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E-raamat: Chemical Methods

Edited by , Edited by (Assistant Professor, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran), Edited by , Edited by (Mahin Schaffie, Professor of chemical and petroleum engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran), Edited by (Professor of Mining a)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Enhanced Oil Recovery Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2021
  • Kirjastus: Gulf Professional Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128219324
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Enhanced Oil Recovery Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2021
  • Kirjastus: Gulf Professional Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128219324

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Chemical Methods, a new release in the Enhanced Oil Recovery series, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in one fast-growing area. Different techniques are described in addition to the latest technologies in data mining and hybrid processes. Beginning with an introduction to chemical concepts and polymer flooding, the book then focuses on more complex content, guiding readers into newer topics involving smart water injection and ionic liquids for EOR. Supported field case studies illustrate a bridge between research and practical application, thus making the book useful for academics and practicing engineers.

This series delivers a multi-volume approach that addresses the latest research on various types of EOR. Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future of energy.

  • Presents the latest research and practical applications specific to chemical enhanced oil recovery methods
  • Helps users understand new research on available technology, including chemical flooding specific to unconventional reservoirs and hybrid chemical options
  • Includes additional methods, such as data mining applications and economic and environmental considerations
Contributors xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction to chemical enhanced oil recovery
1(32)
Yaser Ahmadi
Majid Mohammadi
Mehdi Sedighi
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Chemical EOR methods
3(20)
1.3 Conclusions
23(10)
References
26(7)
2 Polymer flooding
33(62)
Forough Ameli
Saber Moghadam
Samiye Shahmarvand
2.1 Introduction
33(1)
2.2 Classification of EOR polymers
34(2)
2.3 Polymers features and screening criteria
36(7)
2.4 Polymer rheology
43(7)
2.5 Polymer as fracturing fluid in oil reservoir
50(1)
2.6 Polymer adsorption
51(1)
2.7 Displacement mechanisms in polymer flooding
52(4)
2.8 Fractional flow curve analysis
56(4)
2.9 Polymer flooding performance
60(2)
2.10 Polymer flooding in heavy oil recovery
62(3)
2.11 Polymer flooding design and offshore experiences
65(3)
2.12 Modeling and simulations
68(6)
2.13 Upscaling
74(1)
2.14 Laboratory tests and interpretation of the results
75(4)
2.15 Field cases
79(4)
2.16 Injection scheme
83(1)
2.17 Operation problems
84(2)
2.18 Well pattern
86(1)
2.19 Surface facilities
87(2)
2.20 Economics and feasibility study of polymer flooding processes
89(6)
References
92(3)
3 Enhanced oil recovery using surfactants
95(46)
Sabber Khandoozi
Amin Sharifi
Masoud Riazi
3.1 Overview
95(1)
3.2 Types of surfactants
96(3)
3.3 Chemicals used in surfactant flooding
99(1)
3.4 Thermal and aqueous stability
100(3)
3.5 Optimum salinity
103(4)
3.6 Mechanisms
107(3)
3.7 Emulsion formation and treatment
110(1)
3.8 Surfactant retention
111(17)
3.9 Upscaling
128(2)
3.10 Screening criteria
130(3)
3.11 Field cases
133(8)
References
136(5)
4 Alkaline flooding
141(80)
Ali Rahimi
Morteza Jami
Hassan Divandari
Mehdi Safari
4.1 Introduction
141(1)
4.2 Commonly used alkaline agents
141(1)
4.3 Alkaline reaction
142(7)
4.4 Mechanisms
149(11)
4.5 Effect of reservoir condition on alkaline process
160(1)
4.6 Geology and lithologic variation of reservoir
161(1)
4.7 Effect of pH
162(1)
4.8 Salinity effect on alkaline flooding
163(3)
4.9 Effects of oil composition on alkaline flooding
166(5)
4.10 Ternary diagram in alkaline flooding
171(3)
4.11 Success rate and screening criteria
174(1)
