Preface |
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vii | |
Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
Contributors |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 Evidence-Based Medicine and the Medical Literature |
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1 | (16) |
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Section 1 The Analysis of Medical Literature |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Relevance to Clinical Practice |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (7) |
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Randomized Controlled Trials |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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Section 2 Principles of Laboratory Investigation |
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13 | (2) |
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Reporting of Laboratory Values: Sensitivity and Specificity |
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13 | (2) |
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Influential Factors on Laboratory Test Results |
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15 | (1) |
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The Concepts of Primary and Secondary Prevention |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (30) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (6) |
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Hypertension Pathophysiology |
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18 | (5) |
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Definitions of Hypertension |
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23 | (1) |
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Diagnosis of Hypertension |
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23 | (5) |
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Essential and Secondary Hypertension |
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25 | (3) |
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Hypertensive Urgency and Emergency |
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28 | (1) |
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Clinical Impacts of Hypertension |
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28 | (4) |
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32 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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Hypertension: Blood Pressure Treatment Goal |
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32 | (1) |
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Barriers to Hypertension Treatment |
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33 | (1) |
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Approach to Hypertension Treatment |
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33 | (1) |
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Hypertension in the Modern Era of Cardiovascular Medicine |
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34 | (1) |
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Drug Therapy |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Clinical Effects and Indications |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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Clinical Effects and Indications |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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Clinical Effects and Indications |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Clinical Effects and Indications |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (5) |
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Clinical Effects and Indications |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Lipid Disorders, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cardiac Testing |
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47 | (42) |
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Section 1 Cardiac Testing |
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48 | (1) |
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Systolic and Diastolic Function |
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49 | (1) |
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Introduction to the Electrocardiogram |
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49 | (9) |
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52 | (1) |
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Conduction Blocks and Delays |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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The Cardiac Physical Exam |
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61 | (1) |
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Section 2 Lipid Disorders |
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62 | (1) |
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Cholesterol Homeostasis and Measurement |
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62 | (3) |
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Diagnosis of Dyslipidemias |
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65 | (1) |
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Ocular Manifestations of Dyslipidemia |
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66 | (2) |
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Treatment of Dyslipidemias |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia |
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69 | (5) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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Risk Factor Assessment for Arteriosclerosis |
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77 | (1) |
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Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis |
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77 | (6) |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Peripheral Vascular Disease |
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82 | (1) |
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Overview of Risk Determination and Prevention |
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83 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 Intrinsic Cardiovascular Disorders |
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89 | (24) |
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Section 1 Cardiac Valvular Disease |
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89 | (7) |
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91 | (1) |
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Aortic Valve Insufficiency |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Mitral Valve Insufficiency |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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Section 2 Cardiac Complications of Infectious Diseases |
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96 | (6) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (5) |
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Section 3 Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction |
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105 | (1) |
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Left and Right Heart Failure |
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106 | (1) |
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Treatments for Heart Failure |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Section 4 Cardiac Arrhythmia and Embolic Stroke |
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108 | (5) |
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Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillation |
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108 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 Diabetes Mellitus |
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113 | (28) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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Pathophysiology: Hormones and Glucose Homeostasis |
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116 | (1) |
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Insulin Deficiency and Ketone Production |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Diagnosis and Medical Testing in Diabetes |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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Clinical Presentation of Diabetes |
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120 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Complications of Diabetes |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (7) |
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124 | (3) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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Dermatological and Infectious Disease |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (9) |
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141 | (42) |
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141 | (10) |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (3) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (12) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (2) |
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (6) |
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163 | (9) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (5) |
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172 | (1) |
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Section 4 Calcium and Osteoporosis |
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172 | (11) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (6) |
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Chapter 7 Gastroenterology |
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183 | (18) |
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Basics of G1 Imaging And Therapy |
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183 | (1) |
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Testing in Gastroenterology |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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Description and Pathogenesis |
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187 | (1) |
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Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer Disease |
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187 | (1) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Peptic Ulcer Disease |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
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189 | (5) |
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Description and Pathogenesis |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Extraintestinal Manifestations |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance |
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194 | (3) |
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Description and Pathogenesis |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (4) |
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Description and Pathogenesis |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Hematology and Oncology |
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201 | (60) |
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202 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Lab Testing in Hematology |
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204 | (3) |
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Diseases of Formed Elements of the Blood |
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207 | (18) |
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Disorders of Red Blood Cells |
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208 | (8) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (6) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (3) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (3) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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Ocular Manifestations in Systemic Cancer |
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250 | (6) |
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Cancer Metastasis to the Globe, Orbit, and Efferent Visual Pathway |
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250 | (3) |
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Paraneoplastic Disease of the Globe and Efferent Visual Pathway |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Infectious Diseases |
