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E-raamat: Chinese Contract Law: Civil and Common Law Perspectives

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Oct-2017
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316819500
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Chinese Contract Law: Civil and Common Law PerspectivesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Oct-2017
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316819500
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The book is written at both the scholarly and practitioner levels. It is a useful reference for those wanting to know more about Chinese contract law, or for those drafting international contracts, and for students interested in the comparative analysis of contract law.

This book is the product of a unique collaboration between mainland Chinese scholars and scholars from the civil, common, and mixed jurisdiction legal traditions. It begins by placing the current Chinese contract law (CCL) in the context of an evolutionary process accelerated during China's transition to a market economy. It is structured around the core areas of contract law, anticipatory repudiation (common law) and defense of security (German law); and remedies and damages, with a focus on the availability of specific performance in Chinese law. The book also offers a useful comparison between the CCL and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, as well as the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. The analysis in the book is undertaken at two levels - practical application of the CCL and scholarly commentary.

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A unique comparative analysis of Chinese contract law accessible to lawyers from civil, common, and mixed law jurisdictions.
Preface xxvii
List of Contributors
xxviii
Table of Cases
xxxiv
PART I HISTORY OF CHINESE CONTRACT LAW
1(26)
1 History of Chinese Contract Law
3(24)
1.1 Introduction
3(3)
1.2 Sources of Chinese Contract Law
6(1)
1.3 Role of Legislature, Courts and Government
7(5)
1.3.1 Legislature
7(1)
1.3.2 Courts as
8(2)
1.3.3 Government
10(2)
1.4 Contracts versus Administrative Law
12(1)
1.5 Contracts versus Procedural Law
13(1)
1.6 Perspectives on Chinese Contract Law: General Principles
14(4)
1.6.1 PRC Meta-principles: Socialist Modernization and Freedom of Contract
14(2)
1.6.2 Western Meta-principles and the PRC: Good Faith and Freedom of Contract
16(2)
1.7 Perspectives on Chinese Contract Law as a Body of Substantive Rules
18(3)
1.8 Comparative Law Analysis: Better Rules for the Chinese Civil Code
21(6)
PART II GENERAL PRINCIPLES
27(108)
2 General Principles under the CCL
29(15)
2.1 Introduction
29(1)
2.2 Systematic Structure of the General Principles
30(1)
2.3 Norm-Functions of the General Principles
31(7)
2.3.1 Interpretative Function
32(3)
2.3.2 Supplementing Function
35(1)
2.3.3 Restrictive Function
36(2)
2.4 Relevant Developments in Legal Practice in China
38(5)
2.4.1 General Principles versus Specific Rules
38(2)
2.4.2 Conflicting General Principles
40(3)
2.5 Conclusion
43(1)
3 General Principles of Chinese Contract Law: An English Common Law Perspective
44(28)
3.1 Introduction
44(1)
3.2 General Principles of Chinese Contract Law
45(1)
3.3 General Principles in the English Common Law of Contract
46(24)
3.3.1 General Attitude Towards General Principles
49(3)
3.3.2 Scope of Freedom of Contract
52(2)
3.3.3 Limitations to "Freedom of Contract"
54(1)
3.3.3.1 Vitiating Factors
54(1)
3.3.3.1.1 Misrepresentation
55(1)
3.3.3.1.2 Duress
56(1)
3.3.3.1.3 Undue Influence
57(1)
3.3.4 Common Law Controls over Substance
58(1)
3.3.4.1 Implication of Terms
58(1)
3.3.4.2 Controls over Penalty Clauses
59(2)
3.3.4.3 Controls over Contractual Discretion
61(2)
3.3.4.4 Illegality and Public Policy
63(1)
3.3.4.5 Statutory Controls
64(1)
3.3.4.6 Restriction on Freedom not to Conclude a Contract
65(1)
3.3.4.7 Good Faith and Fairness
65(4)
3.3.5 Equality between Parties
69(1)
3.4 Conclusion
70(2)
4 Good Faith in Contract Performance in the Chinese and Common Laws
72(40)
4.1 Introduction
72(2)
4.2 Civil and Common Laws
74(1)
4.3 Good Faith in Chinese Contract Law
75(7)
4.4 Good Faith in English Contract Law
82(3)
4.5 Comparative Case Studies
85(24)
4.5.1 Manner of Performance
85(1)
4.5.1.1 Scenario A: Time of Delivery
86(1)
4.5.1.1.1 Chinese Law
86(1)
4.5.1.1.2 English Law
87(1)
4.5.1.2 Scenario B: Reward Offer
88(1)
4.5.1.2.1 Chinese Law
88(2)
4.5.1.2.2 English Law
90(1)
4.5.1.2.3 Comparative Observations
91(1)
4.5.2 Ancillary Duties
92(1)
4.5.2.1 Scenario C: Belated Mail Delivery
92(1)
4.5.2.1.1 Chinese Law
93(1)
4.5.2.1.2 English Law
94(1)
4.5.2.2 Scenario D: The Expired Insurance Contract
95(1)
4.5.2.2.1 Chinese Law
95(1)
4.5.2.2.2 English Law
96(1)
4.5.2.2.3 Comparative Observations
97(1)
4.5.3 Contractual Discretion
97(1)
4.5.3.1 Scenario E: Satisfaction Clause
98(1)
4.5.3.1.1 Chinese Law
98(2)
4.5.3.1.2 English Law
100(1)
4.5.3.1.3 Comparative Observations
100(1)
4.5.4 Discontinuance of Contract
101(1)
4.5.4.1 Scenario F: Converting a Shopping Mall
101(1)
4.5.4.1.1 Chinese Law
102(1)
4.5.4.1.2 English Law
103(1)
4.5.4.1.3 Comparative Observations
104(1)
4.5.5 Supervening Events
105(1)
4.5.5.1 Scenario G: Long-Term Contracts
105(1)
4.5.5.1.1 Chinese Law
105(3)
4.5.5.1.2 English Law
108(1)
4.5.5.1.3 Comparative Observations
109(1)
4.6 Conclusion
109(3)
5 General Principles of Chinese Contract Law: A Scottish Perspective
112(23)
5.1 Introduction
112(2)
5.2 Comparative Observations on the General Provisions of the CCL
114(17)
5.2.1 `Maintaining Social and Economic Order and Promoting Socialist Modernisation'
114(2)
5.2.2 Equality of Parties
116(2)
5.2.3 Domination of Will
118(3)
5.2.4 Freedom of Contract
121(2)
5.2.5 Fairness
123(1)
5.2.6 Good Faith
124(3)
5.2.7 Public Interest
127(2)
5.2.8 Pacta Sunt Servanda
129(2)
5.3 Conclusion: Overall Character of the General Principles of the CCL
131(4)
PART III CONTRACT FORMATION
135(78)
6 Liability Prior to Contract Formation in Chinese Contract Law
137(23)
6.1 Introduction
137(1)
6.2 Liabilities under Pre-contract and Pre-contractual Liabilities
138(2)
6.3 Judicial Difficulty in Interpreting Commercial Practices
140(1)
6.4 Liability in the Pre-contract Stage and CCL Article 42
141(7)
6.4.1 Overview of Article 42
141(2)
6.4.2 General Obligation of Good Faith
143(1)
6.4.3 Legal Test for Article 42 Good Faith
144(1)
6.4.4 Judicial Practice and the 2012 SPC Interpretation
145(1)
6.4.4.1 Article 2 of the 2012 SPC Interpretation
145(1)
6.4.4.2 Chinese Courts' Practice
146(1)
6.4.4.3 Summary
147(1)
6.5 Liability under Pre-contract -- a Common Law Approach
148(4)
6.5.1 General Position under Common Law
148(2)
6.5.2 Summary of Common Law Position
150(1)
6.5.3 Exceptions
150(2)
6.6 "Quantifying" Liability -- All-or-Nothing Approach versus Partial Enforcement
152(6)
6.6.1 All-or-Nothing Approach
152(1)
6.6.1.1 Criticism of All-or-Nothing Approach
152(2)
6.6.1.2 Rethinking All-or-Nothing and Partial Enforcement
154(2)
6.6.1.3 Law and Economics Analysis of Partial Enforcement Rule
156(2)
6.7 Conclusion
158(2)
7 Pre-contractual Liability from a Civil Lawyer's Perspective
160(30)
7.1 Introduction
160(1)
7.2 Classical Common--Civil Law Divide
161(3)
7.3 Culpa in Contrahendo in Chinese Contract Law
164(26)
7.3.1 Comment to CCL Article 42
166(1)
7.3.1.1 Articles 42(1) and (3) Main Influences: The PICC and PECL
166(1)
7.3.1.2 Article 42(2) Main Influence: Italian Civil Code
167(3)
7.3.1.3 Synopsis of CCL Article 42
170(1)