4.12 Displacement efficiency in alkaline process
175(2)
4.13 Combined flooding processes
177(1)
4.14 Simulation and modeling
178(10)
4.15 Application of machine learning
188(5)
4.16 Surveillance and monitoring of alkaline flooding
193(1)
4.17 Application conditions of the alkaline flooding project
194(27)
A Appendix
196(17)
References
213(8)
5 Alkaline-surfactant polymer (ASP)
221(28)
Meysam Nourani
Saeid Sadeghnejad
5.1 Introduction
221(1)
5.2 Synergy of alkaline, surfactant, and polymer constituents
221(2)
5.3 Polymer effect
223(3)
5.4 Emulsion properties and stability
226(1)
5.5 ASP compatibility
227(1)
5.6 Mechanism descriptions
228(1)
5.7 Factors that influence IFT
229(1)
5.8 Factors that influence wettability
229(1)
5.9 Phase separation
230(1)
5.10 Surfactant polymer adsorption
230(1)
5.11 Modeling and simulations
231(1)
5.12 Application of machine learning
232(1)
5.13 Optimization the design of ASP injection
233(1)
5.14 Chemistry
234(2)
5.15 Screening criteria
236(1)
5.16 Laboratory tests
237(1)
5.17 Field examples and performance
238(1)
5.18 ASP flooding: Field challenges
239(10)
References
242(7)
6 Improved oil recovery by gel technology: Water shutoff and conformance control
249(64)
Saeid Sadeghnejad
Marjan Ashrafizadeh
Meysam Nourani
6.1 Introduction
249(2)
6.2 Excessive water control
251(3)
6.3 Polymer gels
254(8)
6.4 In situ gel
262(11)
6.5 Preformed particle gel (PPG)
273(15)
6.6 Temperature-activated polymer gel (TAP)
288(4)
6.7 pH-sensitive microgel
292(21)
References
302(11)
7 Smart water injection
313(44)
Arastoo Abdi
Zahra Bahmani
Behnam Ranjbar
Masoud Riazi
7.1 Basic concepts
313(1)
7.2 Condition for smart water injection in sandstone reservoirs
313(1)
7.3 Condition for smart water injection in carbonate reservoirs
314(1)
7.4 Factors influencing smart water
315(5)
7.5 Physical and chemical mechanisms of recovery
320(12)
7.6 Injected and formation brine interaction
332(1)
7.7 Optimum salinity
333(1)
7.8 Zeta potential
334(1)
7.9 Dynamic investigation of contact angle and interfacial tension
335(2)
7.10 Heterogeneity and fluid diversion 9
337(1)
7.11 Effect on relative permeability curve
337(1)
7.12 Simulation
338(1)
7.13 Machine learning
338(1)
7.14 Upscaling
339(2)
7.15 Screening criteria
341(1)
7.16 Field study
342(2)
7.17 Success rate
344(1)
7.18 Field challenges
345(1)
7.19 Operation problems
345(1)
7.20 Economic and environmental feasibility
345(12)
References
346(11)
8 A comprehensive review on the use of eco-friendly surfactants in oil industry
357(44)
Hossein Mehrjoo
Mohsen Riazi
Saeid Norouzi-Apourvari
8.1 Overview
357(1)
8.2 Surfactant
357(18)
8.3 Surfactant flooding
375(1)
8.4 Surfactant EOR mechanisms
375(7)
8.5 Effect of eco-friendly surfactants on the I FT, wettability alteration, and oil recovery
382(5)
8.6 Other applications of surfactant
387(1)
8.7 Future perspectives, recommendations, and challenges
388(13)
References
390(11)
9 Combination of chemical methods
401(32)
Morteza Asemani
Amin Rezaei
9.1 Introduction
401(1)
9.2 Key components of combined chemical methods
401(4)
9.3 Combined chemical EOR methods
405(12)
9.4 Comparison of different methods
417(1)
9.5 Screening criteria for selecting the combined EOR methods
417(3)
9.6 Modeling and simulations
420(1)
9.7 Application of machine learning
420(1)
9.8 Field applications
421(2)
9.9 Field challenges
423(1)
9.10 Economic and environmental feasibility
424(9)
References
425(8)
10 Chemical enhanced oil recovery in unconventional reservoirs
433(28)
Ali Mirzaalian Dastjerdi
Sefatallah Ashoorian
10.1 Introduction
433(2)
10.2 Unconventional reservoirs description
435(6)
10.3 Coalbed methane reservoirs
441(2)
10.4 Heavy oil and tar sands
443(3)
10.5 Shale oil and gas reservoirs
446(7)
10.6 Field examples
453(2)
10.7 Screening criteria/challenging
455(6)
References
457(4)
11 Formation damage during chemical flooding
461(15)
Amin Rezaei
Saman Bagherpour
11.1 Introduction
461(2)
11.2 Problems associated with different chemical methods
463(7)
11.3 Combined CEOR processes
470(3)
11.4 Techniques to mitigate FD during EOR processes
473(1)
11.5 Identification of risk and opportunity of EOR projects
474(2)
11.6 Summary and conclusions
476(1)
References 476(3)
Index 479
Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh is currently an assistant professor at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. He is also an adjunct professor at Jilin University and Northeast Petroleum University in China. He was previously a visiting scholar at the University of Calgary. He earned a PhD in petroleum engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology, an MSc in hydrocarbon reservoir engineering from the Sharif University of Technology, and a BSc in petroleum engineering from the Amirkabir University of Technology. His research interests include enhanced oil recovery processes, heavy oil systems, nanotechnology, and applications of intelligent models in the petroleum industry. Abdolhossein has been awarded as a distinguished graduate MSc student, was an honor PhD student, and a recipient of the National Elites Foundation Scholarship. He works as an associate professor in the Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. He has published over 150 journal articles, three books, several conference proceedings, and earned one patent in 2016. Mahin Schaffie is currently Professor of chemical and petroleum engineering at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. She was previously director of department of petroleum engineering as well as energy & environmental engineering research center at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Her research interests include enhanced oil recovery, nano and biotechnology and separation science and engineering. She earned a MSc in applied technical chemistry, a PhD in chemical and petroleum engineering, and a specialized certificate in environmental engineering, all from the Technical University Clausthal in Germany. She has won many awards and national fundings. Mahin has authored one book, over 25 technical reports, more than120 journal papers and four patents. Mohammad Ranjbar is currently a professor of mining and petroleum engineering at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. He is also Director of Mineral Industries Research Center at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. He earned a PhD in petroleum engineering and a MSc in applied technical chemistry from Technical University Clausthal in Germany. His research interests include surface phenomena, enhanced oil recovery, biotechnology and separation science and engineering. He has won many awards and received funding for over 30 European and national research projects. Mohammad has authored two books, more than 130 journal papers, four international patents and over 45 technical reports. Mingzhe Dong, PhD. P.Eng is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, and a Distinguished Professor in the School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum. He earned a BASc from Northwest University in China, a MASc from the China University of Petroleum, and a PhD from the University of Waterloo in Canadaall in chemical engineering. His industry and academic research experience include Industry Post-Doctoral Fellow at Imperial Oil in Calgary, Senior Research Engineer at the Saskatchewan Research Council, Professor at University of Regina, and Professor at University of Calgary. His research areas are flow in porous media, interfacial phenomena, enhanced oil recovery, unconventional resources development, and CO2 sequestration. He has co-authored 260 journal papers, 70 conference papers, 35 patents, and over 45 industry and government reports. Zhaomin Li is currently a professor and vice president of China University of Petroleum (East China). His research interests are in oil production engineering theory and technology, application of foam fluids in oil and gas development, and heavy oil. He is also an executive director of the Shandong Petroleum Institute in foam fluids and vice chairman of the Shandong Ocean Development Research Association. He has won many awards and received funding for more than 50 national scientific research projects. He has obtained 68 invention patents, including 7 US patents. He earned a PhD from the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), an MS from Shandong University, and a BS from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology.