| Contributors |
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xi | |
| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Introduction |
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xv | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
| 1 Patient Communication |
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1 | (28) |
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Introduction to Patient Communication |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (6) |
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Presenting Examination Results to a Patient |
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11 | (4) |
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Verbal Presentation of Your Patient to a Colleague, Preceptor, or Attending Supervisor |
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15 | (4) |
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How to Write a Consultancy or Referral Letter |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (2) |
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How to Write a Prescription for Medication |
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25 | (4) |
| 2 Entrance Tests |
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29 | (82) |
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Introduction to the Entrance Tests |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (2) |
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Visual Acuity (VA): Minimum Legible |
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36 | (7) |
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Visual Acuity (VA): Minimum Legible Using a LogMAR Chart |
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43 | (8) |
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Visual Acuity (VA): Minimum Legible Using the Massachusetts Visual Acuity Test With Lea Symbols |
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51 | (7) |
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58 | (2) |
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Amplitude of Accommodation: Push-Up Method and Pull-Away Method |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (4) |
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67 | (8) |
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75 | (3) |
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Screening Stereopsis Using the Random Dot E and PASS |
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78 | (4) |
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82 | (4) |
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Near Point of Convergence (NPC) |
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86 | (3) |
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Hirschberg Test and Krimsky Test |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (3) |
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Extraocular Motilities (EOM) |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (3) |
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Finger Counting Visual Fields |
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104 | (3) |
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Interpupillary Distance (PD) |
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107 | (3) |
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Summary of Expected Findings |
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110 | (1) |
| 3 Refraction |
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111 | (96) |
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Introduction to Refraction |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (5) |
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121 | (6) |
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Introduction to the Phoropter |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (6) |
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Routine Distance Subjective Refraction with the Phoropter |
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136 | (1) |
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Step-by-Step Procedure for the Routine Distance Subjective Refraction with the Phoropter |
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137 | (1) |
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I Monocular Distance Subjective Refraction |
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138 | (11) |
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Initial MPMVA (Maximum Plus to Maximum Visual Acuity) |
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138 | (1) |
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Initial Duochrome (Bichrome, Red-Green Test) |
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139 | (3) |
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The Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) Test |
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142 | (5) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (10) |
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152 | (4) |
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Use of the Trial Frame to Modify a Prescription |
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156 | (3) |
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III Side Trips from the Routine Distance Subjective Refraction |
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159 | (48) |
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Clock Chart (Sunburst Dial) |
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159 | (2) |
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Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) Check Test for Uncorrected Astigmatism |
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161 | (1) |
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Prism-Dissociated Duochrome Test |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (6) |
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Stenopaic Slit Refraction |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (3) |
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Delayed Subjective Refraction |
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177 | (2) |
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Convergence Controlled Refraction |
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179 | (2) |
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Binocular Refraction with the Vectographic Slide |
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181 | (4) |
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Humphriss Immediate Contrast Method |
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185 | (3) |
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188 | (2) |
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Mohindra's Near Retinoscopy |
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190 | (2) |
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Determining the Add for the Presbyope |
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192 | (5) |
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197 | (5) |
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Near Refinement of Cylinder Axis and Power Using the Borish Binocular Nearpoint Card |
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202 | (2) |
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Modified Humphriss for Near Refinement of Cylinder Axis and Power |
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204 | (3) |
| 4 Functional Tests |
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207 | (64) |
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Introduction to Functional Tests |
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208 | (2) |
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Distance Lateral Phoria by von Graefe Technique |
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210 | (3) |
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Distance Vertical Phoria by von Graefe Technique |
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213 | (3) |
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Horizontal Vergences at Distance |
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216 | (4) |
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Vertical Vergences at Distance |
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220 | (3) |
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Near Lateral Phoria by von Graefe Technique |
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223 | (4) |
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Near Vertical Phoria by von Graefe Technique |
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227 | (3) |
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Horizontal Vergences at Near |
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230 | (3) |
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Vertical Vergences at Near |
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233 | (2) |
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Fusional Vergence Facility at Near |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (3) |
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Negative Relative Accommodation/Positive Relative Accommodation (NRA/PRA) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (4) |
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Dynamic Retinoscopy: Monocular Estimation Method (MEM) |
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245 | (3) |
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Dynamic Retinoscopy: Bell Retinoscopy |
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248 | (3) |
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Amplitude of Accommodation: Minus Lens to Blur |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (4) |
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257 | (4) |
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Modified Thorington Phoria |
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261 | (5) |
