Foreword |
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xiii | |
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Preface |
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xvii | |
About the Author |
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xxxi | |
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Chapter 1 Who Are Multilingual Learners And Why Assess In Multiple Languages? |
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1 | (25) |
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The Dilemma: But the term English learners doesn't accentuate what our students can do! |
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2 | (2) |
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What Is the Terminology (and Labels) for Multilingual Learners and Their Tie to Assessment? |
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4 | (4) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (4) |
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What Are the Prevailing Theories of Language Learning? |
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8 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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What Is a Framework for Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages? |
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11 | (1) |
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How Might We Create a Language and Assessment Policy? |
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12 | (1) |
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The Big Question: Why Assess in Multiple Languages? |
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13 | (3) |
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Engaging Multilingual Learners in Assessment |
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14 | (2) |
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What Is Assessment as, for, and of Learning for Multilingual Learners in Multiple Languages? |
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16 | (2) |
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What Are Some Tips for Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages? |
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18 | (1) |
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How Might We Face the Issue? Instill an Assets-Driven Philosophy in Your Classroom or School! |
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19 | (1) |
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For Younger Multilingual Learners |
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19 | (1) |
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For Older Multilingual Learners |
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19 | (1) |
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For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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How Might We Resolve the Dilemma? Accentuate What Multilingual Learners Can Do! |
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20 | (1) |
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Resources for Multilingual Learners, Their Teachers, and Other School Leaders |
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Resource 1.1 For Teachers and Their Multilingual Learners: Our Classroom Language and Assessment Policy |
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21 | (1) |
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Resource 1.2 For Multilingual Learners: My Language Policy |
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22 | (1) |
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Resource 1.3 For Multilingual Learners: My Personal Portrait |
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23 | (1) |
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Resource 1.4 For Multilingual Learners and Their Teachers: My Classroom Portrait |
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24 | (1) |
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Resource 1.5 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: My Personal Use of Assessment as, for, and of Learning |
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25 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 How Do We Get Started With Assessment In Multiple Languages? |
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26 | (32) |
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The Dilemma: But I only speak English... someone needs to translate! |
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26 | (4) |
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How Do We Begin to Think About Assessment for Multilingual Learners in Multiple Languages? |
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30 | (1) |
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What Comes Next in Assessing in Multiple Languages? |
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31 | (4) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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For Multilingual Learners |
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35 | (1) |
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How Is Classroom Assessment as, for, and of Learning Useful? |
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35 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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How Do Standards Impact Assessment in Multiple Languages? |
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37 | (2) |
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How Is Assessment in Multiple Languages Related to Curriculum Design? |
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39 | (2) |
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Where Does Translanguaging Fit Into Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment? |
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41 | (1) |
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How Might We Face the Issue? Create a Multilingual Resource Bank |
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42 | (1) |
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For Younger Multilingual Learners |
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42 | (1) |
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For Older Multilingual Learners |
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43 | (1) |
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For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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How Might We Resolve the Dilemma? Enlist Multilinguals in the Assessment Process! |
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43 | (2) |
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Resources for Multilingual Learners, Their Teachers, and Other Instructional Leaders |
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Resource 2.1 For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders: A Planning Sheet for Assessment in Multiple Languages |
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45 | (2) |
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Resource 2.2 For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders: Planning the Flow of Assessment Data for Multilingual Learners Throughout the School Year |
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47 | (1) |
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Resource 2.3 For Multilingual Learners: My Multilingual Language Portrait |
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48 | (3) |
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Resource 2.4 For Multilingual Learners: A Sample Oral Language Use Survey for Multilingual Learners |
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51 | (2) |
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Resource 2.5 For Multilingual Learners: A Sample Literacy Survey for Multilingual Learners |
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53 | (2) |
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Resource 2.6 For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders: Guidelines for Collecting Oral and Written Language Samples in Multiple Languages |
