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E-raamat: Combustion Engineering

(University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA), ,
  • Formaat: 492 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351660419
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  • Formaat: 492 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351660419
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Combustion Engineering, Third Edition introduces the analysis, design, and building of combustion energy systems. It discusses current global energy, climate, and air pollution challenges and considers the increasing importance of renewable energy sources, such as biomass fuels.

Mathematical methods are presented, along with qualitative descriptions of their use, which are supported by numerous tables with practical data and formulae, worked examples, chapter-end problems, and updated references. The new edition features new and updated sections on solid biofuels, spark-ignition, compression-ignition, soot and black carbon formation, and current energy policies.

Features include:











Builds a strong foundation for design and engineering of combustion systems.





Provides fully updated coverage of alternative and renewable fuel topics throughout the text.





Features new and updated sections on solid biofuels, spark-ignition, compression-ignition, soot and black carbon formation, and current energy policies.





Includes updated data and formulae, worked examples, and additional chapter-end problems.





Includes a Solutions Manual and figures slides for adopting instructors.

This text is intended for undergraduate and first-year graduate mechanical engineering students taking introductory courses in combustion. Practicing heating engineers, utility engineers, and engineers consulting in energy and environmental areas will find this book a useful reference.
Universal Constants i
Acknowledgments xv
Preface to First Edition xvii
Preface to Second Edition xix
Preface to Third Edition xxi
About the Authors xxiii
Nomenclature xxv
1 Introduction to Combustion Engineering
1(8)
1.1 The Nature of Combustion
1(2)
1.2 Combustion Emissions
3(1)
1.3 Sustainability and Global Climate Change
4(1)
1.4 Structure of the Book
5(1)
Bibliography
6(3)
Part I Basic Concepts
2 Fuels
9(32)
2.1 Gaseous Fuels
9(4)
2.1.1 Characterization of Gaseous Fuels
11(2)
2.2 Liquid Fuels
13(10)
2.2.1 Molecular Structure
14(4)
2.2.2 Characterization of Liquid Fuels
18(3)
2.2.3 Liquid Fuel Types
21(2)
2.3 Solid Fuels
23(15)
2.3.1 Biomass
27(3)
2.3.2 Peat
30(1)
2.3.3 Coal
30(2)
2.3.4 Refuse-Derived Fuels
32(1)
2.3.5 Characterization of Solid Fuels
33(5)
Bibliography
38(3)
3 Thermodynamics of Combustion
41(46)
3.1 Review of First Law Concepts
41(2)
3.2 Properties of Mixtures
43(4)
3.3 Combustion Stoichiometry
47(8)
3.4 Chemical Energy
55(10)
3.4.1 Heat of Formation and Absolute Enthalpy
55(4)
3.4.2 Heat of Reaction
59(6)
3.5 Chemical Equilibrium
65(13)
3.5.1 Chemical Equilibrium Criterion
66(9)
3.5.2 Properties of Combustion Products
75(3)
3.6 Adiabatic Flame Temperature
78(8)
Bibliography
86(1)
4 Chemical Kinetics of Combustion
87(30)
4.1 Elementary Reactions
87(5)
4.2 Chain Reactions
92(5)
4.3 Global Reactions
97(6)
4.4 Nitric Oxide Kinetics
103(7)
4.4.1 Prompt NO and Fuel-Bound NO
110(1)
4.5 Reactions at a Solid Surface
110(4)
Bibliography
114(3)
Part II Combustion of Gaseous and Vaporized Fuels
5 Flames
117(34)
5.1 Laminar Premixed Flames
117(8)
5.1.1 Effect of Stoichiometry on Laminar Flame Speed
118(3)
5.1.2 Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Laminar Flame Speed
121(3)
5.1.3 Stabilization of Premixed Flames
124(1)
5.2 Laminar Flame Theory
125(10)
5.2.1 Laminar Flame Equations
128(2)
5.2.2 Simplified Laminar Flame Model
130(5)
5.3 Turbulent Premixed Flames
135(5)
5.3.1 Turbulence Parameters, Length Scales, and Time Scales
135(2)
5.3.2 Turbulent Flame Types
137(3)
5.4 Explosion Limits
140(2)
5.5 Diffusion Flames
142(7)
5.5.1 Free Jet Flames
143(1)
5.5.2 Concentric Jet Flames
144(2)
5.5.3 Concentric Jet Flame with Bluff Body
146(3)
Bibliography
149(2)
6 Gas-Fired Furnaces and Boilers
151(18)
6.1 Energy Balance and Efficiency
151(7)
6.1.1 Furnace and Boiler Efficiency
155(3)
6.2 Fuel Substitution
158(1)
6.3 Residential Gas Burners
159(2)
6.4 Industrial Gas Burners
161(1)
6.5 Utility Gas Burners
162(2)
6.6 Low Swirl Gas Burners
164(4)
Bibliography
168(1)
7 Spark-Ignition Engine Combustion
169(30)
7.1 Introduction to the Spark-Ignition Engine
169(4)
7.2 Engine Efficiency
173(2)
7.3 One-Zone Model of Combustion in a Cylinder
175(5)
7.4 Two-Zone Model of Combustion in a Cylinder
180(3)
7.5 In-Cylinder Flame Structure
183(2)
7.6 Combustion Chamber and New Concepts
185(2)
7.7 Emission Controls
187(2)
7.8 Alternative SI Engine Fuels
189(1)
7.9 Review of Terminology for Premixed Gas, Four-Stroke Engines
190(7)
Bibliography
197(2)
8 Detonation of Gaseous Mixtures
199(20)
8.1 Transition to Detonation
199(1)
8.2 Steady-State Detonations
200(5)
8.3 One-Dimensional Model for Propagation Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature Rise across a Detonation
205(7)
8.4 Pulse and Maintained Detonations
212(3)
Bibliography
215(4)
Part III Combustion of Liquid Fuels
9 Spray Formation and Droplet Behavior
219(30)
9.1 Spray Formation
220(2)
9.2 Droplet Size Distributions
222(5)
9.3 Fuel Injectors
227(14)
9.3.1 Steady Flow Injectors
227(4)
9.3.2 Intermittent Injectors
231(10)
9.4 Vaporization of Single Droplets
241(5)
Bibliography
246(3)
10 Oil-Fired Furnace Combustion
249(14)
10.1 Oil-Fired Systems
249(3)
10.2 Spray Combustion in Furnaces and Boilers
252(4)
10.3 Plug Flow Model of a Uniform Field of Droplets
256(4)
10.4 Emissions from Oil-Fired Furnaces and Boilers
260(2)
Bibliography
262(1)
11 Gas Turbine Spray Combustion
263(26)
11.1 Gas Turbine Operating Parameters
263(4)
11.2 Combustor Design
267(8)
11.2.1 Ignition
270(3)
11.2.2 Flame Stabilization
273(2)
11.3 Combustion Rate
275(8)
11.4 Liner Heat Transfer
283(1)
11.5 Low-Emissions Combustors
284(2)
Bibliography
286(3)
12 Compression-Ignition Engine Combustion
289(24)
12.1 Introduction to Diesel Engine Combustion
289(2)
12.2 Combustion Chamber Geometry and Flow Patterns
291(1)
12.3 Fuel Injection
292(1)
12.4 Diesel Spray Combustion Process
293(4)
12.5 One-Zone Model and Rate of Combustion
297(3)
12.6 Engine Emissions
300(4)
12.6.1 Diesel Engine Emission Standards
303(1)
12.7 Unconventional Compression Ignition Engines
304(3)
12.8 Alternative Diesel Engine Fuels
307(2)
Bibliography
309(4)
13 Detonation of Liquid and Gaseous Mixtures
313(14)
13.1 Detonation of Liquid Fuel Sprays
314(6)
13.1.1 Droplet Breakup
314(3)
13.1.2 Spray Detonations
317(3)
13.2 Detonation of Liquid Fuel Layers
320(4)
Bibliography
324(3)
Part IV Combustion of Solid Fuels
14 Solid Fuel Combustion Mechanisms
327(24)
14.1 Drying of Solid Fuels
327(6)
14.1.1 Drying of Small Particles
328(4)
14.1.2 Drying of Larger Particles
332(1)
14.2 Devolatilization of Solid Fuels
333(6)
14.3 Char Combustion
339(8)
14.3.1 Char burnout
343(3)
14.3.2 Char Surface Temperature
346(1)
14.4 Ash Formation
347(2)
Bibliography
349(2)
15 Fixed Bed Combustion
351(22)
15.1 Biomass Cookstoves
351(5)
15.2 Space-Heating Stoves Using Logs
356(2)
15.3 Grate Burning Systems for Heat and Power
358(2)
15.3.1 Traveling Grate Spreader Stokers
358(1)
15.3.2 Vibrating Grate Spreader Stokers
359(1)
15.4 Combustion Efficiency and Boiler Efficiency
360(1)
15.5 Modeling Combustion of Solid Fuels on a Grate
361(11)
15.5.1 Modeling Fixed Bed Char Combustion
361(5)
15.5.2 Modeling Fixed Bed Combustion of Biomass
366(6)
Bibliography
372(1)
16 Suspension Burning
373(22)
16.1 Pulverized Coal Burning Systems
373(5)
16.1.1 Location of Fuel and Air Nozzles
376(1)
16.1.2 Furnace Design
377(1)
16.2 Pulverized Coal Combustion
378(9)
16.2.1 Isothermal Plug Flow of Pulverized Coal
379(6)
16.2.2 Non-Isothermal Plug Flow of Pulverized Char Suspension
385(2)
16.3 Behavior of Ash
387(1)
16.4 Emissions from Pulverized Coal Boilers
388(1)
16.5 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration
389(1)
16.6 Biomass-Fired Boilers
390(3)
Bibliography
393(2)
17 Fluidized Bed Combustion
395(25)
17.1 Fluidization Fundamentals
396(9)
17.1.1 Pressure Drop across the Bed
399(1)
17.1.2 Minimum Fluidization Velocity
400(1)
17.1.3 Single Particle Terminal Velocity
401(1)
17.1.4 Bubbling Beds
402(1)
17.1.5 Heat and Mass Transfer in the Bed
403(2)
17.2 Combustion in a Bubbling Bed
405(7)
17.2.1 Neglect Bubbles and Assume Complete Combustion in Bed
405(5)
17.2.2 Neglect Bubbles but Include Some Combustion above the Bed
410(1)
17.2.3 Include the Effect of Bubbles and Some Combustion above the Bed
410(1)
17.2.4 Fuel Hold-Up in the Bed
411(1)
17.3 Atmospheric Pressure Fluidized Bed Combustion Systems
412(1)
17.3.1 Emissions from Fluidized Bed Boilers
413(1)
17.4 Circulating Fluidized Beds
413(2)
17.5 Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasification of Biomass
415(5)
Bibliography 420(1)
Appendix A: Properties of Fuels 421(8)
Appendix B: Properties of Air (at 1 atm) 429(2)
Appendix C: Thermodynamic Properties of Combustion Products 431(16)
Appendix D: Historical Perspective on Combustion Technology 447(8)
Index 455(7)
Conversion Factors - English to SI Units 462
Dr. Kenneth Mark Bryden joined the faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Iowa State University in 1998 after receiving his doctoral degree in mechanical engineering from the University of WisconsinMadison. Prior to his studies at the University of WisconsinMadison, he worked fourteen years in a wide range of engineering positions at Westinghouse Electric Corporation. This included eight years in power plant operations and six years in power plant engineering, more than ten of these years were in engineering management. Mark has an active research and teaching program in the areas of energy, combustion, and appropriate technology. He is particularly interested in biomass combustion and small cookstoves for the developing world. He is founder and past president of Engineers for Technical and Humanitarian Opportunities for Service (ETHOS) and is the program director for the Simulation, Modeling and Decision Science Program at the U.S. Department of Energys Ames Laboratory. He teaches classes in combustion, sustainability, energy systems, and design for the developing world. He is the recipient of numerous teaching and research awards, including the ASME Melville Medal and three R&D 100 awards. He is the co-founder and board chair of two successful startups based on his research.

