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E-raamat: Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices

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  • Formaat: 210 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: River Publishers
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000791495
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Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable DevicesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 210 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: River Publishers
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000791495
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Implantable devices are a unique area for circuit designers. A comprehensive understanding of design trade-offs at the system level is important to ensure device success. Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices provides knowledge to CMOS circuit designers with limited biomedical background to help them understand design challenges and trade-offs for implantable devices, especially neural interfacing.

Technical topics discussed in the book include:
- Neural interface
- Neural sensing amplifiers
- Electrical stimulation
- Embedded Signal Analysis
- Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants
- Next Generation Neural Interface Electronics
Preface ix
List of Contributors
xi
List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xxiii
List of Abbreviations
xxv
1 Introduction
1(16)
Peng Cong
1.1 Implantable Devices
1(2)
1.2 Neural Interface
3(2)
1.3 Circuit Design Considerations for Neural Sensing
5(2)
1.4 Circuit Design Considerations for Stimulation
7(4)
1.5 Closed-Loop System
11(1)
1.6 RF Powering and Data Telemetry for Implantable Devices
12(5)
References
15(2)
2 Neural Stimulation and Interface
17(20)
Kunal Paralikar
2.1 Neuronal Element
17(10)
2.1.1 Neuron Structure
17(2)
2.1.2 Neuron: Electrical Characteristics
19(1)
2.1.2.1 Membrane model and resting membrane potential
20(2)
2.1.2.2 Action potential
22(2)
2.1.3 Neuron: Cable Equation
24(3)
2.2 Tissue Element
27(1)
2.3 Electrode-Tissue Element
28(6)
2.3.1 Mechanism of Charge Transfer
29(1)
2.3.1.1 Charge injection
30(1)
2.3.2 Electrode Properties and Materials
31(1)
2.3.3 Limits to Electrical Stimulation
32(2)
2.4 Discussion: Bringing it All Together
34(3)
References
35(2)
3 Front-End Sensing Amplifiers
37(16)
You Zou
3.1 System Level Architecture
37(2)
3.2 Current Mirror-Based OTA
39(1)
3.3 Folded-Cascode OTA
40(4)
3.4 Complementary-Input OTA
44(4)
3.5 Current Reuse OTA
48(1)
3.6 Reconfigurable OTA
49(4)
References
52(1)
4 Circuits for Neural Stimulation
53(18)
Peng Cong
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Stimulation Waveform
54(3)
4.3 Circuit Design for Stimulation
57(11)
4.3.1 Circuit Design
57(5)
4.3.2 Safety Consideration
62(1)
4.3.2.1 Charge balance
62(2)
4.3.2.2 Electrode safety consideration
64(3)
4.3.2.3 Neuron safety consideration
67(1)
4.4 Summary
68(3)
References
68(3)
5 Embedded Signal Analysis
71(34)
Z. Wang
N. Verma
5.1 Introduction
71(2)
5.2 Challenges in Medical-Signal Analysis
73(2)
5.3 Data-Driven Medical-Signal Analysis
75(2)
5.4 Overview of Inference Systems
77(5)
5.4.1 Feature Extraction
77(3)
5.4.2 Inference
80(2)
5.5 Specialized Inference Algorithms and Processors
82(10)
5.5.1 Rationale
82(2)
5.5.2 Classifier Configurability
84(1)
5.5.2.1 Inference models
85(1)
5.5.2.2 Model parameters
86(2)
5.5.2.3 Classification meta-algorithms
88(2)
5.5.2.4 Active learning
90(2)
5.6 Training for Low-Energy Systems
92(8)
5.6.1 Model Bit Precision
93(4)
5.6.2 Dataset Imbalance
97(1)
5.6.3 Embedded Training
97(3)
5.7 Summary
100(5)
References
101(4)
6 Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants
105(36)
S. Abdollah Mirbozorgi
Maysam Ghovanloo
6.1 Introduction
105(3)
6.1.1 Free-Floating Implants (FFIs)
105(2)
6.1.2 WPT Measurement Accuracy
107(1)
6.2 Modeling and Analysis of Inductive Links
108(3)
6.3 Design Procedure
111(9)
6.3.1 System Configuration and HFSS Simulation
112(1)
6.3.2 Inductive Link Design Rules
113(5)
6.3.3 Coil Segmentation
118(1)
6.3.4 SAR Calculations
119(1)
6.4 Experimental Results
120(11)
6.4.1 Implementation and Setup
120(4)
6.4.2 Wireless Link Measurement Methods
124(3)
6.4.3 Measurement Results
127(4)
6.5 Practical Aspects of the FFIs
131(3)
6.6 Conclusion
134(7)
References
135(6)
7 Next Generation Neural Interface Electronics
141(38)
Ian Williams
Lieuwe Leene
Timothy G. Constandinou
7.1 Introduction
141(3)
7.1.1 Today's Neural Interfaces
141(1)
7.1.2 The Neural Interface of the Near Future
142(2)
7.2 Sensing Neural Activity
144(5)
7.2.1 Power Density Target for High Channel Count Recording
144(3)
7.2.2 Emerging Technologies
147(1)
7.2.2.1 Advanced CMOS technologies
147(1)
7.2.2.2 Chemical sensing
148(1)
7.2.2.3 Optical sensing
149(1)
7.3 Signal Processing
149(5)
7.3.1 Single Neuron Processing
149(4)
7.3.2 Population Level Processing
153(1)
7.3.3 Signal Processing Summary
154(1)
7.4 Neuromodulation
154(12)
7.4.1 Existing Approaches: Issues and Challenges
157(1)
7.4.1.1 Current controlled stimulators
157(1)
7.4.1.2 Voltage controlled stimulators
158(1)
7.4.1.3 Charge controlled stimulators
158(1)
7.4.2 Trends and Limits
158(1)
7.4.2.1 Channel count and size trends
158(1)
7.4.2.2 Power consumption trends
159(2)
7.4.2.3 Charge balancing
161(1)
7.4.3 System on Chip
162(1)
7.4.4 Alternative Approaches and Modalities
163(1)
7.4.4.1 Optogenetics
164(1)
7.4.4.2 Acoustic/Mechanical
164(1)
7.4.4.3 Thermal
165(1)
7.4.5 Neuromodulation Summary
165(1)
7.5 Discussion
166(13)
References
167(12)
Index 179(4)
About the Editor 183
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