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55 | (1) |
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Resource 2.7 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: Considerations for Assessment in Multiple Languages: A Checklist and Rating Scale |
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56 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Planning Classroom Assessment In Multiple Languages |
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58 | (27) |
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The Dilemma: But my students just socialize in their home language! |
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58 | (2) |
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What Does Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages Entail? |
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60 | (3) |
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Additional Purposes for Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages |
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61 | (2) |
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How Is Classroom Assessment an Expression of Curriculum Design? |
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63 | (8) |
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Features of Effective Curricula for Multilingual Learners |
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64 | (1) |
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A Model of Curriculum Design for Multilingual Learners |
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65 | (1) |
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Planning Assessment for a Unit of Learning in Multiple Languages: An Exemplar |
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65 | (6) |
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Planning Classroom Assessment as, for, and of Learning for Curriculum and Instruction |
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71 | (4) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Lesson Planning in Multiple Languages Within a Unit of Learning |
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73 | (2) |
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Where Does Translanguaging Fit in Planning Assessment? |
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75 | (1) |
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How Might We Face the Issue? Ask Questions and Listen to Your Students! |
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76 | (1) |
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For Younger Multilingual Learners |
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76 | (1) |
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For Older Multilingual Learners |
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76 | (1) |
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For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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How Might We Resolve the Dilemma? Put Trust in Your Multilingual Learners! |
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77 | (2) |
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Resources for Multilingual Learners, Teachers, and Other School Leaders |
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Resource 3.1 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: Purposes for Classroom Assessment |
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79 | (1) |
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Resource 3.2 For Teachers of Multilingual Learners: Connecting Purposes for Assessment, the Final Project, and the First Week's Lessons |
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80 | (1) |
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Resource 3.3 For Teachers and Multilingual Learners: The Connection Among Purposes for Assessment, the Final Project, and the First Week's Lessons |
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81 | (1) |
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Resource 3.4 For School Leaders and Teachers: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Assessment in Curriculum Design for Multilingual Learners: A Rating Scale |
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82 | (1) |
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Resource 3.5 For Teachers and Coaches: Planning Assessment in Multiple Languages for a Unit of Learning |
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83 | (1) |
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Resource 3.6 For Teachers and Multilingual Learners: Planning Assessment in Multiple Languages for a Set of Lessons |
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84 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Collecting And Organizing Assessment Information In Multiple Languages |
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85 | (36) |
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The Dilemma: But my colleagues and school leaders simply don't understand the value of multilingualism! |
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85 | (3) |
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Why Match Data to the Purposes for Assessment? |
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88 | (1) |
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What Resources Enhance Instruction and Assessment in Multiple Languages? |
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89 | (8) |
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Thinking About Multimodal Resources in Data Collection for Multilingual Learners |
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90 | (3) |
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Thinking About Translanguaging in the Data Collection Phase |
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93 | (2) |
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Thinking About Multiliteracies When Assessing in Multiple Languages |
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95 | (2) |
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How Might We Collect and Organize Student Samples in Multiple Languages? |
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97 | (7) |
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Collecting Receptive Language Data: Observing Student Interaction During Content Instruction |
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98 | (1) |
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Collecting Productive Language Data: Gathering Student Samples During Content Instruction |
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99 | (2) |
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Collecting Data During Distance Learning |
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101 | (1) |
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Organizing Data in Multiple Languages |
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102 | (2) |
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How Might We Face the Issue? Connect With Multilingual Families, Communities, and Other Educators |
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104 | (2) |
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For Younger Multilingual Learners |
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104 | (1) |
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For Older Multilingual Learners |
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105 | (1) |
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For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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How Might We Resolve the Dilemma? Annotate Data From Your Multilingual Learners! |
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106 | (1) |
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Resources for Multilingual Learners, Their Teachers, and Other Instructional Leaders |
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Resource 4.1 For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders: Matching the Purpose for Classroom Assessment With Data |
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107 | (1) |
