This book proposes the use of coffee bagasse ash (CBA) waste as raw material to be used in ceramic formulations. The approach presented here is a solution to a current ambiental problem as CBA waste is discharged in high amounts in agriculture. The authors analyze the potencial of CBA as a material to substitute feldspar in tile production.
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (14) |
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2.1 Ceramic Processing of Porcelain Tiles |
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5 | (9) |
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5 | (1) |
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2.1.8 Dosage and Grinding |
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14 | (3) |
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17 | (6) |
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3.1 Definition and Classification of Solid Residues |
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18 | (1) |
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3.2 Overview of Current Brazilian Legislation |
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18 | (1) |
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3.3 Use of Residues in the Ceramic Industry |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (2) |
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4 Coffee Industry in Brazil |
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23 | (8) |
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4.1 Coffee Processing and Refining |
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25 | (2) |
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4.2 Waste from Coffee Production |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (1) |
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5 Using CBA in Ceramic Formulations |
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31 | (22) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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5.3 Standard Formulation of Supplier Company |
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33 | (1) |
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5.4 Formulations with Residue R1 |
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34 | (1) |
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5.4.1 Formulations with Residue R2 |
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35 | (1) |
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5.5 Formulations with Feldspar |
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35 | (2) |
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5.5.1 Preparation of Ceramic Masses |
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35 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Mixing and Homogenization |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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5.6 Characterization of Raw Materials |
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37 | (2) |
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5.6.1 Chemical Analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) |
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5.7 Mineralogical Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (6) |
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5.9 Particle Size Analysis |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (2) |
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6 Theoretical Analysis of Crystalline Phases |
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53 | (6) |
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58 | (1) |
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7 Physical and Mechanical Properties of CBA Incorporated Material |
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59 | (20) |
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7.1 Dilatometric Analysis |
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59 | (3) |
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7.2 Characterization of Specimens After Firing |
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62 | (15) |
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7.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) |
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62 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Open, Close and Total Porosity |
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63 | (4) |
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67 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Linear Firing Shrinkage |
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69 | (2) |
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7.2.5 Apparent Specific Mass (ASM) and Real Specific Mass (RSM) |
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71 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Bending Rupture Tension (BRT) |
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72 | (3) |
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7.2.7 Vitrification Curve |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (2) |
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8 Mullite and Leucite Formation |
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8.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) |
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Wilson Acchar is a full professor at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. He has experience in Ceramic Materials, working on the following subjects: nanostructured materials, clay-based materials, materials characterization and recycling of materials.
Eduardo Jorge Vidal Dultra coordinates the Civil Engineering Course at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia. His research interests are in the field of concrete and mortar technology, advanced ceramics and solid wastes recycling.
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta