
14.2 IMS, IP Convergence, and Fixed Mobile Convergence
827(1)
14.3 History of IMS
828(3)
14.4 IMS Architecture
831(10)
14.4.1 High-Level View of the IMS Architecture
831(4)
14.4.2 IMS Architecture: A Closer Look
835(6)
14.5 IMS Communication Protocols for Signaling and Media Transport
841(7)
14.5.1 Using SIP in IMS
842(3)
14.5.2 H.248 in IMS
845(3)
14.6 Identifying the IMS Subscriber and the IMS Elements
848(4)
14.7 IMS Session Setup Scenarios
852(8)
14.7.1 IMS Device to PSTN Call Setup: A Closer Look
852(4)
14.7.2 PSTN-Originated and IMS Device-Terminated VoIP Call Setup: An Overview
856(2)
14.7.3 Multimedia Session Setup for IMS Endpoints: A Brief Overview
858(2)
14.8 IMS Services and Applications
860(2)
14.9 Implementation of Quality-of-Service using IMS
862(2)
14.10 Points to Remember
864(3)
15 Fourth-Generation Technologies
867(56)
15.1 Why 4G Technologies?
867(2)
15.2 Essential Elements of 4G Technologies
869(2)
15.3 Fundamentals of OFDM and OFDMA
871(17)
15.3.1 OFDM and OFDMA: Why and Why Now?
871(1)
15.3.2 OFDM: A High-Level View
872(2)
15.3.3 Construction of Orthogonal Subcarriers
874(4)
15.3.4 OFDM Challenges and Solutions
878(6)
15.3.5 Simplified OFDMA Transceiver
884(4)
15.4 Multiple Antenna Techniques
888(9)
15.4.1 Diversity Techniques: Some Simple and Some Sophisticated!
888(4)
15.4.2 Spatial Multiplexing
892(1)
15.4.3 Beamforming
893(2)
15.4.4 Space-Division Multiple Access
895(2)
15.5 WiMAX Overview
897(11)
15.5.1 Salient Features of WiMAX
897(3)
15.5.2 WiMAX Network Architecture
900(2)
15.5.3 WiMAX Air Interface
902(1)
15.5.4 WiMAX Operations
903(5)
15.6 Overview of LTE
908(13)
15.6.1 Salient Features of LTE
909(2)
15.6.2 LTE Network Architecture
911(3)
15.6.3 LTE Air Interface
914(1)
15.6.4 LTE Operations
915(4)
15.6.5 A Brief Overview of LTE-Advanced
919(2)
15.7 4G Technology Challenges
921(1)
15.8 Points to Remember
922(1)
Appendix A A Brief Overview of Signaling System 7
923(6)
Appendix B Erlang-B Table
929(2)
Appendix C A High-Level Comparison of Third-Generation Technologies
931(12)
Appendix D HSPA+ Overview
943(12)
D.1 Summary of HSPA+ Features
943(4)
D.2 Data Transmission in HSPA+: A Closer Look
947(5)
D.3 HSPA+: Beyond Release 7
952(3)
References 955(22)
Glossary 977(14)
Index 991
Nishith D. Tripathi is a senior consultant at Award Solutions, Inc., a provider of technical consulting and specialized technical training for wireless communications. Dr. Tripathi has held several strategic positions in the wireless arena, for Nortel Networks and Huawei Technologies. In 2001, he co-authored a book on Radio Resource Management, and he is the author of nine patent submissions and numerous research papers. His job functions at Award Solutions put him at the forefront of emerging technologies, enabling him to author/develop new technical training material for various technologies.

Jeffrey H. Reed is the Willis G. Worcester Professor in the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Tech. From June 2000 to June 2002, Dr. Reed served as Director of the Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group (MPRG). He currently serves as Director of the newly formed umbrella wireless organization Wireless @ Virginia Tech, one of the largest and most comprehensive university wireless research groups in the U.S. Dr. Reed received the College of Engineering Award for Excellence in Research in 2001. Dr. Reed has served on several company advisory boards, including Samsung Electronics. He is cofounder of CRT Wireless, a company that is developing cognitive radio techniques for commercial and military wireless systems. He is a Fellow of the IEEE for contributions to software radio and communications signal processing and for leadership in engineering education.
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