7.3.1.4 Chinese Case Law Relating to CCL Article 42
171(6)
7.3.1.5 Alternatives to Reformulate CCL Article 42 -- Eliminating Gaps and Inconsistences
177(1)
7.3.1.5.1 Civil and Common Laws' Converging Solutions
177(2)
7.3.1.5.2 DCFR and ACQP: Seriousness, Transparency and Exchange of Relevant Information
179(6)
7.3.1.5.3 Existing EU Law: Consumer Rights Directive
185(1)
7.3.2 Comment to CCL Article 43
186(1)
7.3.2.1 Article 43 Main Influences: The PICC and PECL
186(1)
7.3.2.2 Chinese Case Law Related to Article 43
187(1)
7.3.2.3 Alternatives to Reformulate Article 43 -- Eliminating Gaps and Inconsistences
188(2)
8 Pre-contractual Liability through the Looking Glass of the Common Law
190(23)
8.1 Introduction
190(1)
8.2 Freedom from Contract and the Line between an Offer and an Invitation to Treat
191(2)
8.3 `Subject to Contract': `No Contract until We Say So'
193(1)
8.4 Obligation to Negotiate in Good Faith
194(5)
8.5 Techniques for Ensuring Fairness in the Pre-contractual Phase
199(11)
8.5.1 Finding the Existence of a Related Agreement
199(3)
8.5.2 Action for Misrepresentation
202(3)
8.5.3 Diverse Varieties of Estoppel
205(3)
8.5.4 Other Doctrines Addressing the Failure to Negotiate in Good Faith
208(2)
8.6 Mapping Functionality: Equivalent Doctrines in Chinese Law
210(1)
8.7 Further Reflections on CCL Article 42
211(2)
PART IV VALIDITY
213(86)
9 Prospect of Validity in Chinese Contract Law
215(24)
9.1 Introduction
215(1)
9.2 Validity of Contract in Chinese Law
216(5)
9.2.1 Capacity
216(1)
9.2.2 Genuine Declaration of Intent
217(1)
9.2.2.1 Nonconformity of Actor's Intent and Declaration
217(1)
9.2.2.1.1 Reservation of Intent
217(1)
9.2.2.1.2 Fictitious Declaration
217(1)
9.2.2.1.3 Sham Declaration
218(1)
9.2.2.1.4 Error
219(1)
9.2.2.1.5 Incorrect Transmission
219(1)
9.2.2.2 Restricted Declaration of Intent
219(1)
9.2.2.2.1 Fraud
219(1)
9.2.2.2.2 Coercion
220(1)
9.2.2.3 Exploitation of the Other Party's Unfavorable Position
221(1)
9.2.3 No Violation of Laws, Administrative Regulations or Public Interests
221(1)
9.3 Void ab initio
221(4)
9.3.1 Contracts Severely Violating the Law
222(1)
9.3.2 Contracts Violating the Interests of the State and Public
223(1)
9.3.2.1 Damaging Public Interests through Malicious Collusion
224(1)
9.3.2.2 Damaging Public Interests through Other Circumstances
224(1)
9.4 Revocable Contracts
225(3)
9.4.1 Contracts with Significant Misconception
225(1)
9.4.2 Obviously Unfair Contracts
225(1)
9.4.3 Contracts Concluded through the Use of Fraud, Coercion or Exploitation
226(2)
9.5 Validity in Suspended Contracts
228(9)
9.5.1 Contracts Performed by Persons with Limited Capacity
228(1)
9.5.1.1 Contracts Timely Adopted by Accredited Representatives Shall Be Valid
228(1)
9.5.1.2 Bona Fide Party Exercises Revocation Right Before the Contract Is Ratified
229(1)
9.5.1.3 Contracts Disposing Property by a Person with No Right of Disposal
229(1)
9.5.2 Unauthorized Agency Contracts
230(1)
9.5.2.1 Principal Ratifies Contract
231(1)
9.5.2.2 Third Party Exercises Right of Cancellation Before Principal Ratifies
231(1)
9.5.2.3 Unauthorized Representation Contracts
231(1)
9.5.3 Recognition of Incompletely Valid Contracts as Independent Contracts
232(2)
9.5.4 Recognition of Invalid Contracts Relative to a Specific Third Party as Independent Contracts
234(3)
9.6 Legal Effects of Invalid Contracts
237(2)
9.6.1 Return of Property
237(1)
9.6.2 Compensation for Losses
237(1)
9.6.3 Other Legal Effects
238(1)
10 Invalidity of Contract in Chinese and English Contract Law
239(40)
10.1 Introduction
239(1)
10.2 Effects of Invalidity
240(11)
10.2.1 Types of Contractual Invalidity
240(1)
10.2.1.1 Invalid Contracts
240(1)
10.2.1.2 Revocable Contracts
241(1)
10.2.1.2.1 Rescission by the Court or by the Complainant
241(2)
10.2.1.2.2 Who Can Rescind?
243(1)
10.2.1.2.3 Loss of the Right to Rescind
243(2)
10.2.1.3 Other Categories of Invalidity in Chinese Law
245(1)
10.2.1.3.1 Contracts Subject to Alteration
245(2)
10.2.1.3.2 Valid in Suspense Contracts
247(1)
10.2.1.3.3 Incompletely Valid Contracts
248(1)
10.2.1.3.4 Invalid Contracts Relative to a Third Party
248(1)
10.2.2 Other Consequences of Invalid or Revoked Contracts
249(1)
10.2.2.1 Restitution
249(1)
10.2.2.2 Compensation
249(2)
10.2.2.3 Dispute Settlement Clauses
251(1)
10.2.2.4 Confiscation of Property
251(1)
10.3 Grounds of Invalidity
251(28)
10.3.1 Incapacity
251(1)
10.3.1.1 No Capacity
251(1)
10.3.1.2 Limited Capacity
252(1)
10.3.1.2.1 Beneficial Contracts
252(1)
10.3.1.2.2 Appropriate Contracts
252(2)
10.3.1.2.3 Ratified Contracts
254(1)
10.3.1.3 The Effects of Incapacity
255(1)
10.3.2 Lack of Genuine Intention
255(1)
10.3.2.1 Fraud
256(1)
10.3.2.1.1 Scope of Fraud
257(1)
10.3.2.1.2 Wider Relief for Non-fraudulent Misrepresentation in English Law
257(1)
10.3.2.1.3 Non-disclosure
258(1)
10.3.2.1.4 Third-Party Misrepresentation
259(1)
10.3.2.1.5 Effects of Fraud
260(1)
10.3.2.2 Coercion
261(1)
10.3.2.2.1 Scope of Invalidity
261(2)
10.3.2.2.2 The Effects of Coercion
263(1)
10.3.2.3 Exploitation and Unfairness
264(1)
10.3.2.3.1 The Tests
264(3)
10.3.2.3.2 Effects of Exploitation, Unfairness or Unconscionability
267(1)
10.3.2.3.3 Unfair Terms
267(1)
10.3.2.4 Substantial Misunderstanding
268(1)
10.3.2.4.1 Types of Operative Mistake
269(4)
10.3.2.4.2 Risk Allocation and Fault
273(1)
10.3.2.4.3 Serious Damage
273(1)
10.3.2.4.4 Effects of Mistake
273(1)
10.3.2.4.5 Three-Party Cases
274(1)
10.3.2.5 Illegality, the State and Public Policy
274(1)
10.3.2.5.1 The Test
274(2)
10.3.2.5.2 Effects of Illegality
276(2)
