| Contributors |
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xxv | |
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SECTION 1 BASIC NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AND AN INTRODUCTION TO ANALYSIS OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC WAVEFORMS |
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Electricity and Electronics for Clinical Neurophysiology |
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5 | (16) |
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Basic Principles and Definitions in Electricity |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (2) |
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Resistive-Capacitive and Resistive-Inductive Circuits |
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9 | (1) |
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Circuits Containing Inductors and Capacitors |
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10 | (4) |
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14 | (2) |
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Transistors and Amplifiers |
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16 | (5) |
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Electric Safety in the Laboratory and Hospital |
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21 | (12) |
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21 | (1) |
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Electric Power Distribution Systems |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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25 | (2) |
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Electric Safety Principles and Implementation |
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27 | (3) |
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Electric Stimulation Safety |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (1) |
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Sources of Electrical Potentials |
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34 | (4) |
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Current Sources: Monopoles, Dipoles, and Quadrupoles |
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38 | (3) |
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Volume Conduction Theory: Electric Properties in Volume Conductors |
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41 | (2) |
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Applications of Volume Conduction Principles |
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43 | (10) |
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Digital Signal Processing |
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53 | (16) |
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Digital Computers in Clinical Neurophysiology |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (3) |
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Common Uses of Digital Processing |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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Time and Frequency Domain Analysis |
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63 | (6) |
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Basics of Neurophysiology |
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69 | (28) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (7) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (4) |
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82 | (6) |
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88 | (5) |
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93 | (4) |
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Electrophysiologic Generators in Clinical Neurophysiology |
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97 | (6) |
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97 | (6) |
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103 | (16) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (2) |
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Combinations of Continuous Waveforms and Events |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Physiologic Alteration of Waveforms |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (8) |
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SECTION 2 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF NEURAL FUNCTION |
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Assessment of Cortical Function |
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Electroencephalography: Adult, Normal, and Benign Variants |
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119 | (18) |
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119 | (1) |
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Recording the Electroencephalogram |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (1) |
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Normal Eeg Activity of Adults |
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124 | (6) |
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130 | (7) |
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137 | (14) |
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Introduction and Overviwe of Epileptiform Activity |
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137 | (1) |
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Specific Focal Interictal Discharges |
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138 | (3) |
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Generalized Epileptiform Patterns |
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141 | (4) |
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145 | (3) |
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Epileptiform Activity with a Potential Seizure Association |
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148 | (3) |
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Adult Eeg: Abnormal Nonepileptiform Activity |
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151 | (16) |
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151 | (1) |
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Types of Eeg Abnormalities |
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152 | (2) |
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Focal Intracranial Processes Causing Eeg Abnormalities |
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154 | (5) |
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Electroencephalographic Manifestations of Diffuse Disorders |
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159 | (5) |
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Evaluation for Suspected Brain Death |
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164 | (3) |
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Electroencephalography: Electroencephalograms of Infants and Children |
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167 | (20) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (5) |
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Developmental Changes During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence |
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173 | (2) |
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Benign Variants in Children |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (12) |
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Ambulatory Electroencephalography |
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187 | (6) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (4) |
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Prolonged Video Electroencephalography |
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193 | (10) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (8) |
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Electroencephalographic Special Studies |
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203 | (12) |
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203 | (1) |
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Quantitative Methods of Electroencephalographic Analysis |
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203 | (8) |
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211 | (4) |
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Electroencephalography in the Surgical Evaluation of Epilepsy |
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215 | (14) |
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215 | (1) |
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Presurgical Selection and Evaluation |
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216 | (2) |
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Routine Eeg in the Surgical Evaluation of Patients with Seizures |
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218 | (1) |
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Preoperative Video-Eeg Monitoring |
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218 | (1) |
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Presurgical Evaluation with Continuous or Chronic Intracranial Monitoring |
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219 | (4) |
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Intraoperative Electrocorticography |
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223 | (6) |
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Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Event-Related Potentials |
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229 | (10) |
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Virgilio Gerald H. Evidente |
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Movement-Related Cortical Potentials |
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229 | (3) |
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232 | (7) |
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Sensory Nerve Action Potentials |
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239 | (18) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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Methods of Study of Snaps |
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243 | (4) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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Planning the Study and Findings in Diseases |
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251 | (6) |
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Somatosensory Evoked Potentials |
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257 | (24) |
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257 | (1) |
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Generators and Origin of Seps |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (8) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (12) |
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Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Central Disorders |
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281 | (14) |
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281 | (2) |
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Auditory Anatomy and Physiology |
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283 | (1) |
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Generators of the Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials |
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283 | (1) |
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Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials: Methods |
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284 | (2) |
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Factors Affecting the Baep Response |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (7) |
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Audiogram, Acoustic Reflexes, and Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions |
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295 | (10) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (3) |
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Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (2) |
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Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Peripheral Acoustic Disorders |
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305 | (6) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (16) |
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311 | (1) |
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Visual System Anatomy and Physiology |
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312 | (1) |
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Visual Evoked Potentials: Methods |
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312 | (2) |
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Factors Affecting the Vep Response |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
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Localization of Visual System Lesions |
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318 | (9) |
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Compound Muscle Action Potentials |
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327 | (42) |
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327 | (1) |
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General Clinical Applications |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (3) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (4) |
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338 | (4) |
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342 | (1) |
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Physiologic Variables Affecting the Cmap |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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Findings in Peripheral Nerve Disorders |
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346 | (23) |
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Assessing the Neuromuscular Junction with Repetitive Stimulation Studies |
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369 | (16) |
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369 | (1) |
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (5) |
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377 | (1) |
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Rapid Rates of Stimulation |
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378 | (1) |
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Selection of Nerve-Muscle Combinations |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (5) |
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385 | (18) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (6) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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Contraindications and Risks |
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395 | (8) |
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Assessing the Motor Unit with Needle Electromyography |
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403 | (48) |
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404 | (1) |
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Knowledge Base of Needle Emg |
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404 | (1) |
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Technique of Needle Examination |
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405 | (1) |
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Conducting the Needle Examination |
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405 | (4) |
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Potential Complications During Needle Examination |
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409 | (3) |
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412 | (1) |
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Needle Electrode Characteristics |
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412 | (1) |
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Skills of Emg Waveform Recognition |
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413 | (2) |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (7) |
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Abnormal Spontaneous Electric Activity |
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424 | (13) |
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Abnormal Electrical Activity---Voluntary Mups |
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437 | (8) |
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Abnormal Electrical Activity---Disorders of Central Control |
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445 | (1) |
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Patterns of Abnormalities |
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445 | (6) |
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Quantitative Electromyography |
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451 | (24) |
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451 | (2) |
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Characteristics of the Motor Unit Potential |
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453 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the Recording Equipment |
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454 | (2) |
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Properties of Mups Evaluated Using Standard Electrodes |
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456 | (4) |
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Properties of Mups Measurable Only with Special Electrodes |
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460 | (2) |
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Quantitative Analysis of Single Mups |
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462 | (5) |
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Properties of Interference Pattern and Methods of Interference Pattern Analysis |
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467 | (2) |
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Turns and Amplitude Analysis of the Interference Pattern |
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469 | (2) |
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471 | (1) |
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Automated Methods of Analysis of Spontaneous Activity |
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472 | (3) |
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Single Fiber Electromyography |
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475 | (18) |
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475 | (2) |
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477 | (6) |
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483 | (3) |
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Clinical Applications of Sfemg |
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486 | (7) |
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Quantitative Motor Unit Number Estimates |
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493 | (26) |
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493 | (2) |
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495 | (1) |
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Mune by Standard Motor Ncs |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (13) |
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510 | (9) |
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Reflexes and Central Motor Control |
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519 | (10) |
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519 | (1) |
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519 | (2) |
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521 | (3) |
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524 | (1) |
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524 | (5) |
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Cranial Reflexes and Related Techniques |
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529 | (14) |
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529 | (1) |
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530 | (5) |
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Lateral Spread of the Facial Nerve Response: Assessment of Facial Synkinesis and Hemifacial Spasm |
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535 | (2) |
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Jaw Jerk (Masseter Reflex) |
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537 | (1) |
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Masseter Inhibitory Reflex |
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538 | (2) |
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Great Auricular Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies |
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540 | (1) |
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Trigeminal Contact Heat Evoked Potential Stimulator Studies |
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540 | (3) |
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Long Latency Reflexes and the Silent Period |
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543 | (8) |
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543 | (1) |
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543 | (3) |
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546 | (5) |
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551 | (24) |
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551 | (1) |
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552 | (1) |
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553 | (1) |
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Surface Emg: Normal Patterns |
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554 | (1) |
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554 | (5) |
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559 | (9) |
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568 | (1) |
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568 | (1) |
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Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep |
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568 | (1) |
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569 | (2) |
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Tics. Chorea, and Athetosis |
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571 | (1) |
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Voluntary Movement Abnormalities |
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571 | (4) |
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575 | (42) |
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575 | (7) |
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Laboratory Examination: Vor-Based Measures |
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582 | (17) |
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Laboratory Examination: Var-Based Measures |
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599 | (8) |
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Clinical Applications of Vestibular Testing: Assessing Sensorineural Syndromes of the Labyrinth |
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607 | (3) |
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Vestibular Rehabilitation |
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610 | (7) |
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617 | (12) |
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617 | (1) |
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617 | (2) |
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General Organization of the Autonomic System |
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619 | (2) |
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621 | (1) |
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Sympathetic Innervation of the Skin |
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622 | (1) |
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Muscle Sympathetic Activity |
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623 | (1) |
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Autonomic Control of Heart Rate |
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624 | (1) |
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624 | (2) |
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Maintenance of Postural Normotension |
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626 | (3) |
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Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex and Related Tests |
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629 | (8) |
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629 | (1) |
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Laboratory Evaluation of Autonomic Function |
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629 | (1) |
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Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test |
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630 | (4) |
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Imprint Methods of Sweat Measurement |
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634 | (3) |
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Evaluation of Adrenergic Function |
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637 | (8) |
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637 | (1) |
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637 | (8) |
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Thermoregulatory Sweat Test |
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645 | (16) |
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645 | (1) |
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Role of Thermoregulatory Sweat Testing: Clinical Syndromes and Problems Evaluated |
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646 | (4) |
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650 | (3) |
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Thermoregulatory Sweat Distribution |
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653 | (3) |
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656 | (1) |
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Difficulties and Pitfalls in Interpretation |
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657 | (4) |
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661 | (16) |
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661 | (1) |
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Heart Rate Response to Deep Breathing |
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662 | (3) |
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665 | (5) |
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670 | (1) |
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670 | (1) |
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Heart Rate Response to Standing |
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671 | (1) |
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Other Tests of Cardiovagal Function |
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672 | (5) |
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Electrophysiology of Pain |
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677 | (20) |
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677 | (1) |
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Quantitative Sensory Test |
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678 | (3) |
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681 | (2) |
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683 | (1) |
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684 | (4) |
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Contact Heat Evoked Potentials |
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688 | (9) |
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Assessment of Sleep and Sleep Disorders |
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697 | (30) |
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697 | (1) |
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Techniques Used in Studying Sleep |
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698 | (8) |
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706 | (6) |
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Assessing Respiration During Sleep |
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712 | (3) |
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Assessing Movements in Sleep |
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715 | (3) |
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Assessing Other Physiologic Variables |
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718 | (1) |
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Performance of a Sleep Study |
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718 | (1) |
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Assessing Sleep Disorders |
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719 | (8) |
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Intraoperative Monitoring |
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Cerebral Function Monitoring |
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727 | (12) |
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727 | (1) |
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Technical Factors in Intraoperative Eeg Monitoring |
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727 | (4) |
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Effects of Anesthesia on Electroencephalography Symmetrical Eeg Patterns During Anesthesia |
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731 | (1) |
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Preoperative Focal Abnormalities Seen with Anesthesia |
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732 | (1) |
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733 | (1) |
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Eeg Changes During Carotid Endarterectomy |
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733 | (2) |
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Sep Recording During Carotid Endarterectomy |
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735 | (1) |
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Other Monitoring Techniques During Carotid Endarterectomy |
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735 | (1) |
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Eeg Monitoring During Cardiac Surgery |
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736 | (1) |
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Bispectral Analysis of Eeg for Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia |
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736 | (1) |
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Eeg Monitoring for Epilepsy Surgery |
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736 | (3) |
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Brain Stem and Cranial Nerve Monitoring |
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739 | (12) |
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739 | (1) |
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740 | (3) |
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743 | (8) |
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751 | (26) |
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751 | (1) |
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General Principles of Intraoperative Monitoring |
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752 | (1) |
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Equipment and Electrical Safety |
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753 | (1) |
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Monitoring Methods---Somatosensory Evoked Potentials |
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754 | (6) |
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760 | (5) |
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Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies |
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765 | (3) |
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Types of Spinal Surgeries |
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768 | (9) |
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Peripheral Nervous System Monitoring |
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777 | (14) |
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777 | (1) |
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778 | (2) |
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780 | (11) |
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SECTION 3 APPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY: ASSESSING SYMPTOM COMPLEXES AND DISEASE ENTITIES |
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Assessing Central Nervous System Symptoms |
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|
791 | (10) |
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791 | (1) |
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Assessment of Motor Symptoms of Central Origin |
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791 | (1) |
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Assessment of Sensory Symptoms of Central Origin |
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792 | (1) |
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Assessing Impairment of Consciousness and Cognition |
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792 | (1) |
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Assessing Impairment of Visceral Function and Sleep |
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792 | (1) |
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Identifying Disease Types |
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793 | (1) |
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793 | (1) |
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Assessing Clinical Disorders with Eeg |
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|
793 | (8) |
|
Application of Clinical Neurophysiology: Assessing Peripheral Neuromuscular Symptom Complexes |
|
|
801 | (38) |
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Clinical Neurophysiology in the Assessment of Peripheral Nervous System Disorders |
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|
802 | (4) |
|
Assessing Clinical Disorders: Assessment with Emg and Ncs |
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|
806 | (1) |
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806 | (2) |
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Common Focal Mononeuropathies |
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808 | (2) |
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810 | (7) |
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817 | (5) |
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|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
|
823 | (4) |
|
Myalgias, Muscle Stiffness, and Episodic Muscle Weakness |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
|
827 | (2) |
|
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
|
|
831 | (4) |
|
Unexpected Findings on Nerve Conduction Studies: Cause and Action |
|
|
835 | (4) |
| Glossary of Electrophysiologic Terms |
|
839 | (30) |
| Index |
|
869 | |
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