Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgements |
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x | |
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xi | |
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xiv | |
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xviii | |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (5) |
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Paucity of actions for damages for competition infringements |
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1 | (2) |
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The need for collective redress in competition law enforcement |
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3 | (1) |
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Reflection on the term `collective redress' |
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4 | (2) |
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Issues relating to the design of a collective redress action |
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6 | (6) |
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Judicial v non-judicial means of collective redress |
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6 | (3) |
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Elements of collective redress actions |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (3) |
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2 The notion of and need for collective redress actions |
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17 | (21) |
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17 | (1) |
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The concept and function of collective redress procedures |
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17 | (7) |
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A short summary of evolution and policy rationale |
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17 | (3) |
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The purpose of die procedure |
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20 | (4) |
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Setting the scene for EU collective redress actions |
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24 | (12) |
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The recognition and exercise of the right to damages |
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24 | (4) |
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The need for collective redress actions for consumers |
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28 | (6) |
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The role of collective redress actions |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (2) |
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3 Commission initiatives on collective redress actions |
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38 | (24) |
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38 | (1) |
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Two distinct initiatives in competition and consumer law |
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38 | (6) |
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Commission efforts in competition law |
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38 | (5) |
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Commission efforts in consumer law |
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43 | (1) |
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Combining the two: a horizontal approach toward collective redress actions |
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44 | (7) |
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Overview of the reasons leading to horizontal approach |
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44 | (2) |
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The proposals under the horizontal approach |
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46 | (3) |
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Impact of the horizontal approach on collective redress |
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49 | (2) |
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Distinctive approach toward collective redress actions |
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51 | (9) |
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Potential shortcomings of the horizontal approach |
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51 | (4) |
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The case for a distinctive competition law approach |
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55 | (5) |
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60 | (2) |
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4 Objectives of collective redress actions in EU competition enforcement |
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62 | (19) |
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62 | (1) |
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Determining the objectives and their significance |
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62 | (4) |
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Objectives of actions for damages |
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66 | (5) |
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The approach of the EU courts |
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66 | (1) |
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The approach of the Commission |
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67 | (4) |
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Compensation and deterrence objectives for collective redress actions |
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71 | (7) |
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The unique competition law enforcement goal and its implications for collective redress actions |
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71 | (3) |
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Objectives of collective redress actions |
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74 | (3) |
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Collective redress actions for consumers: do the objectives pursued differ? |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
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5 Consumer damages claims in EU competition cases |
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81 | (31) |
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81 | (1) |
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Damages caused by competition infringements |
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81 | (8) |
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The types of competition infringements |
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81 | (3) |
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The types of harm resulting from competition infringements |
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84 | (2) |
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Potential damages of competition infringements |
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86 | (3) |
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The overcharge as a measure of damages in consumer cases |
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89 | (9) |
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Overcharge in collusion cases |
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89 | (4) |
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Overcharge in abuse of dominance cases |
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93 | (5) |
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The ways in which consumers are harmed |
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98 | (11) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (6) |
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Deadweight loss consumers |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (3) |
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6 Grouping collective claims: Opt-in v opt-out |
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112 | (39) |
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112 | (1) |
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Establishing the group membership |
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112 | (25) |
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112 | (4) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (10) |
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126 | (11) |
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137 | (11) |
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The ways in which the group is defined |
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137 | (3) |
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Two necessary elements of group definition |
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140 | (2) |
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Towards an adequate group definition: what matters? |
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142 | (4) |
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The proposed approach: grouping consumer claims |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (3) |
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7 Designing collective redress actions: Representative party and funding rules |
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151 | (19) |
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151 | (1) |
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Determining the representative party |
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151 | (5) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (12) |
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156 | (3) |
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Possible options for funding |
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159 | (4) |
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Contingency fees as one of the options |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (3) |
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168 | (2) |
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8 Calculation and distribution of damages in collective actions for consumers |
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170 | (19) |
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170 | (1) |
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Possible ways of awarding damages to a group |
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170 | (4) |
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Aggregate v individual damages assessment |
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170 | (2) |
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Aggregate damages assessment and die compensation objective |
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172 | (2) |
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Calculation of damages to consumers |
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174 | (5) |
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179 | (8) |
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Distribution of damages to group members |
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179 | (3) |
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Possible alternatives for undistributed damages and the proposed approach |
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182 | (5) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (9) |
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189 | (9) |
Bibliography |
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198 | (26) |
Index |
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224 | |