E-raamat: Chemistry of Molecules of Life

1. Carbohydrates

· Stereoisomerism in Carbohydrates

· Monosaccharides

· Mutarotation

· Epimers

· Reactions of Monosaccharides

· Synthesis and Degradation of Monosaccharides

· Glucose

· Fischers Proof of the Configuration of D-(+)-Glucose

· Fructose

· Disaccharides
2. Nucleic Acids

· Structure Determination of Nucleic Acids

· Synthesis of Adenine

· Guanine

· Properties of Purine and Its Derivatives

· Pyrimidine Bases

· Properties of Pyrimidine and Its Derivatives

· Nucleosides

· Nucleotides

· Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

· Polynucleotides or Nucleic Acid

· Structure of DNA

· Postulates of Watson and Crick Model of DNA

· Base Pairing in DNA

· Different Conformations of DNA

· Replication

· Structure of RNA

· Transcription

· Translation
3. Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins

· Amino Acids

· Types of Amino Acids

· Classification of Amino Acids

· Structure of Amino Acids

· Optical Activity of Amino Acids

· Synthesis of Amino Acids

· Daraspsky Synthesis

· Physical Properties of Amino Acids

· Electrophoresis

· Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Electrophoresis

· Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography

· Isoelectric Point

· Chemical Properties of Amino Acids

· Peptides

· N-terminal Residue and C-terminal Residue

· Naming of Peptide

· Structure Determination of Peptide or Proteins

· Complete Hydrolysis of Protein or Peptide

· End Group of Analysis of Peptide or Protein

· N-terminal Analysis

· C-terminal Analysis

· Partial Hydrolysis of Peptide

· Other Methods for Selective Cleavage

· Synthesis of Peptide

· C-protecting Groups

· Protection of Side Chain

· Activation of Carboxylic Group

· Activated Ester Method

· Azide Method

· Anhydride Methods

· DCC Method

· Merrifield Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis

· Proteins

· Average Molecular Weight of Protein

· Classification of Proteins

· Denaturation of Proteins

· Structure of Proteins

· Test of Proteins
4. Enzymes and Correlation with Drug Action

· Definition

· Chemical Nature

· Properties of The Enzymes

· Classification of The Enzymes

· Mode of Enzyme Action

· Michaelis-Menton

· Chymotrypsin Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Peptide Bond

· Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

· Enzymes Specificity

· Inhibition of Enzymes

· Coenzyme and Cofactor

· DrugReceptor Interactions

· Interactions (Forces) Involved in The Drug-Receptor (DR) Complex

· The Theories for Drug-Receptor (DR) Interactions

· The Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR)
5. Lipids

· Classification of Lipids

· Fatty Acids

· Nomenclature of Fatty Acids

· Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

· Essential Fatty Acids

· Physical Properties of Fatty Acids

· Triacylglycerols

· Chemical Reactions pf Triacylglycerols

· Hydrogenation

· Rancidification

· Oxidation

· Reichert-Meissl Number

· Waxes

· Hospholipids

· Sphingoglycolipids

· Cholesterol

· Cell Membrane (Lipid Bilayer)

· Steroid Hormones

· Lipoprotein

· Liposomes
6. Oxidation of Foodstuff (Organic Molecules) as a source of Energy for Cell

· Metabolism

· ATP: Universal Currency of Cellular Energy

· ATP Hydrolysis and Free Energy

· Conversion of Food Into Energy

· Metabolic Pathway of Carbohydrates

· Glycolysis

· Fermentation

· Krebs Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA)

· Interrelationship Between Various Metabolic

· Pathways of Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates

· Calorific Value of The Food

Index

Darshan Singh is Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry at Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, India.

Anuradha is Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemistry at Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, India.

Divya Mathur is Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemistry at Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, India.