10.3.2.6 What about Undue Influence?
278(1)
11 Impossibility of Performance and Contract Validity: A German Law Perspective
279(20)
11.1 Introduction
279(1)
11.2 German Law
280(9)
11.2.1 General
280(1)
11.2.2 Situation before the Reform of the German Law of Obligations
281(1)
11.2.2.1 Background
281(1)
11.2.2.2 Impossibility before Contract Formation
282(1)
(1) Objective Impossibility
282(1)
(2) Subjective Impossibility
283(2)
11.2.2.3 Impossibility after Contract Formation
285(1)
(1) Objective Impossibility
285(1)
(2) Subjective Impossibility
286(1)
11.2.3 Situation after the Reform of the German Law of Obligations
286(1)
11.2.3.1 Background
286(1)
11.2.3.2 Impossibility before Contract Formation
287(2)
11.2.3.3 Impossibility after Contract Formation
289(1)
11.3 Chinese Contract Law
289(3)
11.3.1 General
289(1)
11.3.2 Situation before the Entering into Force of the CCL
290(1)
11.3.3 Situation under the CCL
290(2)
11.4 Comparative Analysis
292(6)
11.4.1 General
292(1)
11.4.2 Comparing German and Chinese Contract Law: Performance Impossibility
293(1)
11.4.3 Should There Be Valid Contracts without Principal Obligations?
294(4)
11.5 Conclusion
298(1)
PART V PERFORMANCE AND BREACH
299(76)
12 Perspectives on Chinese Contract Law: Performance and Breach
301(22)
12.1 Introduction
301(1)
12.2 Contracts in Favor of Third Parties
302(6)
12.2.1 Relevant Law
302(1)
12.2.2 CCL Article 64 and Contracts in Favor of Third Parties
302(2)
12.2.3 Contracts Conferring Rights to Third Parties
304(2)
12.2.4 Should Contracts in Favor of Third Parties Be Recognized?
306(2)
12.3 Anticipatory Breach and Defense of Insecurity
308(6)
12.3.1 Anticipatory Breach
308(1)
12.3.1.1 Relevant Law
308(1)
12.3.1.2 Scope of Anticipatory Breach
308(2)
12.3.1.3 Legal Consequences of Anticipatory Breach
310(1)
12.3.2 Defense of Insecurity
311(1)
12.3.2.1 Relevant Law
311(1)
12.3.2.2 Circumstances of Insecurity
311(2)
12.3.2.3 Right of Termination
313(1)
12.3.2.4 Functions of Defense of Insecurity
314(1)
12.4 Anticipatory Breach and Defense of Insecurity
314(3)
12.4.1 Defense of Insecurity and Assurance of Performance
314(2)
12.4.2 Anticipatory Breach and Defense of Insecurity
316(1)
12.5 Doctrine of Change of Circumstances
317(5)
12.5.1 Relevant Law
317(1)
12.5.2 Change of Circumstances
318(3)
12.5.3 Legal Consequences of Change of Circumstances
321(1)
12.6 Conclusion
322(1)
13 Anticipatory Breach, Change of Circumstances, and Third-Party Rights: A Civil Law Perspective
323(28)
13.1 Introduction
323(2)
13.2 Contracts in Favour of Third Parties
325(10)
13.2.1 Relevant Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions and International Instruments
325(2)
13.2.2 Contracts in Favour of Third Parties in Civil Law Jurisdictions
327(1)
13.2.3 Conferral of Rights on Third Parties: Tripartite Contracts and Bilateral Contracts with Right to Reject
328(1)
13.2.3.1 Tripartite Contract Approach
328(1)
13.2.3.2 Bilateral Contract with Right-to-Reject Approach
329(2)
13.2.3.3 Creditor's Continuing Right to Compel Performance
331(1)
13.2.4 Modification and Performance of Contracts in Favour of Third Parties
331(1)
13.2.4.1 Modification
331(1)
13.2.4.2 Performance
332(1)
13.2.5 Should Contracts in Favour of Third Parties Be Recognised under the CCL?
333(1)
13.2.5.1 Useful Purpose
333(1)
13.2.5.2 Conformity with General Principles of Contract Law
334(1)
13.2.5.3 Conclusion
335(1)
13.3 Anticipatory Breach and Defence of Insecurity
335(8)
13.3.1 Anticipatory Breach
335(1)
13.3.1.1 Relevant Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions and International Instruments
335(2)
13.3.1.2 Scope of Anticipatory Breach
337(1)
13.3.1.3 Legal Consequences of Anticipatory Breach
338(1)
13.3.2 Defence of Insecurity
339(1)
13.3.2.1 Relevant Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions and International Instruments
339(2)
13.3.2.2 Circumstances of Insecurity
341(1)
13.3.2.3 Right of Termination
342(1)
13.4 Doctrine of Change of Circumstances
343(7)
13.4.1 Relevant Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions and International Instruments
343(2)
13.4.2 Change of Circumstances
345(1)
13.4.2.1 Exclusion of Commercial Risk
346(1)
13.4.2.2 Exclusion of Results of Force Majeure
346(2)
13.4.3 Legal Consequences of a Change of Circumstances
348(2)
13.5 Conclusion
350(1)
14 Common Law Perspectives on Performance and Breach
351(24)
14.1 Introduction
351(1)
14.2 Contracts in Favour of Third Parties
351(9)
14.2.1 Relevant Law
351(1)
14.2.2 Scope
352(2)
14.2.3 Specific Performance
354(1)
14.2.4 Damages
355(1)
14.2.5 Constructive Trust
356(1)
14.2.6 Agency
357(1)
14.2.7 Assignment
357(1)
14.2.8 Collateral Contract, Bailment and Vicarious Immunity
357(1)
14.2.9 Torts
358(1)
14.2.10 Statutes
358(1)
14.2.11 Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
359(1)
14.2.12 Contracts Imposing Obligations on Third Parties
360(1)
14.3 Anticipatory Breach and Defence of Insecurity
360(6)
14.3.1 Relevant Law: Anticipatory Breach
360(3)
14.3.2 Scope of Anticipatory Breach
363(1)
14.3.3 Legal Consequences of Anticipatory Breach
363(2)
14.3.4 Relevant Law: Defence of Insecurity
365(1)
14.4 Doctrine of Change of Circumstances
366(7)
14.4.1 Relevant Law
366(3)
14.4.2 Change of Circumstances
369(2)
14.4.3 Legal Consequences of a Change of Circumstances
371(2)
14.5 Conclusion
373(2)
PART VI REMEDIES AND DAMAGES
375(70)
15 Damages and Specific Performance in Chinese Contract Law
377(27)
15.1 Introduction
377(2)
15.2 Breach
379(3)
15.2.1 Fundamental Breach and Its Consequences
379(2)
15.2.2 Fault or Strict Liability
381(1)
15.3 Damages
382(6)
15.3.1 Purposes of Damages
382(2)
15.3.2 Recovery of Non-pecuniary Loss
384(2)
15.3.3 Calculation of Damages
386(2)
15.4 Restrictions on the Recovery of Damages
388(5)
15.4.1 Foreseeability or Remoteness
388(2)
15.4.2 Mitigation
390(1)
15.4.3 Contributory Negligence
391(2)
15.4.4 Loss to Be Reduced by Gains of Non-breaching Party
393(1)
15.5 Liquidated Damages or Penalties?
393(4)
15.6 Specific Performance: A Routine Remedy
397(6)
15.6.1 General Availability
397(1)
15.6.2 Statutory Restrictions
398(1)
15.6.3 Extra-statutory Restricting Factors
399(2)
15.6.4 Specific Performance: A Rarely Sought Remedy
401(2)
15.7 Conclusion
403(1)
16 Chinese Contract Law on Remedies and Damages: A Civil Law Perspective
404(19)
16.1 Introduction
404(2)
16.2 Remedies for Nonperformance
406(15)
16.2.1 Termination
407(1)
16.2.1.1 Termination Clauses
408(1)
16.2.1.2 Termination upon Notice
408(1)
16.2.1.3 Termination by Judiciary Proceeding
409(1)
16.2.1.4 Effects of Termination
410(1)
16.2.2 Specific and Enforced Performance
410(3)
16.2.3 Defense of Nonperformance (Suspension of Performance)
413(1)
16.2.4 Anticipatory Breach
414(1)
16.2.5 Reduction of Price
415(1)
16.2.6 Contractual Liability and Damages
416(3)
16.2.7 Penalties and Liquidated Damages Clauses
419(1)
16.2.8 Circumstances Limiting and Excluding Liability
420(1)
16.2.9 Duty to Mitigate Loss
421(1)
16.3 Conclusion
421(2)
17 Debt Instead of Damages in the Common Law
423(22)
17.1 Introduction
423(3)
17.1.1 Debt and Specific Performance: CISG versus English Common Law
424(2)
17.2 Non-sale Cases
426(8)
17.2.1 White and Carter: Irrelevancy of Mitigation Defence in Debt
426(4)
17.2.2 Debt Claims in Shipping Cases
430(4)
17.3 Sales Cases
434(10)
17.3.1 Section 49 of the Sale of Goods Act
434(5)
17.3.2 Sui Generis Supply Contracts
439(3)
17.3.3 UCC Article 2 and Canadian Law Commissions
442(2)
17.4 Conclusion
444(1)
PART VII THE CCL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW INSTRUMENTS
445(56)
18 The CCL and UNIDROIT Principles
447(19)
18.1 Introduction
447(1)
18.2 The PICC in a Nutshell
447(2)
18.3 Influence of the PICC on the Drafting of the CCL
449(7)
18.3.1 The PICC and the CCL's Drafting History
449(1)
18.3.2 Reasons for the Chinese Legislators to Reference the PICC
450(1)
18.3.3 General Techniques of the Chinese Legislators
451(1)
18.3.4 Common Ground between the PICC and the CCL
451(1)
18.3.4.1 Scope of Application
452(1)
18.3.4.2 General Principles
452(1)
18.3.4.3 Offer and Acceptance
453(1)
18.3.4.4 Standard Terms
454(1)
18.3.4.5 Negotiations in Bad Faith
454(1)
18.3.4.6 Interpretation of Contract and Omitted Terms
455(1)
18.3.4.7 Performance of Implied Obligations
455(1)
18.3.4.8 Liability for Breach of Contract
455(1)
18.4 Deviations between the CCL and the PICC
456(3)
18.4.1 Social-Economic Reasons: `Chinese Characteristics'
456(1)
18.4.1.1 Examples
456(1)
18.4.1.2 Reasons for and Practical Relevance of the `Chinese Characteristics'
457(1)
18.4.2 Supplementation of the CCL Due to Different Legal Convictions
458(1)
18.4.3 Omission of Transplantation Due to Different Legal Convictions
458(1)
18.4.3.1 Hardship
458(1)
18.4.3.2 Compensation for Loss
459(1)
18.5 The Continuing Influence of the PICC on the CCL: The PICC as a Supplement
459(5)
18.5.1 Incorporation of the PICC into the Contract as Contract Terms
460(1)
18.5.2 The PICC as Trade Usage
460(4)
18.6 The Influence of the PICC on the CCL: The PICC as an Interpretation Tool
464(1)
18.7 Conclusion
464(2)
19 CCL and CISG: A Comparative Analysis of Formation, Performance, and Breach
466(35)
19.1 Introduction
466(1)
19.2 Formation of Contract
467(15)
19.2.1 Formal Requirements
469(1)
19.2.2 Offer and Acceptance Rules
470(8)
19.2.3 Agreement and Filling in Gaps in Content
478(3)
19.2.4 Incorporating Standard Terms
481(1)
19.3 Performance
482(7)
19.3.1 Seller's Obligations
482(1)
19.3.1.1 Place of Delivery
482(1)
19.3.1.2 Time of Delivery
483(1)
19.3.1.3 Handing over of Documents
484(1)
19.3.1.4 Conformity of Goods and Third-Party Rights
485(2)
19.3.2 Buyer's Obligations
487(1)
19.3.2.1 Payment of Price
487(1)
19.3.2.2 Notice of Non-conformity and Third-Party Rights
488(1)
19.3.2.3 Preservation of Goods
489(1)
19.4 Breach of Contract
489(11)
19.4.1 Fundamental Breach
490(2)
19.4.2 Anticipatory Breach and Defense of Insecurity
492(2)
19.4.2.1 Shortcomings of the Dual System: Anticipatory Breach and Defense of Insecurity
494(2)
19.4.3 Excuse for Nonperformance
496(4)
19.5 Conclusion
500(1)
Index 501
Larry A. DiMatteo is Huber Hurst Professor of Contract Law at the University of Florida. He is the author or editor of over 100 articles and chapters and eleven books. He has been the University of Florida's Teacher-Scholar of the Year, Editor-in-Chief of the American Business Law Journal, Fulbright Professor, and Leverhulme Trust Grant Professor (UK). Lei Chen is Associate Professor and Associate Dean in the School of Law of the City University of Hong Kong. His fields of research include property theory, Chinese contract law, Hong Kong land law, Chinese legal history and comparative law. He is an elected member of the International Academy of Comparative Law and a fellow of the European Law Institute.
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