Dr. Kenneth Ragland is an emeritus professor of mechanical engineering at the University of WisconsinMadison. Throughout his career, he taught courses in thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, combustion, and air pollution control. His early research was on solid fuel ram jet combustion, and gaseous and heterogeneous detonations. His research at UWMadison focused on solid fuel combustion of coal and biomass as single particles, combustion in shallow and deep fixed beds, fluidized bed combustion, and combustion emissions. He served as chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering from July 1995 until his retirement in July 1999. In retirement, his research has focused on the development of systems for planting, harvesting, and combusting biomass crops for energy. Currently, he is the vice president of Energy Performance Systems, Inc.

Dr. Song-Charng Kong is a professor of mechanical engineering at Iowa State University. He teaches courses related to thermal sciences, including thermodynamics, heat transfer, combustion, and internal combustion engine. His research is focused on multiphase, chemically reacting flows in the areas of internal combustion engine and biorenewable energy. His research includes both experimental diagnostics and numerical modeling. The common goal is to increase the energy efficiency and enable the use of biorenewable energy. He is the Associate Editor of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Editorial Board Member of International Journal of Engine Research, and the Director of Bioenergy Systems Analysis Program of Bioeconomy Institute at Iowa State University. Currently, Dr. Kong also serves as Program Director of the Combustion and Fire Systems Program at the National Science Foundation.