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Resource 4.2 For Instructional Coaches and Teachers: A Checklist for Scaffolding Instruction and Assessment in Multiple Languages |
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108 | (1) |
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Resource 4.3 For Multilingual Learners: Using Images for Data Collection |
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109 | (1) |
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Resource 4.4 For Teachers and Multilingual Learners: Categorizing Student Samples of Multimodal Communication and Multiliteracies as Assessment as, for, and of Learning |
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110 | (1) |
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Resource 4.5 For Teachers of Multilingual Learners: An Inventory of Receptive Language Activities |
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111 | (2) |
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Resource 4.6 For Multilingual Learners: When I Listen, Read, and View |
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113 | (2) |
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Resource 4.7 For Teachers of Multilingual Learners: An Inventory of Activities for Speaking, Writing, and Illustrating |
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115 | (2) |
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Resource 4.8 For Older Multilingual Learners: When I Speak, Write, and Illustrate |
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117 | (2) |
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Resource 4.9 For Teachers of Multilingual Learners: Collecting and Organizing Receptive and Productive Data in Multiple Languages |
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119 | (1) |
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Resource 4.10 For Teachers and Multilingual Learners: Collecting Language Samples Representing Assessment as, for, and of Learning |
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120 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Interpreting Information And Providing Feedback In Multiple Languages |
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121 | (25) |
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The Dilemma: But learning in multiple languages confuses students and teachers alike! |
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121 | (2) |
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How Might We Interpret Everyday Classroom Data in Multiple Languages? |
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123 | (7) |
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Generating and Interpreting Data From Classroom Observation |
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124 | (3) |
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Generating and Interpreting Data From Multimodal Communication and Multiliteracies |
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127 | (1) |
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Generating and Interpreting Data From Translanguaging |
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128 | (2) |
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What Are Some Strategies for Interpreting Literacy Data? |
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130 | (3) |
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Interpreting Literacy Through Content |
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130 | (3) |
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Student Self-Assessment of Character Traits: Interpreting Social-Emotional Learning |
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133 | (1) |
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How Might We Interpret Long-Term Projects in Multiple Languages? |
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133 | (1) |
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What Is the Role of Feedback in Classroom Assessment in Multiple Languages? |
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134 | (5) |
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Giving Content-Related Feedback |
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137 | (1) |
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Giving Language-Related Feedback |
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137 | (2) |
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What Is the Role of Collaboration in Interpreting Assessment Information? |
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139 | (1) |
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How Might We Face the Issue? Create an International Network of Educators |
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139 | (2) |
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For Younger Multilingual Learners |
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140 | (1) |
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For Older Multilingual Learners |
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140 | (1) |
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For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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How Might We Resolve the Dilemma? Believe in Your Students as Learners! |
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141 | (1) |
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Resources for Multilingual Learners, Their Teachers, and Other Instructional Leaders |
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Resource 5.1 For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders: Collecting and Recording Information on Multilingual Learners' Language, Literacy, and Translanguaging Practices |
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142 | (1) |
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Resource 5.2 For Instructional Leaders and Older Multilingual Learners: Student Milestones Based on Observational Notes |
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143 | (1) |
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Resource 5.3 For Multilingual Learners: A Rating Scale for Interpreting Text in Multiple Languages |
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144 | (1) |
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Resource 5.4 For Multilingual Learners: How I Learn |
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145 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Evaluating And Reporting Assessment Information In Multiple Languages |
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146 | (28) |
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The Dilemma: But the same grading policy for all students, including multilingual learners, just doesn't make sense! |
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147 | (2) |
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What Is the Basis for Evaluating Information From Assessment in Multiple Languages? |
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149 | (1) |
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Rethinking Evaluating and Reporting Based on Assessment in Multiple Languages |
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150 | (1) |
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How Might We Report Assessment Results? |
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151 | (1) |
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Student Self-Reflection and Self-Reports: Assessment as Learning |
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152 | (5) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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Classroom-Generated Reports: Assessment for Learning |
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157 | (1) |
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Unit-Level Reports: Assessment of Learning |
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158 | (1) |
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How Is Grading a Form of Evaluation? |
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159 | (5) |
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Grading Multilingual Learners |
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161 | (3) |
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How Might We Resolve the Dilemma? Make Sure Multilingual Learners Are Represented in Grading Practices! |
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164 | (1) |
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Grading Multilingual Learners in Times of Stress and Hardship |
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164 | (1) |
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How Can Teacher Collaboration Improve Grading Practices? |
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165 | (2) |
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How Might We Face the Issue? Evaluate Multilingual Learners and Multilingual Learners With Disabilities in the Context of Their Goals for Learning |
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167 | (1) |
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For Younger Multilingual Learners |
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167 | (1) |
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For Older Multilingual Learners |
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167 | (1) |
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For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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How Might We Face the Dilemma? Make Sure Grading Practices Are Geared for Multilingual Learners |
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168 | (1) |
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Resources for Multilingual Learners, Their Teachers, and Other Instructional Leaders |
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Resource 6.1 For Multilingual Learners: A Rating Scale for Evaluating Assessment Tasks and Tests |
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169 | (1) |
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Resource 6.2 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: Analyzing Grading Practices and Policies of Multilingual Learners in Multiple Languages |
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170 | (1) |
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Resource 6.3 For Teachers and Multilingual Learners: Think-Aloud Questions for Building Metacognitive Awareness |
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171 | (1) |
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Resource 6.4 For Multilingual Learners: A Self-Evaluation Tool |
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172 | (1) |
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Resource 6.5 For Multilingual Learners: Language, Conceptual, and Social-Emotional Development for a Unit of Learning |
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173 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Taking Action Based On Assessment Results In Multiple Languages |
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174 | (29) |
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The Dilemma: But assessment for multilingual learners is only in one language; what can we do to know who our students really are and what they can do? |
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174 | (3) |
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What Are the Assets That Multilingual Learners Bring to Classroom Assessment? |
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177 | (3) |
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Teachers Taking Action on Behalf of Their Multilingual Learners (Even If Only Knowledgeable in English) |
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178 | (2) |
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How Might We Strengthen Your Stance for Taking Action Through Assessment as, for, and of Learning? |
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180 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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How Might We Take Action Through Reflective Practice? |
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183 | (5) |
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Reflective Practices of Teachers and Multilingual Learners |
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184 | (1) |
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Action Research by Teachers Throughout the Assessment Cycle |
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185 | (2) |
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Questioning by Students in Multiple Languages |
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187 | (1) |
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Becoming Assessment Literate: A Schoolwide Action |
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188 | (1) |
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Strength in Action for Large-Scale Assessment of Learning |
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188 | (1) |
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How Can Stakeholders Take Action Based on Assessment Results? |
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189 | (2) |
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Taking Action: Infusing Multilingualism and Multiculturalism in Curriculum, Instruction, and Classroom Assessment |
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190 | (1) |
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How Might We Face the Issue? Take Action to Make Assessment Equitable for Multilingual Learners! |
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191 | (1) |
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For Younger Multilingual Learners |
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191 | (1) |
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For Older Multilingual Learners |
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191 | (1) |
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For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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How Might We Resolve the Dilemma? Assess Multilingual Learners in Multiple Languages! |
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192 | (2) |
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Resources for Multilingual Learners, Teachers, and Other School Leaders |
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Resource 7.1 For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders: Making Assessment Plans for Assessment in Multiple Languages |
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194 | (1) |
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Resource 7.2 For Teachers and Other Instructional Leaders: Assessment as, for, and of Learning in Multiple Languages Throughout the Assessment Cycle |
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195 | (1) |
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Resource 7.3 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: Engaging in Action Research |
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196 | (1) |
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Resource 7.4 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: Taking Action Classroom by Classroom |
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197 | (1) |
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Resource 7.5 For Multilingual Learners: What Students Can Do: Taking Action Based on Classroom Assessment Results |
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198 | (1) |
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Resource 7.6 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: Taking Action on Behalf of Multilingual Learners |
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199 | (1) |
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Resource 7.7 For Teachers and Other School Leaders: Taking Action Based on Assessment Results |
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200 | (3) |
Glossary |
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203 | (6) |
References |
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209 | (12) |
Index |
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221 | |