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E-raamat: Changing Arms Control Norms in International Society

(Ritsumeikan University, Japan)
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When states’ survival is at stake, do states behave according to norms, do states refrain from using certain weapons based on norms against their use?

Adachi presents a comprehensive analytical framework for analysing norm dynamics, incorporating the existing literature, while expanding the norm life cycle model to address contestation of, resistance to diffusion of, and disappearance of norms. He also examines the changing nature of international society, and how the evolving characteristics of this society change how norms are shared. His focus is on norms relating to the use and non-use of weapons, with examples of how norms developed in different places and at different times with regard to particular types of weapons. From the banning of gun use in Japan under Bushido, to international bans on chemical weapons and the foundation of norms on nuclear weapons, he looks not only at how such norms come about, but how they can become contested or disappear.

A valuable contribution to the literature on norms in International Relations, this volume will be of particular interest to scholars and students with an interest in the control of arms.

List of figures
vii
Foreword viii
Acknowledgements xi
List of abbreviations
xiii
Introduction 1(3)
1 Norms and societies in international relations
4(27)
Introduction
4(1)
Norms in international relations
4(2)
What does "international society" look like?
6(4)
Influence of norms on states' behavior
10(2)
Beyond the norm life cycle model
12(19)
2 Emergence of norms regarding weapons use
31(29)
Introduction
31(1)
Norms regarding weapons use
31(2)
Chivalry and the norm against poison use in Europe
33(4)
Bushido and the norm against gun use in Japan
37(3)
The advent of "European inter-state society"
40(3)
Emergence of the normative idea against war in European inter-state society
43(2)
"Civilized" war? Adoption of St. Petersburg Declaration
45(15)
3 Development of norms regarding weapons use in "inter-state society"
60(32)
Introduction
60(1)
The standard of "civilization"
60(2)
From European inter-state society to inter-state society
62(4)
Changes in domestic society and their impact on inter-state society
66(4)
Rules for "civilized" war: the Hague Peace Conference
70(4)
Norms regarding weapons use during World War I: projectiles from balloons, dumdum bullets, and poisonous gas
74(4)
Impact of World War I on norms regarding weapons use: chemical weapons and aerial bombing
78(4)
Weapons use during World War II: incendiary weapons, aerial bombing, and chemical weapons
82(10)
4 Universalization of "inter-state society"
92(26)
Introduction
92(1)
Disappearance of the standard of "civilization" and the transformation of inter-state society
92(4)
Construction of normative ideas regarding nuclear weapons
96(4)
Creation of new norms amid a decline in inter-state society's unity: biological weapons, napalm bullets, and the CCW
100(9)
Norms regarding weapons after the Cold War's end: creation of norms on weapons transfer and clarification of chemical weapons ban norm
109(9)
5 Decreasing autonomy of "inter-state society"?
118(40)
Introduction
118(1)
Increasing presence of non-state actors in IR and growing pressure to respect human rights
118(3)
Conclusion of the Mine Ban Treaty
121(7)
Formation of the Convention on Cluster Munitions
128(8)
Viscosity of nuclear non-proliferation norm
136(7)
Advent of a new dark age?
143(15)
6 Future of norms regarding weapons use
158(8)
Introduction
158(1)
Growth of "inter-state society"
158(3)
Inter-state society's decreasing autonomy
161(2)
The future of international politics
163(3)
Index 166
Kenki Adachi is Director of Institute of International Relations and Area Study (IIRAS) and Professor of International Politics at Ritsumeikan University, Japan. His works include Norm Antipreneurs: The Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change (2016, chapter contribution), Norms in International Society: When States Refrain from Using Certain Weapons (2015), and The Ottawa Process: Formation Process of the Landmine Ban Regime (2004) which won 2004 Canadian Prime Minister Award.