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261 | (56) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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Pneumonia and Pneumonitis |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (2) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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Meningitis and Encephalitis |
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270 | (5) |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (6) |
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285 | (6) |
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (3) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (9) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (3) |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (17) |
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301 | (4) |
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305 | (12) |
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317 | (36) |
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Section 1 Epidemiology and Diagnosis |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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Modes of Transmission, Risk Behaviors, and Statistics |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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Section 2 Symptoms and Stages of HIV Infection |
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320 | (1) |
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The Relationship Between HIV Viral Load and CD4 Counts |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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Endogenous and Exogenous Organisms: From Normal Flora to Pathogens |
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322 | (2) |
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How Diseases Behave in HIV-Positive Persons |
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324 | (3) |
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CD4 Count and Associated Diseases, Prevention, and Treatments |
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327 | (1) |
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AIDS-Associated Infections |
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327 | (9) |
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336 | (2) |
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Section 4 HIV-Associated Diseases |
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338 | (1) |
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HIV-Related Diseases Affecting the Eye and Vision |
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339 | (3) |
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Section 5 Vaccinations, Screening, and Primary Care of the HIV-infected Patient |
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342 | (1) |
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Section 6 Treatment and Prevention of HIV |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (9) |
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Timing of ART and Potential Complications: IRIS |
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346 | (1) |
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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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HIV Vaccines and Cure Strategies |
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348 | (5) |
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353 | (40) |
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Assessment of Rheumatologic Disease and Common Rheumatologic Tests |
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353 | (4) |
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Rheumatologic Diseases and Their Ocular Manifestations |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (6) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis |
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357 | (1) |
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Ocular Giant Cell Arteritis |
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358 | (1) |
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Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis |
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359 | (4) |
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Giant Cell Arteritis Treatment |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatica |
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364 | (1) |
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Polymyalgia Rheumatica Diagnosis |
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364 | (1) |
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Polymyalgia Rheumatica Treatment |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (4) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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365 | (1) |
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Ocular Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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365 | (3) |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis |
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368 | (1) |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment |
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368 | (1) |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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369 | (5) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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369 | (1) |
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Ocular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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370 | (3) |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis |
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373 | (1) |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (3) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Sjogren Syndrome |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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Sjogren Syndrome Diagnosis |
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376 | (1) |
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Sjogren Syndrome Treatment |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (5) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoidosis |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (4) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Spondyloarthritis |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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Spondyloarthritis Diagnosis |
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384 | (1) |
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Spondyloarthritis Treatment |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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Signs and Symptoms of Osteoarthritis |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (6) |
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Limited Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms |
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387 | (1) |
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Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms |
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388 | (1) |
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Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis |
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389 | (1) |
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Systemic Sclerosis Treatment |
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389 | (4) |
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393 | (52) |
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393 | (3) |
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Approach to Vision Loss From Cerebrovascular Disease |
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396 | (12) |
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397 | (3) |
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Cerebrovascular Ophthalmoplegia |
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400 | (3) |
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Transient Monocular Vision Loss |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (2) |
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Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy |
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405 | (2) |
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Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (2) |
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410 | (3) |
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413 | (4) |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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Neoplastic Ophthalmoplegia |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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Primary Headache Syndromes |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (3) |
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422 | (1) |
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Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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Secondary Headache Syndromes |
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424 | (1) |
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Headache Secondary to Elevated Intracranial Pressure |
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424 | (6) |
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Headache Secondary to Vascular Disorders |
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430 | (2) |
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Headache Secondary to Intracranial Mass Lesions |
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432 | (1) |
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Headache Secondary to Disorders of the Eye |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (11) |
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Optic Neuritis and Multiple Sclerosis |
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436 | (9) |
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445 | (22) |
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445 | (3) |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (3) |
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Dermatological Manifestation of Dyslipidemias |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | (15) |
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452 | (2) |
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Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
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454 | (3) |
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457 | (10) |
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467 | (14) |
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Section 1 Asthma and Allergic Disease |
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467 | (5) |
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Section 2 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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|
472 | (1) |
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Section 3 Common Pulmonary Medications for Asthma and COPD |
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473 | (3) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists |
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475 | (1) |
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Section 4 Cystic Fibrosis |
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|
476 | (5) |
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Chapter 15 Neuroimaging: Diagnostic Imaging of the Orbit and Visual Pathway |
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|
481 | (22) |
|
Imaging Modalities and Basic Principles |
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481 | (5) |
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482 | (1) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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|
482 | (3) |
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485 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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|
486 | (3) |
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Imaging of Orbital Abnormalities |
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489 | (9) |
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Imaging of Sellar, Suprasellar, and Cavernous Sinus Abnormalities |
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|
498 | (2) |
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500 | (3) |
Index |
|
503 | |