Acknowledgements |
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ix | |
Introduction |
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xi | |
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Part 1 Bilingual and Multilingual Language Use |
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1 Language Users and Language Use |
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3 | (15) |
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Introduction. Why do Linguists Often Study Monolingual |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (4) |
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10 | (3) |
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Bilingualism and Multilingualism in Social Settings |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (3) |
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2 Attitudes Towards Bilingual and Multilingual Language Use: The Western and Central-European Perspective |
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18 | (13) |
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18 | (1) |
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Prejudice Against Bilingualism and Multilingualism |
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19 | (2) |
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The Current Position of English in the World |
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21 | (2) |
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Multilingualism with English: Identity Issues |
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23 | (1) |
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Between Obligation and Need: Attitudes Towards Multilingualism in Poland |
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24 | (7) |
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Part 2 Defining Lexical Crosslinguistic Similarity |
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3 Where Does Crosslinguistic Similarity Come From? |
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31 | (12) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Borrowing as a Linguistic Process |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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Languages in Contact: Lexical Similarity Between Polish and English |
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36 | (7) |
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4 Crosslinguistic Lexical Similarity |
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43 | (16) |
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43 | (1) |
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Degrees of Crosslinguistic Lexical Similarity |
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43 | (7) |
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Describing the Degrees of Cognate Similarity |
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50 | (9) |
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Part 3 Lexical Crosslinguistic Similarity in Use |
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5 Crosslinguistic Similarity and Crosslinguistic Influences |
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59 | (13) |
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59 | (1) |
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Transfer and Crosslinguistic Influences |
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60 | (3) |
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Crosslinguistic Similarity and the Levels of Lexical Transfer |
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63 | (7) |
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Conclusions: CLI and Linguistic Relativity |
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70 | (2) |
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6 Cognate Vocabulary in Language Processing |
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72 | (11) |
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72 | (1) |
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The Bilingual Mental Lexicon |
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72 | (4) |
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Research on the Processing of Cognates |
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76 | (4) |
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Cognates in Experimental Studies on Vocabulary Learning |
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80 | (3) |
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7 Cognate Vocabulary in Second Language Acquisition |
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83 | (11) |
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83 | (1) |
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The Assumed Role of Cognates in Language Acquisition |
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83 | (2) |
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Mixed Evidence from SLA Studies |
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85 | (5) |
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Conclusions: Why do we get Conflicting Results in Various Types of Studies? |
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90 | (4) |
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8 Language-related Factors in Lexical CLI |
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94 | (12) |
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94 | (1) |
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Word-related Criteria Influencing CLI and Processing |
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95 | (3) |
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Contextual Factors Influencing Processing and the Recognition of Cognates |
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98 | (3) |
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Typological and Psychotypological Factors in Lexical CLI |
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101 | (5) |
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9 Learner-related Factors Affecting Lexical CLI |
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106 | (14) |
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106 | (1) |
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The Role of L2 Proficiency |
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106 | (8) |
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Advantages of Cumulative Learning Experience |
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114 | (3) |
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Language Awareness, Metalinguistic Awareness and Language Use |
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117 | (3) |
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10 Reliance on Lexical CLI as a Strategic Behaviour |
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120 | (17) |
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120 | (1) |
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Strategic Learning in Bilinguals and Multilinguals |
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120 | (2) |
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Metalinguistic Awareness and Reliance on Cognate Vocabulary |
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122 | (4) |
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Attention, Awareness and Noticing in Language Learning |
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126 | (2) |
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Crosslinguistic Lexical Similarities as Affordances |
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128 | (9) |
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Part 4 Investigating Lexical Crosslinguistic Similarity in Language Learning |
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11 Introduction: Researching the Awareness of Cognates in Polish Learners of English |
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137 | (6) |
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Introduction: Aim and Scope of the Research |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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Structure of the Research Project |
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139 | (4) |
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12 Investigating the Awareness of Cognate Vocabulary: Polish Adult Learners of English |
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143 | (35) |
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143 | (35) |
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Study 1 Focus on Language Learners. Cognate Awareness Questionnaire |
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144 | (21) |
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Study 2 Focus on Cognate Words. Translation Task |
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165 | (13) |
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13 Using Cognates as a Vocabulary Learning Strategy: Polish Adult |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (38) |
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Study 3 Focus on Beginners of English. A Case Study |
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179 | (15) |
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Study 4 Focus on Advanced Learners of English |
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194 | (22) |
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14 Awareness of Cognates as a Motivational Strategy: The Age Factor |
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216 | (19) |
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216 | (19) |
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Study 5 Focus on Teenage Learners of English |
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217 | (9) |
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Study 6 Motivating Teenagers. A Large-scale Study |
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226 | (9) |
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15 Towards Plurilingual Language Teaching with English: Conclusions and Pedagogical Implications |
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235 | (28) |
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A Summary of the Research Aims |
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235 | (1) |
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Factors that Affect the Awareness of Cognates |
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236 | (2) |
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Benefits from Raising Awareness of Cognates |
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238 | (2) |
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The Age Factor in Raising Awareness of Cognates |
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240 | (2) |
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Implications for Teaching and Syllabus Design: The Way to Plurilingual Education |
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242 | (2) |
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A Final Comment: Multilingual Constellations with English |
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244 | (19) |
References |
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263 | (21) |
Index |
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284 | |