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266 | (5) |
| 5 Ocular Health Assessment |
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271 | (114) |
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Introduction to Ocular Health Assessment |
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273 | (5) |
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Biomicroscopy (Slit Lamp) |
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278 | (11) |
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Special Slit Lamp Procedures |
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289 | (1) |
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Examination of the Anterior Chamber |
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290 | (2) |
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Eversion of the Upper Lid |
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292 | (2) |
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Corneal or Conjunctival Staining |
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294 | (3) |
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Specular Reflection Technique |
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297 | (2) |
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Sclerotic Scatter Technique |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (3) |
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304 | (9) |
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313 | (2) |
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Schirmer Tests: Schirmer #1 Test and Basic Lacrimation Test |
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315 | (3) |
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318 | (2) |
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Fluorescein Clearance Test (or "Dye Disappearance Test") |
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320 | (3) |
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Jones #1 (Primary Dye) Test |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (3) |
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Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy |
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328 | (7) |
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335 | (3) |
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338 | (3) |
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Nerve Fiber Layer Evaluation |
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341 | (2) |
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Retinal Evaluation With the Goldmann 3-Mirror Lens |
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343 | (5) |
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Goldmann Applanation Tonometry |
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348 | (7) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (6) |
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363 | (3) |
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366 | (4) |
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370 | (2) |
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Brightness Comparison Test |
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372 | (2) |
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Photostress Recovery Time Test |
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374 | (3) |
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377 | (3) |
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380 | (5) |
| 6 Contact Lenses |
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385 | (80) |
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Introduction to the Contact Lens Examination |
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387 | (3) |
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Contact Lens Case History |
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390 | (2) |
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Contact Lens External Examination |
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392 | (4) |
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Inspection and Verification of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses |
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396 | (1) |
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Base Curve Radius: Radiuscope or Radiusgauge |
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397 | (4) |
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Base Curve Radius: Lensco-Meter |
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401 | (2) |
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Back Vertex Power and Optical Quality |
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403 | (2) |
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Lens Diameter and Optic Zone Diameter |
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405 | (3) |
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408 | (2) |
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410 | (3) |
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413 | (2) |
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Insertion, Removal, and Recentering of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses |
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415 | (5) |
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Fit Assessment of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses |
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420 | (6) |
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Inspection and Verification of Soft Contact Lenses |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (2) |
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Surface Inspection: Films and Spots |
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429 | (3) |
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Surface Inspection: Tears, Nicks, and Scratches |
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432 | (2) |
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Insertion and Removal of Soft Contact Lenses |
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434 | (5) |
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Fit Assessment of Soft Contact Lenses |
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439 | (6) |
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Insertion and Removal of Scleral Contact Lenses |
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445 | (4) |
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Fit Assessment of Sclera! Contact Lenses |
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449 | (2) |
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Over-Refraction: Phoropter |
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451 | (2) |
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Over-Refraction: Spectacle Trial Lenses |
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453 | (3) |
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Evaluation of the Multifocal Contact Lens Patient |
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456 | (2) |
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458 | (2) |
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Evaluation of the Monovision Patient |
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460 | (5) |
| 7 Systemic Health Screening |
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465 | (34) |
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Introduction to Systemic Health Screening |
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466 | (1) |
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Blood Pressure Evaluation (Sphygmomanometry) |
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467 | (6) |
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Carotid Artery Evaluation |
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473 | (5) |
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478 | (4) |
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482 | (5) |
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Paranasal Sinus Evaluation |
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487 | (6) |
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493 | (6) |
| 8 Cranial Nerve Screening |
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499 | (32) |
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Introduction to Cranial Nerve Screening |
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500 | (1) |
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Muscle Field with Red Lens, Ductions, and Saccades |
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501 | (3) |
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Test for a Paretic Horizontal Muscle |
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504 | (2) |
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Park's 3-Step Method for a Paretic Vertical Muscle |
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506 | (2) |
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Dim-Bright Pupillary Test |
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508 | (3) |
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Near (Accommodative) Response of the Pupil |
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511 | (2) |
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513 | (2) |
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Pharmacological Tests of the Pupil |
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515 | (3) |
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Trigeminal Nerve Function Test |
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518 | (4) |
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Facial Nerve Function Test |
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522 | (3) |
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Screening Tests for Cranial Nerves I, VIII, XI, and XII |
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525 | (6) |
| References |
|
531 | (30) |
| Index |
|
561 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta