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E-raamat: Combinatorial Games: Tic-Tac-Toe Theory

(Rutgers University, New Jersey)
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Traditional game theory has been successful at developing strategy in games of incomplete information: when one player knows something that the other does not. But it has little to say about games of complete information, for example, tic-tac-toe, solitaire and hex. The main challenge of combinatorial game theory is to handle combinatorial chaos, where brute force study is impractical. In this comprehensive volume, József Beck shows readers how to escape from the combinatorial chaos via the fake probabilistic method, a game-theoretic adaptation of the probabilistic method in combinatorics. Using this, the author is able to determine the exact results about infinite classes of many games, leading to the discovery of some striking new duality principles. Available for the first time in paperback, it includes a new appendix to address the results that have appeared since the book's original publication.

Arvustused

' this book is a milestone in Game Theory, it will become a classic ' Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum ' a most thorough and useful treatment of the subject (so far insufficiently presented in the literature) with an enormous store of results, links with other theories, and interesting open problems.' A. Pultr, Mathematical Reviews 'This seems to be the best and most useful treatment of the subject so far The book is recommended for a broad mathematical audience. Almost all concepts from other parts of mathematics are explained so it is convenient both for the specialist seeking a detailed survey of the topic and for students hoping to learn something new about the subject. The book has a potential to become a milestone in the development of combinatorial game theory.' EMS Newsletter

Muu info

A comprehensive and unique volume by the master of combinatorial game theory.
Preface xi
A summary of the book in a nutshell 1
PART A WEAK WIN AND STRONG DRAW 15
Chapter I Win vs. Weak Win 17
1 Illustration: every finite point set in the plane is a Weak Winner 19
2 Analyzing the proof of Theorem 1.1 32
3 Examples: Tic-Tac-Toe games 42
4 More examples: Tic-Tac-Toe like games 59
5 Games on hypergraphs, and the combinatorial chaos 72
Chapter II The main result: exact solutions for infinite classes of games 91
6 Ramsey Theory and Clique Games 92
7 Arithmetic progressions 106
8 Two-dimensional arithmetic progressions 118
9 Explaining the exact solutions: a Meta-Conjecture 131
10 Potentials and the Erdos–Selfridge Theorem 146
11 Local vs. Global 163
12 Ramsey Theory and Hypercube Tic-Tac-Toe 172
PART B BASIC POTENTIAL TECHNIQUE – GAME- THEORETIC FIRST AND SECOND MOMENTS 193
Chapter III Simple applications 195
13 Easy building via Theorem 1.2 196
14 Games beyond Ramsey Theory 204
15 A generalization of Kaplansky's game 216
Chapter IV Games and randomness 230
16 Discrepancy Games and the variance 231
17 Biased Discrepancy Games: when the extension from fair to biased works! 245
18 A simple illustration of "randomness" (I) 260
19 A simple illustration of "randomness" (II) 270
20 Another illustration of "randomness" in games 286
PART C ADVANCED WEAK WIN – GAME-THEORETIC HIGHER MOMENT 305
Chapter V Self-improving potentials 307
21 Motivating the probabilistic approach 308
22 Game-theoretic second moment: application to the Picker–Chooser game 320
23 Weak Win in the Lattice Games 329
24 Game-theoretic higher moments 340
25 Exact solution of the Clique Game (I) 352
26 More applications 362
27 Who-scores-more games 372
Chapter VI What is the Biased Meta-Conjecture, and why is it so difficult? 380
28 Discrepancy games (I) 381
29 Discrepancy games (II) 392
30 Biased Games (I): Biased Meta-Conjecture 400
31 Biased games (II): Sacrificing the probabilistic intuition to force negativity 418
32 Biased games (II1): Sporadic results 430
33 Biased games (IV): More sporadic results 439
PART D ADVANCED STRONG DRAW – GAME-THEORETIC INDEPENDENCE 459
Chapter VII BigGame–SmallGame Decomposition 461
34 The Hales–Jewett Conjecture 462
35 Reinforcing the Erd6s–Selfridge technique (I) 470
36 Reinforcing the Erd6s–Selfridge technique (II) 479
37 Almost Disjoint hypergraphs 485
38 Exact solution of the Clique Game (II) 492
Chapter VIII Advanced decomposition 504
39 Proof of the second Ugly Theorem 505
40 Breaking the "square-root barrier" (I) 525
41 Breaking the "square-root barrier" (II) 536
42 Van der Waerden Game and the RELARIN technique 545
Chapter IX Game-theoretic lattice-numbers 552
43 Winning planes: exact solution 553
44 Winning lattices: exact solution 575
45 I-Can-You-Can't Games – Second Player's Moral Victory 592
Chapter X Conclusion 610
46 More exact solutions and more partial results 611
47 Miscellany (I) 620
48 Miscellany (II) 634
49 Concluding remarks 644
Appendix A Ramsey Numbers 658
Appendix B Hales–Jewett Theorem: Shelah's proof 669
Appendix C A formal treatment of Positional Games 677
Appendix D An informal introduction to game theory 705
Complete list of the Open Problems 716
What kinds of games? A dictionary 724
Dictionary of the phrases and concepts 727
References 730
József Beck is a Professor in the Mathematics Department of Rutgers University. He has received the Fulkerson Prize for Research in Discrete Mathematics and has written around 100 research publications. He is the co-author, with W. L. Chen, of the pioneering monograph Irregularities of Distribution.