There is considerable evidence suggesting that chronic cigarette smoking has adverse health effects: it is the major cause of disease and death in developed countries, inducing several kinds of cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease and severe vascular pathologies. Cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for diffuse atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular lesions, renal microvessels being another potential target. Furthermore, the relationships of chronic cigarette smoking and nitric oxide with endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease are well proven, and the association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and vascular disease and their dependence on chronic tobacco smoking has been stressed. But although there is definite evidence that the risk of progression of acquired or genetic renal disease is higher in chronic cigarette smokers and the negative effect on patient survival in chronic dialytic treatment is well known, these issues are still neglected by clinical nephrologists and the mechanisms involved have not yet been classified. It is for these reasons that the present volume has been put together: the questions addressed will be of particular interest to renal researchers working on an experimental basis as well as for oncologists and toxicologists.
The cultural history of smoking, E. Ritz and S.R. Orth; smoking and
health, with a note on kidney cancer, A. Tavani and C. La Vecchia; effects of
cigarette smoking on systemic haemodynamics, G. Grassi, G. Seravalle et al;
acute effects of cigarette smoking on renal haemodynamics, E. Ritz and U.
Benck; effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the kidney, G. Gambaro, G.
Bertaglia et al; effect of cigarette smoking on renal function and vascular
endothelium, G. Remuzzi; cigarette smoking, DNA variants in endothelial
nitric oxide synthase gene and vascular disease, X.L. Wang; ischemic renal
disease - impact of cardiovascular risk factors and smoking, B. Baggio;
cigarette smoking and early stage primary renal disease, H. Schiffl, S.M.
Lang and A. Bergner; cigarette smoking and diabetic nephropathy, M.
Krimholtz, S. Thomas and G.C. Vibreti; cigarette smoking and other inhaled
toxins in anti-GBM disease, M. Herody, C. Duvic et al; cigarette smoking and
pauci-immune extracapillary glomerulonephritis with ANCA-associated
idiopathic systemic vasculitis - a retrospective study, A. Sessa, M. Meroni
et al; smoking as a risk factor for end-stage renal failure in patients with
primary renal disease, S.R. Orth, G. Odoni et al; effect of smoking on
urinary NOx and cGMP excretion in IgA nephropathy and in health, T. Kovacs,
T. Vas et al; lipoperoxidation in haemodialysis patients - upregulation of
5-lipoxygenase activity and expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells,
T. Taccone-Gallucci, M. Maccarrone et al; tobacco smoking and renal-cell
carcinoma - an overview, P. Bulgheroni, D. Costa et al.
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